强导(含)水隐伏陷落柱底板突水机理研究

华北型煤田采场底板隐伏强导（含）水岩溶陷落柱突水以其隐蔽性强,突水速度快,水量大,破坏性强,危害严重的特点已成为影响煤矿安全生产的重大隐患.但是,受奥陶系灰岩承压水和采动应力耦合作用下的岩溶陷落柱突水机理、突水过程和突水力学规律的研究尚不够系统和完善.本文以陷落柱上覆岩层层状介质假设和剪切破坏理论方法为出发点,建立了不同水平截面形状类型的强导（含）水岩溶陷落柱突水力学模型,并确立了奥灰承压水与采动应力共同作用诱发强导（含）水陷落柱突水的临界条件,并提出了突水危险性系数对陷落柱突水危险性进行定性和定量的评价.理论推导和数值分析表明,奥灰承压水和采动应力耦合作用下的强导（含）水陷落柱突水与其水平截面形状、隔水层厚度、岩石物理性质有关.当采场环境确定后,陷落柱水平截面形状则是决定其突水的关键因素,而且陷落柱水平截面形状是圆形时最容易发生突水.

     

油田开发中后期持水率测井技术研究与展望

油田开发中后期油井水的含量上升,油田开发除单一的垂直井开采外,水平井、大斜度井开采技术应用逐渐增多,因此对持水率测井技术提出了新的挑战．针对这种情况,国内外先后研究了电磁法、电容法、电导法、光纤法等持水率测量方法．本文通过对这些方法物理基础的分析,阐述了目前研究进展情况．在此基础上探讨了适应油田开发中后期复杂条件下持水率仪研究的发展方向．     

基于模拟优化与正交试验的库塘联合灌溉系统水资源调控

依托灌溉试验站田间降水-作物耗水-土壤水相互转化的长序列试验成果,构建灌区田间尺度水量蓄-耗-灌-排全过程的水资源模拟模块,结合系统仿真方法,建立库塘联合灌溉系统水量分配仿真模拟模型,以保障灌区基本需水(包括农村生活需水与生态环境需水)供水安全前提下的经济效益最大化为目标,运用正交试验选优原理,构建了库塘联合灌溉系统水资源优化调控模型,形成了基于仿真模拟与正交试验优化的库塘联合灌溉系统水资源优化调控技术体系,并应用于巢湖流域大官塘水库灌区,明确了灌区合理的工程布局规格与规模,确定了适宜的节水灌溉技术模式与灌溉制度,制定了塘坝和水库科学的调度规则,提出了具有可操作性的作物种植结构调整规则,提高了灌区径流拦蓄利用率,提升了塘坝和水库年际调蓄供水能力,增强了抗旱减灾能力,为巢湖流域水库灌区综合治理、库塘联合灌区水量分配方案、水库和塘坝调度规则及作物灌溉制度等地制定提供理论依据.     

Optimal Allocation of Water Resources Considering Water Quality and the Absorbing Pollution Capacity of Water

Water Resources - A water resource allocation model coupling quantity and quality is a topic of concern in China. The water resources supply modelling is set up according to the water quality, and...     

Water Demands for Backwash in a Water Treatment Plant

Water demands for backwash purposes were investigated in an existing water treatment plant. It was noticed that the period of reduction of the concentration of suspension in outflow to values as high as 800, 700, 600, 500 mg/l was correlated with the total mass accumulated in a filter. However, at the end of the backwash the suspension concentration in outflow had a more occasional character and no documented correlation existed. It was also found that the period of a filter backwash established arbitrarily by the staff of the water treatment plant depended on the total dry mass of deposit accumulated.     

Long-Term Prediction of Water Quality in Marine Water Areas

Random walk approach is used to develop a model for long-term prediction of water quality in shallow marine waters. The model allows one to simulate variations in hydrological situations, reactive solutes, interaction between solutes and liquid and solid boundaries. The model application is illustrated by calculations for Amur Bay. Calculations using the long-term prediction model has not found a stationary state in the pollution level. The velocities of seaward motion of pollution front and the rates of increase in the concentration of a nonreactive solute are given.     

Trends in Water Supply and Water Conservation in Russia

The development history of the accounting system of water supply in the USSR is presented. Various statistical abstracts of 1970–1998 on the water supply in the Russian Federation are analyzed. Reference data are shown to be in need of correction. The dynamics of waste, mine, and drain water disposal are considered. The change in water quality is shown to be inadequate to the reduction in the discharge of pollutants.     

青海湖水量平衡分析与水资源优化配置研究

在充分收集有关资料的基础上研究青海湖1959-2000年间降水径流蒸发湖泊水位地下水补给量的动态变化建立水量平衡分析方程.青海湖水位在波动中持续下降42年来年平均水位累计下降了 3.32 m平均每年下降了0.079 m近年来下降的幅度减小. 同时青海湖储水量不断减少而湖区降水呈增加的趋势河川径流量地下水的入湖补给量 蒸发量呈现下降的趋势. 根据青海湖水平衡分析计算结果预测2010年青海湖流域耗水量将达1.27108m3为维护生态平衡和社会经济持续发展需要跨流域调水量引大济湖4.1108m3.     

Simulating Piecewise-Linear Surface Water and Ground Water Interactions with MODFLOW

The standard MODFLOW packages offer limited capabilities to model piecewise-linear boundary conditions to describe ground water–surface water interaction. Specifically, MODFLOW is incapable of representing a Cauchy-type boundary with different resistances for discharge or recharge conditions. Such a more sophisticated Cauchy boundary condition is needed to properly represent surface waters alternatively losing water through the bottom (high resistance) or gaining water mostly near the water surface (low resistance). One solution would be to create a new package for MODFLOW to accomplish this. However, it is also possible to combine multiple instances of standard packages in a single cell to the same effect. In this specific example, the general head boundary package is combined with the drain package to arrive at the desired piecewise-linear behavior. In doing so, the standard USGS MODFLOW version can be used without any modifications at the expense of a minor increase in preprocessing and postprocessing and computational effort. The extra preprocessing for creating the input and extra postprocessing to determine the water balance in terms of the physical entities from the MODFLOW cell fluxes per package can be taken care of by a user interface.