世界海洋大陆坡含油气性的前景

近年来巨大的烃类聚集几乎仅发现于大陆边缘的深水部分。因此很多研究者设想,超过90％尚未发现的烃类资源位于水深超过800m的地区,即大陆坡和坡脚部位。根据推测,世界海洋大陆坡范围内油气资源的分布如下：西非32％,墨西哥湾27％,巴西22％,西北欧8％,亚洲和太平洋7％,其他海区4％。     

中国沿海大陆架油气勘探开发现状及前景

综合我国沿海大陆架油气勘探开发现状,论证了我国沿海大陆油气地质的基本情况,分析了各同气区的资源潜力,指出了油气勘探开发的广阔前景。     

我国海洋油气勘探开发取得突破性进展（1997—1998年）

１９９７～１９９８年两年间,我国海洋油气勘探开发取得了历史性突破。主要表现在：油气资源新发现、钻井技术达到了世界先进水平、东海平湖油气田建成并开始供油、海上石油年产量创历史最高记录,尤其是天然气年产量达３８．６亿立方米,已占我国天然气总产量１８％以上...     

俄罗斯海洋大陆架油气资源现状与潜力探析

<正>俄罗斯具有丰富的海洋大陆架油气资源,为与俄罗斯建立良好的油气资源战略合作关系,作者对俄罗斯大陆架海洋油气资源量的分布、勘探程度、开发及投资趋势进行研究,发现俄罗斯海洋大陆架蕴藏着丰富的油气资源,其油气储量达1 000亿t油当量,其中石油占13%、天然气占87%,但分布明显     

南海油气资源综述及开发战略设想

南海是西北太平洋的边缘海之一,海底地形复杂,南、北宽而缓,东、西窄而陡,陆缘发育一系列沉积盆地。南海油气资源丰富,有"第二个波斯湾"之称。综合介绍了南海北部大陆架油气区,西沙、中沙远景区,深海区,礼乐-太平远景区和南海南部大陆架油气区的沉积盆地,并对这些沉积盆地的资源量和油气远景进行综述。按照对南海石油地质特征的认识,将海域分为油气生产区、远景区以及无远景区(深海区)三种类型。针对不同的区域,采取不同的开发战略设想。应该加速北部大陆架油气区这一海域油气资源的开发利用;西沙、中沙远景区经过地球物理勘探、区域研究,选准靶区,重点突破;在南沙海域,应遵循"主权属我,搁置争议,共同开发"的主张,调整战术,以我主动开发,代替对方单独开发,最好形成联合开发。     

南海油气资源及其开发展望

南海蕴藏着极其丰富的海洋资源，在已发现的各类资源中尤以石油天然气资源最为突出，引起了国际社会和南海周边的普遍关注。加快南海油气资源的开发，把海南建设成我国南海油气开发基地，不仅是海南依靠本省资源、区位优势，再创经济新的增长点的需要，更是国家维护南海海洋权益之必需。一、南海油气资源潜量与勘探状况丰富的南海油气资源主要蕴藏于南海大陆架海区，这已被近年油气勘探和开发的实践所证实。南海的油气资源不仅分布广，而且储量大。世界许多著名地质学家都认为南海是一个大有希望的具有石油储藏的远景较好的海区，它与东海等…     

洋底财富——油气资源

1、海底油气资源储量：许多海底区域的沉积岩中蕴藏着油、气资源。据美国统计，全世界有油气远景的沉积盆地面积7746．3万平方千米，其中位于海底区域的约2639．5万平方千米，占34％。     

渤海海洋油气资源开发利用与前景展望

在海洋经济产业构成中,海洋油气开发是新兴海洋产业。在渤海海洋经济构成中,海洋油气占渤海海洋经济比重的8.5%,占渤海新兴海洋产业构成的19.4%。渤海海洋油气资源的开发利用,不但能缓解我国油气安全问题,同时也为经济快速增长的渤海经济区的发展提供物质基础。一、渤海丰富的油气资源1. 油气资源总量渤海沉积盆地的生油凹陷面积大,有效勘探面积为5.3万km2,其中仅新生界生油岩层就厚达3 200 m,生油岩体约2.4万km3。2000年提出的预测资源量是97亿t。2. 已形成了油田产业群渤海在200万年以前,形成了蕴藏丰富油气资源的渤海沉积盆地。在渤海海…     

21世界俄罗斯北极海陆架区的含油气性

据预测,80％以上的俄罗斯大陆架油气资源都集中在北极海区,而海洋地质部门向俄罗斯联邦提供经济安全保证最现实的任务就是为工业开发陆架区准备油气资源。俄罗斯北极海陆架区的地质研究史还不到半个世纪,只是在上世纪50～60年代,北极地质科学研究所的研究人员开始采集并研究底质样品,并走向海区,进行了第1批航空和冰上地球物理测量工作。在这些信息的基础上,再加上北极地质科学研究所石油工作者集体积累的对北极海沿岸和海岛区的地质知识,     

北极地区油气资源的空间分布状况及特征分析

近年来,北极地区油气资源备受瞩目,北极地区油气资源开发利用开展得如火如荼,为北极国家能源产量增长带来了新的契机。文章以北极国家为出发点,采用文献梳理法,系统研究俄罗斯、美国、挪威、加拿大等北极国家在北极地区的油气资源勘探、开发情况;采用统计分析法,分析北极地区待发现油气资源与已发现油气资源的空间分布特征。研究发现,北极地区的油气资源在空间上呈现出极不均衡的特点。伴随着油气勘探技术的突破以及北极航道的逐渐开通,北极国家纷纷加快北极地区油气开发活动的进程,目前北极国家油气开发活动主要在陆地,而未来将逐步迈向北极近海。中国作为北极事物的重要利益攸关方,可以积极与北极国家开展合作,进而参与到北极地区油气资源的开发进程。     

Size-fractionated uranium isotopes in surface waters in the Jiulong Estuary in China

Surface water was collected from the Jiulong Estuary for determination of activity concentrations of uranium isotopes in different size fractions, namely, greater than 53, 10 -53, 2 - 10, 0.4 -2 μm, 10 000 u -0.4 μm and less than 10 000 u fractions by microfihration and cross-flow uhrafiltration technologies. Results indicated that most of the dissolved uranium （ 〈 0.4 μm） exis- ted in the low molecular mass fraction （ 〈 10 000 u）, and the colloidal uranium-238 （10 000 u -0.4 μm） only contributed less than 1% of the dissolved uranium-238. The fractions of colloidal uranium in the dissolved phases decreased with the increasing sa- linity. A positive linear relationship between uranium-238 activities and salinities was observed for the dissolved, colloidal and low molecular mass fractions, indicating a conservative behavior of uranium in the Jiulong Estuary. In the particulate phases （ 〉 0.4 μm）, the partitioning of uranium isotopes among different size fractions was controlled by the partitioning of particle concentrations. In the regions with salinities below 20, the partitioning of uranium-238 among different size fractions was as follows： 10 - 53 μm 〉 2 - 10 μm 〉 0.4 - 2 μm greater than above 53 μm. However, the order at the offshore station with salinities above 30 changed as follows ： 0.4 - 2 μm 〉 10 - 53 μm 〉 2 - 10 μm greater than above 53 μm. The fraction of the 0.4 - 2 μm particles increased at the offshore station, suggesting the increased contribution of the authigenic uranium. The activity ratio of uranium-234 to uranium-238 in the dissolved phases, including the low molecular mass fraction and the colloidal fraction, was larger than unity, showing the occurrence of excess uranium-234. In contrast, the activity ratio of uranium-234 to uranium-238 in all size fractions of the particulate phase was close to the equilibrium value （1.0）. The observed different values of the activity ratio of uranium-234 to uranium-238 in the dissolved phase and the partic     

夏季珠江口沉积物中营养盐剖面分布和界面交换通量

通过对夏季珠江口区域沉积物间隙水营养盐剖面分析,调查了营养盐含量分布和特征,探讨了有机物的降解特性、营养盐的底部通量估算和作用.结果表明,珠江口沉积物间隙水中营养盐以高含量铵盐为主要的存在形式,沉积物中有机物的降解反应主要在厌氧状态下进行,底部水体铵盐的增加来源于底部沉积物有机质的降解释放,而且对水体的营养盐循环有较大的贡献.     

Recent progress in submarine geosciences in China

In China submarine geosciences represents a newly established discipline of oceanography, focusing on the oceanic lithosphere, and its interface with the hydrosphere and biosphere. Recently, supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program and other high-tech development projects, significant progress has been made in the development of advanced technologies and equipment. This en- ables the scientists in China to carry out explorations of the international seabed area in the Pacific Ocean and on the Southwest Indian Ridge. In addition, they have been active in the research activities associated the mid-ocean ridges and western Pacific marginal seas. It is anticipated that this research field will continue to be highly fruitful in the near future.     

湄洲湾夏季的初级生产力

湄洲湾１９９２年夏季的叶绿素ａ，三磷酸腺苷，碳比积累速率，初级生产力的变化范围和均值分别为０．４５－４．７２，１．４９ｍｇ／ｍ＾３；０．１２－１．０７，０．３１μｇ／ｄｍ＾３；０．０６－０．５８，０．３４ｄ＾－１；０．０７－０．３４，０．２１ｍ／（ｍ＾２．ｄ）。叶绿素ａ与三磷酸腺苷之间。初级生产力与碳比积累速率之间均呈正相关关系。叶绿素ａ三磷本能腺苷的比值为４．８，湄洲湾夏季浮游植物的生长受氮不足     

Challenges in cross-sectoral marine protection in Europe

Marine environment protection in Europe faces a number of challenges. One is the coordination of relevant sectoral policies — such as agricultural and fisheries policies — with regard to marine protection objectives. The question in the following is on how marine protection issues can be more closely integrated in sectoral policies under the conditions prevailing at present. In particular the strength and weaknesses of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) as the key instrument for marine environment protection in Europe are analyzed in this context. In particular, the MSFD does not adequately address all sectors and policies which are relevant to marine environment protection. One possible means of giving the MSFD greater influences on other policies of relevance to marine waters is to integrate the objectives established under the MSFD in the European maritime policy. The aim should be to require the further development of sectoral policies to take unrestricted account of the objectives of the MSFD implementation process. But also other instruments of marine policy such as maritime spatial planning and marine protected areas are crucial to advance the protection of European seas.     

Recent advances in marine technology in Canada

Much of the recent Canadian activity in marine technology has focused on development of capabilities in Arctic waters, and on the update and replacement of naval vessels. This paper describes some of the significant projects and programs now under way, and suggests future research and development requirements.     

一氧化氮在浮游植物中的研究进展

对一氧化氮在浮游植物中的研究进展进行了归纳,总结了一氧化氮对浮游植物生长的影响,探讨了浮游植物中一氧化氮的产生机制,并对今后的研究重点提出展望。     

Seasonality in nutrient concentrations in Galveston Bay

In order to investigate factors controlling nutrient cycling in the shallow and turbid coastal ecosystem of Galveston Bay, data from: (1) the Texas Water Commission (TWC) database 1980–1989, and (2) salinity transects in 1989 and 1993 are presented and analyzed. Statistical regression and time-series analysis were carried out on data acquired by TWC between 1980 and 1989, in an attempt to establish seasonally of nutrient and chlorophyll-a (chl.-a.) concentrations in the bay and to determine factors which regulate these concentrations.A strong seasonality was found for phosphorus and chl.-a. in the upper and mid-bay stations. A recurring maximum for phosphate occurred in September and a chl.-a. maximum occurred regularly in March–April. It is hypothesized that benthic regeneration of phosphorus at the end of summer is responsible for the phosphate maximum. The inverse correlation of the partition coefficient (K_d) for phosphate with the concentration of suspended particulate matter (SPM), coupled to a strong enrichment of phosphate in suspended particles at low SPM concentrations, indicates additional control by geochemical and physical processes such as particle sorting and/or particle-colloid interactions. Nitrate is inversely correlated with salinity at the upper and mid-bay stations, indicating the Trinity River is a major source.Nutrient concentrations in the lower bay (East and West Bay stations) are considerably lower and less predictable, as they are not correlated with salinity or temperature. Data from the 1989 and 1993 transects confirm the yearly maximum in phosphate concentration in late summer months, with peak concentrations in the upper Trinity Bay. It is concluded that despite possible phosphate buffering by physical and geochemical mechanisms, relatively large concentration maxima recur regularly every year during the summer, possibly caused by a benthic source of phosphate.     

Mesozooplankton in the Arctic Ocean in summer

The biomass, species and chemical composition of the mesozooplankton and their impact on lower food levels were estimated along a transect across the Arctic Ocean. Mesozooplankton biomass in the upper 200 m of the water column was significantly higher (19–42 mg DW m^-3) than has previously been reported for the Arctic Ocean, and it reached a maximum at ca. 87°N in the Amundsen Basin. The lowest values were recorded in the Chukchi Sea and Nansen Basin, where ice cover was lower (50–80%) than in the central Arctic Ocean. In the deeper strata (200–500 m) of the Canadian and Eurasian Basins, the biomass was always much lower (4.35–16.44 mg DW m^-3). The C/N (g/g) ratio for the mesozooplankton population was high (6.5–8.5) but within the documented range. These high values (when compared to 4.5 at lower latitudes) may be explained by the high lipid content. Mesozooplankton accounted for approximately 40% of the total particulate organic carbon in the upper 100 m of the water column. Mesozooplankton species composition was homogeneous along the transect, consisting mainly of copepods (70–90% of the total number). It was dominated by four large copepod species (Calanus hyperboreus, C. glacialis, C. finmarchicus and Metridia longa), which together accounted for more than 80% of the total biomass. According to measurements of gut pigment and gut turnover rates, the mesozooplankton on average ingested between 6 and 30% of their body carbon per day as phytoplankton. Microzooplankton may have provided an additional source of energy for the mesozooplankton community. These data emphasize the importance of mesozooplankton in the arctic food web and reinforce the idea that the Arctic Ocean should no longer be considered to be a “biological desert”.