基于单个GPS/BDS信标台增强的实时精密单点定位

随着IGS实时服务的推广,实时轨道、钟差产品可用于实时PPP;然而,在一些通讯条件差的地方,如偏远山区和广袤的海洋,差分信号的播发与接收仍然是实时PPP的障碍。文中提出一种基于单个GPS/BDS信标台的实时PPP定位方法:基站采用广播星历和无电离层伪距、相位观测值,实时估计耦合轨道、钟误差;单向通讯的方式播发给用户端,减小通讯量,提高用户端的定位性能。经过分别距参考站约200km和300km的流动站进行验证,通过约10~12min收敛,GPS/BDS组合可得到水平优于20cm的定位精度。本案验证了采用广播星历进行实时PPP的可行性,为海洋和偏远地区提供一种高精度定位方法。     

星基增强信号的GPS实时精密单点定位算法

针对现有基于网络和数据流量的实时精密单点定位应用中改正信息传播覆盖范围有限及信号延迟等问题,该文提出了一种新的基于GPS增强信号的实时精密单点定位算法。利用增强频段播发精密轨道、钟差产品有效地解决了传统改正信息传递过程中覆盖范围小与信号延迟的问题,极大地提高了实时改正产品的覆盖范围与时效性。基于亚太地区多个测站准实测数据的实验结果表明:基于LEX增强信息的实时动态和静态精密单点定位解算可分别实现分米级和厘米级的定位精度,显示了利用LEX增强信号进行实时高精度定位的可行性。     

Real-time multi-GNSS single-frequency precise point positioning

GPS Solutions - Precise Point Positioning (PPP) is a popular Global Positioning System (GPS) processing strategy, thanks to its high precision without requiring additional GPS infrastructure....     

Real-time single-frequency precise point positioning: accuracy assessment

The performance of real-time single-frequency precise point positioning is demonstrated in terms of position accuracy. This precise point positioning technique relies on predicted satellite orbits, predicted global ionospheric maps, and in particular on real-time satellite clock estimates. Results are presented using solely measurements from a user receiver on the L1-frequency (C1 and L1), for almost 3?months of data. The empirical standard deviations of the position errors in North and East directions are about 0.15?m, and in Up direction about 0.30?m. The 95% errors are about 0.30?m in the horizontal directions, and 0.65?m in the vertical. In addition, single-frequency results of six receivers located around the world are presented. This research reveals the current ultimate real-time single-frequency positioning performance. To put these results into perspective, a case study is performed, using a moderately priced receiver with a simple patch antenna.     

Triple-frequency GPS precise point positioning with rapid ambiguity resolution

At present, reliable ambiguity resolution in real-time GPS precise point positioning (PPP) can only be achieved after an initial observation period of a few tens of minutes. In this study, we propose a method where the incoming triple-frequency GPS signals are exploited to enable rapid convergences to ambiguity-fixed solutions in real-time PPP. Specifically, extra-wide-lane ambiguity resolution can be first achieved almost instantaneously with the Melbourne-Wübbena combination observable on L2 and L5. Then the resultant unambiguous extra-wide-lane carrier-phase is combined with the wide-lane carrier-phase on L1 and L2 to form an ionosphere-free observable with a wavelength of about 3.4 m. Although the noise of this observable is around 100 times the raw carrier-phase noise, its wide-lane ambiguity can still be resolved very efficiently, and the resultant ambiguity-fixed observable can assist much better than pseudorange in speeding up succeeding narrow-lane ambiguity resolution. To validate this method, we use an advanced hardware simulator to generate triple-frequency signals and a high-grade receiver to collect 1-Hz data. When the carrier-phase precisions on L1, L2 and L5 are as poor as 1.5, 6.3 and 1.5 mm, respectively, wide-lane ambiguity resolution can still reach a correctness rate of over 99 % within 20 s. As a result, the correctness rate of narrow-lane ambiguity resolution achieves 99 % within 65 s, in contrast to only 64 % within 150 s in dual-frequency PPP. In addition, we also simulate a multipath-contaminated data set and introduce new ambiguities for all satellites every 120 s. We find that when multipath effects are strong, ambiguity-fixed solutions are achieved at 78 % of all epochs in triple-frequency PPP whilst almost no ambiguities are resolved in dual-frequency PPP. Therefore, we demonstrate that triple-frequency PPP has the potential to achieve ambiguity-fixed solutions within a few minutes, or even shorter if raw carrier-phase precisions are around 1 mm. In either case, we conclude that the efficiency of ambiguity resolution in triple-frequency PPP is much higher than that in dual-frequency PPP.     

GPS静态精密单点定位算法精度分析

采用精密轨道和钟差,利用Bernese软件解算得到亚洲地区13个IGS跟踪站的站坐标、对流层ZTD和接收机钟差,将解算的结果与CODE发布的结果对比发现：静态PPP算法解算的N方向收敛精度明显优于E方向和U方向,4~6 h后,坐标偏差在1 cm左右;NEU RMS均值分别为0.45、0.29、0.69 cm,ZTD RMS均值为0.85 cm,接收机钟差RMS均值为0.14 ns。试验表明：精密单点定位算法具有较高的精度和可靠性,可为实际工程测量及相关地球物理信号研究提供理论依据。     

Ambiguity resolved precise point positioning with GPS and BeiDou

This paper focuses on the contribution of the global positioning system (GPS) and BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS) observations to precise point positioning (PPP) ambiguity resolution (AR). A GPS + BDS fractional cycle bias (FCB) estimation method and a PPP AR model were developed using integrated GPS and BDS observations. For FCB estimation, the GPS + BDS combined PPP float solutions of the globally distributed IGS MGEX were first performed. When integrating GPS observations, the BDS ambiguities can be precisely estimated with less than four tracked BDS satellites. The FCBs of both GPS and BDS satellites can then be estimated from these precise ambiguities. For the GPS + BDS combined AR, one GPS and one BDS IGSO or MEO satellite were first chosen as the reference satellite for GPS and BDS, respectively, to form inner-system single-differenced ambiguities. The single-differenced GPS and BDS ambiguities were then fused by partial ambiguity resolution to increase the possibility of fixing a subset of decorrelated ambiguities with high confidence. To verify the correctness of the FCB estimation and the effectiveness of the GPS + BDS PPP AR, data recorded from about 75 IGS MGEX stations during the period of DOY 123-151 (May 3 to May 31) in 2015 were used for validation. Data were processed with three strategies: BDS-only AR, GPS-only AR and GPS + BDS AR. Numerous experimental results show that the time to first fix (TTFF) is longer than 6 h for the BDS AR in general and that the fixing rate is usually less than 35 % for both static and kinematic PPP. An average TTFF of 21.7 min and 33.6 min together with a fixing rate of 98.6 and 97.0 % in static and kinematic PPP, respectively, can be achieved for GPS-only ambiguity fixing. For the combined GPS + BDS AR, the average TTFF can be shortened to 16.9 min and 24.6 min and the fixing rate can be increased to 99.5 and 99.0 % in static and kinematic PPP, respectively. Results also show that GPS + BDS PPP AR outperforms single-system PPP AR in terms of convergence time and position accuracy.     

基于GPS单频接收机的精密单点定位研究

介绍了利用单频GPS接收机进行精密单点定位的数学模型及解算方案,并采用选权拟合法得到比较准确的状态参数初值及其方差-协方差,加快了卡尔曼滤波的收敛。算例结果表明,利用精密卫星星历及卫星钟改正数并采用单频观测值,半个小时后的定位精度可达1~2分米的水平。     

Generating GPS satellite fractional cycle bias for ambiguity-fixed precise point positioning

With the development of precise point positioning (PPP), the School of Geodesy and Geomatics (SGG) at Wuhan University is now routinely producing GPS satellite fractional cycle bias (FCB) products with open access for worldwide PPP users to conduct ambiguity-fixed PPP solution. We provide a brief theoretical background of PPP and present the strategies and models to compute the FCB products. The practical realization of the two-step (wide-lane and narrow-lane) FCB estimation scheme is described in detail. With GPS measurements taken in various situations, i.e., static, dynamic, and on low earth orbit (LEO) satellites, the quality of FCB estimation and the effectiveness of PPP ambiguity resolution (AR) are evaluated. The comparison with CNES FCBs indicated that our FCBs had a good consistency with the CNES ones. For wide-lane FCB, almost all the differences of the two products were within ±0.05 cycles. For narrow-lane FCB, 87.8 % of the differences were located between ±0.05 cycles, and 97.4 % of them were located between ±0.075 cycles. The experimental results showed that, compared with conventional ambiguity-float PPP, the averaged position RMS of static PPP can be improved from (3.6, 1.4, 3.6) to (2.0, 1.0, 2.7) centimeters for ambiguity-fixed PPP. The average accuracy improvement in the east, north, and up components reached 44.4, 28.6, and 25.0 %, respectively. A kinematic, ambiguity-fixed PPP test with observation of 80 min achieved a position accuracy of better than 5 cm at the one-sigma level in all three coordinate components. Compared with the results of ambiguity-float, kinematic PPP, the positioning biases of ambiguity-fixed PPP were improved by about 78.2, 20.8, and 65.1 % in east, north, and up. The RMS of LEO PPP test was improved by about 23.0, 37.0, and 43.0 % for GRACE-A and GRACE-B in radial, tangential, and normal directions when AR was applied to the same data set. These results demonstrated that the SGG FCB products can be produced with high quality for users anywhere around the world to carry out ambiguity-fixed PPP solutions.     

基准站辅助的区域实时精密单点定位

针对常规实时精密单点定位(PPP)精度低、稳定性差的问题,该文采用附加基准站改正信息的精密单点定位算法,开展了基准站辅助的区域实时PPP应用研究.依托山东省卫星定位连续运行综合应用服务系统(SDCORS),采用IGU预报星历和钟差产品获取实时卫星轨道和钟差改正,探讨站间距、不同基准站、单/双基准站等对区域实时PPP的影响.实验结果表明,以事后PPP单天解坐标为参考,基准站辅助的流动站实时PPP坐标分量和点位平均精度均可达到厘米级水平;流动站实时PPP定位精度与站间距没有明显的相关性;基准站的选择对区域实时PPP结果略有影响,附加双基准站改正的PPP相比于单基准站改正PPP的结果更优,点位精度平均提升约8.6％.     

Regional reference network augmented precise point positioning for instantaneous ambiguity resolution

Integer ambiguity fixing can significantly shorten the initialization time and improve the accuracy of precise point positioning (PPP), but it still takes approximate 15 min of time to achieve reliable integer ambiguity solutions. In this contribution, we present a new strategy to augment PPP estimation with a regional reference network, so that instantaneous ambiguity fixing is achievable for users within the network coverage. In the proposed method, precise zero-differenced atmospheric delays are derived from the PPP fixed solution of the reference stations, which are disseminated to, and interpolated at user stations to correct for L1, L2 phase observations or their combinations. With the corrected observations, instantaneous ambiguity resolution can be carried out within the user PPP software, thus achieving the position solutions equivalent to the network real-time kinematic positioning (NRTK). The strategy is validated experimentally. The derived atmospheric delays and the interpolated corrections are investigated. The ambiguity fixing performance and the resulted position accuracy are assessed. The validation confirms that the new strategy can provide comparable service with NRTK. Therefore, with this new processing strategy, it is possible to integrate PPP and NRTK into a seamless positioning service, which can provide an accuracy of about 10 cm anywhere, and upgrade to a few centimeters within a regional network.     

抗差自适应卡尔曼滤波在GPS精密单点定位中的应用

卡尔曼滤波是GPS精密单点定位中最常用的参数估计方法.理论上讲,随着观测数据的增多,通过卡尔曼滤波可以得到更精确的状态估值,但有时由于状态异常或发生大的周跳等原因,使得状态估值与实际状态之间的误差较大,滤波会发生发散现象,为此,本文提出了将抗差自适应滤波模型运用到精密单点定位中,通过算例分析显示,该方法将显著提高定位结...     

GPS/GLONASS组合精密单点定位性能分析

本文利用IGS 5个站的观测数据分7个时段进行了GPS/GLONASS组合精密单点定位计算,与单独GPS精密单点定位的结果在精度和收敛时间方面进行了性能比较。结果表明,在当前GPS卫星数量充足的情况下,增加少量的GLONASS卫星对定位精度的提高帮助不大,但能显著改善滤波收敛的时间。     

GPS inter-frequency clock bias modeling and prediction for real-time precise point positioning

To ensure the consistent use of the current GPS precise satellite clock products, the inter-frequency clock bias (IFCB) should be carefully considered for triple-frequency precise point positioning (PPP). It is beneficial to investigate the modeling of the IFCB for multi-frequency PPP, especially for real-time users suffering from difficulties in real-time IFCB estimations. Our analysis is based on datasets from 129 stations spanning a whole year. A harmonic analysis is performed for all single-day IFCB time series, and periodic IFCB variations with periods of 12, 8, 6, 4.8, 4 and 3 h are identified. An empirical model composed of a sixth-order harmonic function and a linear function is presented to describe daily variations in the IFCB, and the modeling accuracy is 4 mm. A least squares fit is adopted to estimate the single-day harmonic coefficients phase and amplitude. The prediction accuracy of the IFCB models degrades from 7.2 to 12.3 mm when the time span of prediction is increased from a day to a week. When using IFCB models of the previous day to obtain the IFCB correction values, the positioning accuracy of triple-frequency PPP is improved by 21, 11 and 16% over the triple-frequency PPP neglecting the IFCB in the post-processing mode in the east, north and up directions, respectively. As to the real-time triple-frequency PPP, the corresponding accuracy improvement is 24, 9 and 10% in the three directions, respectively.     

GPS、BDS、GPS+BDS精密单点定位精度评估

由于北斗系统卫星正式完成组网,因此有必要对BDS系统性能进行精度评估与分析.本文选取了MGEX网所采集的31 d观测数据,对比分析了GPS、BDS、GPS+BDS不同情况下静态与动态精密单点定位精度.试验结果表明,GPS和BDS单系统静态PPP在N、E、U方向上的精度分别优于4、4、7 cm;GPS+BDS组合系统静态...     

Real-time precise point positioning augmented with high-resolution numerical weather prediction model

GPS Solutions - The tropospheric delay is one of the major error sources in precise point positioning (PPP), affecting the accuracy and precision of estimated coordinates and convergence time,...     

基于单频GPS精密单点定位算法研究

研究单频GPS精密单点定位的算法,包括单频精密单点定位的回归方程及卡尔曼滤波用于单频精密单点定位.探讨卡尔曼滤波的观测方程和状态方程,给出状态转移矩阵及系统噪声矩阵.通过算例验证在1 s采样率的情况下,定位达到了分米级的精度.     

精密单点定位技术在高精度GPS网数据处理中的应用探讨

本文通过对韶关市基础控制网改造中的GPS框架网的数据分别采用GAMIT解算基线的相对定位方法以及采用静态精密单点定位技术两种不同的方法分别进行了解算,解算结果表明,两种方法获得的结果是一致的.