用地磁脉动日食效应探讨甚低纬Pc3-4地磁脉动源

在3次日食期间,利用甚低纬区和从低纬到甚低纬过渡区地面站进行的地磁脉动观测资料,分析了Pc3-4地磁脉动的南北分量（H）和东西分量（D）在H-D平面内矢端图主轴方向的变化．结果表明,当观测点纬度低于日全食带纬度时,H-D矢端图主轴有90°相移现象;当观测点纬度高于日全食带纬度时,则无这种现象．由此我们推测,甚低纬区和从低纬到甚低纬过渡区Pc3-4地磁脉动可能主要是过滤机制产生的．     

低纬Pi2地磁脉动的多台观测

本文分析了1988年12月和1989年1月在长春、北京、兰州3个台站上观测的地磁脉动资料,研究了3个台站同时记录到的Pi2地磁脉动的频谱特征和偏振特性,进而对低纬Pi2地磁脉动的产生和传播机制做了理论研究.     

南级中山站地磁台的建设与观测研究

南极中山站于１９９１年３月建立临时地磁台，１９９２年２月建立正式地磁台，台上建有地磁观测室，记录室和各种探头室，它们均采用高架结构和用无磁性材料建成；能保温，防潮，防积雪和抗强风，１９９１￣１９９３年分别安装有数字化地磁仪，地磁脉动脉，哨声与ＶＬＦ仪和地震仪，并不断获得极区地磁与高空物理资料１９９１年与１９９２年中山站地磁观测报告已整成册，资料分析表明，极区地磁扰动与中低纬区地磁扰动特征有很大差异     

1997年3月9日漠河日全食期间地磁脉动的主要特征

１９９７年３月９日漠河日全食期间分别在漠河地磁台,北京怀柔地磁脉动站和三亚地磁台开展了地磁脉动的观测。本文重点分析了３月９日０７：００ＬＴ至１１：００ＬＴ日全食前后漠河地区地磁脉动的观测资料,研究了日全食期间地磁脉动的主要特征,并对日全食期间地磁脉动的激发机制做了较深入的人。     

1991年3月24日磁暴期间南极地区地磁脉动的分析

重点分析了1991年3月24日在南极中山站和长城站观测到的丰富的地磁脉动现象,给出了各种地磁脉动发生的时间和主要特征,并对两站各种地磁脉动做了比较分析．这不仅可以认识磁暴期间南极地区向日面与背日面、高纬与中纬地磁脉动的不同表现,也帮助我们了解南极地区磁暴期间地磁脉动形态和磁暴过程的关系。     

南极中山站地磁台的建设与观测研究

南极中山站于1991年3月建立临时地磁台，1992年2月建立正式地磁台，台上建有地磁观测室、记录室和各种探头室．它们均采用高架结构和用无磁性材料建成；能保温、防潮、防积雪和抗强风．1991～1993年分别安装有数字化地磁仪，地磁脉动仪，哨声与VLF仪和地震仪，并不断获得极区地磁与高空物理资料．1991年与1992年中山站地磁观测报告（第一卷与第二卷）已整理成册，资料分析表明，极区地磁扰动与中低纬区地磁扰动特征有很大差异，这些差异主要是由极区各种电流体系所造成．     

1990年3月21日磁暴期间的电离层响应

利用美、欧、日等国非相干散射雷达观测的离子速度,高纬地磁站链1 min分辨率H分量及多站地面电离层垂测h'F等多种资料,对高低纬电离层的磁层耦合响应进行事例分析.除常规地磁资料外,极光区两雷达站对F层离子速度的测量是考察高纬电离层对流的很有效手段.本次中强磁暴期间赤道环电流指数Dst的最小值为-136 nT,但其最大的离子速度却超过2500 m/s,双对流圈的西旋则约为30°.从此次事件中极光区两雷达站离子速度的连续观测,得出了物理上合理的电离层对流形态,此图象得到地磁站链记录的有力支持.本事例的中低纬电离层响应再次确认了磁层扰动从高纬向中低纬穿透的事实.此外,Arecibo非相干散射雷达站资料又进一步证明:在同一经度链附近,磁暴期夜间电离层垂测h'F的多站突增现象是东向扰动电场从高纬穿透到中低纬,再通过E×H垂直向上的等离子漂移,使F层底部上升的结果.本文用高、低纬台站的多种观测资料较好地分析了该典型电离层物理现象.     

低纬Pc3地磁脉动的东西方向传播特性

１９９６年１０月１０日至１１月２９日在地磁北纬２９．６°附近（Ｌ＝１．３）的喀什、安西和北京,沿东西方向建立了横跨４０．２°地理经度的地磁脉动观测台链．根据观测数据,分析研究了低纬Ｐｃ３脉动东西方向的传播特性和偏振特性．结论是上午以向西传播为主,下午以向东传播为主．白天偏振椭圆主轴方位方向以ＮＷ－ＳＥ为主,偏振方向以右旋为主．     

江苏地区地磁F、Z观测台网的试验与研究

本文介绍了江苏地区地磁(F、Z)观测台网的情况。对台网观测资料的精度进行了讨论。最后,为了探索与研究震磁关系,作者对以下问题阐述了自己的看法: 1、为捕捉地震前磁异常,有必要在地震监视地区建立简易的、长期的、密集的地磁台网; 2、在中低纬度地区应重视地磁垂直分量(Z)观测。     

基于地磁台站数据对磁暴期间环电流和场向电流的分布特征研究

磁暴的发生与环电流的变化密切相关.除了对称环电流外,部分环电流在磁暴的发展过程中也起到了重要的作用,同时部分环电流通过场向电流与极区电离层中的电流形成回路.本文应用INTERMAGNET地磁台网北半球中低纬区域地磁台站数据,对不同强度4个磁暴事件主相和恢复相期间部分环电流和场向电流的磁地方时分布进行了分析和讨论.对于每一个磁暴事件,在低纬地区（地磁纬度约0°—40°N）选用地磁经度上大致均匀的8个台站,通过坐标转换计算平行于磁偶极轴的地磁场水平分量H来分析磁暴期间环电流所引起的磁场扰动;在低纬地区8个台站的基础上增加中纬地区（地磁纬度约40°N—60°N）地磁经度上大致均匀的6个台站,计算地磁坐标系下地磁场东西分量Y来分析磁暴期间场向电流在中低纬地区引起的磁场扰动.结果表明,磁暴主相期间的部分环电流主要作用于磁地方时昏侧和夜侧扇区,并且主相和恢复相期间部分环电流引起的磁场变化随着磁暴级别的增大而增大;磁暴主相期间向下的场向电流多出现在夜侧至晨侧扇区,向上的场向电流多出现在昏侧至午后扇区,且中纬地区向下和向上场向电流的展布范围明显大于低纬地区;恢复相期间弱、中磁暴事件的场向电流呈现与部分环电流相同的减弱趋势,而强、大磁暴事件在恢复相末期场向电流引起的磁场变化明显不同于恢复相的其他时刻,这可能与高纬较强的亚暴活动有关.     

北京地区Pc3地磁脉动的偏振特征

本文对1986年1月北京地区Pc3地磁脉动进行了偏振特征的分析,分别找出了北京地区Pc3地磁脉动在磁静日期间和磁扰日期间偏振旋转方向随地方时变化的规律,以及偏振主轴方向随地方时变化的规律。 根据Pc3地磁脉动的偏振分析,可以了解北京地区Pc3脉动的激发机制,为进一步磁层诊断提供科学依据。     

Analysis on observational results of Pi2 geomagnetic pulsation in Henan region

IntroductionThere are many kinds of fluctuations in magnetosphere plasma, frequencies concerned are ofa broad range (10--3~106 Hi). Except for electro-magnetic waves (whistled, hydromagnetic wave Alven wave), there is static electric wave mode (plasma wave -- election acoustic wave, ionacoustic wave). Among them, a main fluctuation of hydromagnetic wave phenomena is geomagnetic pulsation. Dungey (1954) believed at first in 1954 that this kind of pulsations can be attributed to hydromagnetic w…     

Long-period geomagnetic pulsations in the quasi-conjugate arctic and antarctic regions during the magnetic storm of April 16–17, 1999

Based on the observations in six pairs of almost conjugate high-latitude stations in the Arctic and Antarctic regions, the spectral and spatial-temporal structures of long-period geomagnetic pulsations (f = 2–5 mHz) during the magnetic storm of April 16–17, 1999, which is characterized by a high (up to 20 nPa) solar wind dynamic pressure, have been studied. It has been indicated that the magnetic storm sudden commencement is accompanied by a symmetrical excitation of np pulsations near the dayside polar cusps with close amplitudes. Under the conditions when IMF B _z > 0 and B _y < 0, strong magnetic field variations with the periods longer than 15–20 min were observed only in the northern polar cap. When IMF B _z and B _y became close to zero, geomagnetic pulsation bursts in both hemispheres were registered simultaneously but differed in the spectral composition and spatial distribution. In the Northern Hemisphere, pulsations were as a rule observed in a more extensive latitude region than in the Southern Hemisphere. In the Northern Hemisphere, the oscillation amplitude maximum was observed at higher latitudes than in the Southern Hemisphere. The pulsation amplitude at geomagnetic latitude lower than 74° was larger in the Arctic Regions than in the Antarctic Regions. This can be explained by sharply different geographic longitudes in the polar cap and latitudes in the auroral zone, which results in a different ionospheric conductivity affecting the amplitude of geomagnetic pulsations.     

Wave structure of magnetic substorms at high latitudes

A new type of high-latitude magnetic bays is revealed at geomagnetic latitudes higher than 71°, called ??polar substorms.?? It is shown that polar substorms differ from both classical substorms and high-latitude geomagnetic disturbances of the type of polar boundary intensifications (PBIs). While classical substorms start at latitudes below 67° and then expand poleward, polar substorms start almost simultaneously in the evening-night polar region of the oval. In contrast to PBIs, accompanied by auroral streamers expanding southward, polar substorms are accompanied by auroral arcs quickly traveling northward. It is shown that polar substorms are observed before midnight (20?C22 MLT) under weak geomagnetic activity (Kp ?? 2) during the late recovery phase of a magnetic storm. It is shown that a typical feature of polar substorms is the simultaneous excitation of highly intensive Pi2 and Pi3 geomagnetic pulsations at high latitudes, which exceed the typical amplitude of these pulsations at auroral latitudes by more than an order of magnitude. The duration of pulsations is determined by the substorm duration, and their amplitude decreases sharply at geomagnetic latitudes below ??71°. It is suggested that pulsations reflect fluctuations in ionospheric currents connected with polar substorms.     

The recovery phase of the superstrong magnetic storm of July 15–17, 2000: Substorms and ULF pulsations

The geomagnetic observations, performed at the global network of ground-based observatories during the recovery phase of the superstrong magnetic storm of July 15–17, 2000 (Bastille Day Event, Dst = ?301 nT), have been analyzed. It has been indicated that magnetic activity did not cease at the beginning of the storm recovery phase but abruptly shifted to polar latitudes. Polar cap substorms were accompanied by the development of intense geomagnetic pulsations in the morning sector of auroral latitudes. In this case oscillations at frequencies of 1–2 and 3–4 mHz were observed at geomagnetic latitudes higher and lower than ～62°, respectively. It has been detected that the spectra of variations in the solar wind dynamic pressure and the amplitude spectra of geomagnetic pulsations on the Earth’s surface were similar. Wave activity unexpectedly appeared in the evening sector of auroral latitudes after the development of near-midnight polar substorms. It has been established that the generation of Pc5 pulsations (in this case at frequencies of 3–4 mHz) was spatially asymmetric about noon during the late stage of the recovery phase of the discussed storm as took place during the recovery phase of the superstrong storms of October and November 2003. Intense oscillations were generated in the morning sector at the auroral latitudes and in the postnoon sector at the subauroral and middle latitudes. The cause of such an asymmetry, typical of the recovery phase of superstrong magnetic storms, remains unknown.     

Pc3 pulsations during variable IMF conditions

Pc3 geomagnetic field fluctuations detected at low latitude (L’Aquila, Italy) during the passage of a high velocity solar wind stream, characterized by variable interplanetary magnetic field conditions, are analyzed. Higher frequency resonant fluctuations and lower frequency phenomena are simultaneously observed; the intermittent appearance and the variable frequency of the longer period modes can be well interpreted in terms of the variable IMF elements; moreover their polarization characteristics are consistent with an origin related to external waves propagating in antisunward direction. A comparison with simultaneous observations performed at Terra Nova Bay (Antarctica) provides additional evidence for a clear relationship between the IMF and Pc3 pulsations also at very high latitudes.     

电离密度分布对中低纬非导管哨声波传播的影响

本文在偶极子地磁模型和各种电离密度分布模型中,对中低纬非导管哨声波的传播特性进行了射线追踪研究。结果表明,地磁场位形及其引起的磁层等离子体的各向异性是决定哨声射线几何特征及速度结构的主要因素,而电离密度仅在一定程度上改变上述特征;电离层是形成哨声射线聚焦的主要原因;赤道异常和电离层显著地影响哨声波的到达纬度;哨声群时延和色散值主要决定于电离密度;中低纬非导管哨声近似符合Eckersley定律;电离层是决定波法线角能否满足透射条件的主要因素。     

Geophysical effects of the interplanetary magnetic cloud on October 18–19, 1995, as deduced from observations at Irkutsk

During an interaction of the Earth’s magnetosphere with the interplanetary magnetic cloud on October 18–19, 1995, a great magnetic storm took place. Extremely intense disturbances of the geomagnetic field and ionosphere were recorded at the midlatitude observatory at Irkutsk (Φ′≈45°, Λ′≈177°, L≈2) in the course of the storm. The most important storm features in the ionosphere and magnetic field are: a significant decrease in the geomagnetic field Z component during the storm main phase; unusually large amplitudes of geomagnetic pulsations in the Pi1 frequency band; extremely low values of critical frequencies of the ionospheric F2-layer; an appearance of intense E_s-layers similar to auroral sporadic layers at the end of the recovery phase. These magnetic storm manifestations are typical for auroral and subauroral latitudes but are extremely rare in middle latitudes. We analyze the storm-time midlatitude phenomena and attempt to explore the magnetospheric storm processes using the data of ground observations of geomagnetic pulsations. It is concluded that the dominant mechanism responsible for the development of the October 18–19, 1995 storm is the quasi-stationary transport of plasma sheet particles up to L≈2 shells rather than multiple substorm injections of plasma clouds into the inner magnetosphere.     

低纬Pi2地磁脉动和亚暴电流体系

本文试图建立一个产生低纬Pi2 脉动的亚暴三维电流体系模型.用这个模型可以模拟地球表面不同纬度和经度上记录的Pi2脉动的波形和偏振图,与低纬Pi2脉动的多台观测结果基本相符.从而定量地解释了Pi2脉动和亚暴电流体系的关系.