SWY-Ⅱ型水位传感器的校准方法研究

提出一种水位传感器准确度的实验室校准方法,并结合地震台站的实际观测情况,对实验室校准方法进行改进,提出一种地震台站现场水位传感器的校准方法。通过地震台站现场校准方法的提出,从原理上基本解决了由于现场环境因素、压敏元件的非线性因素给水位观测带来的系统误差。     

力平衡式加速度传感器的性能评价方法

以SLJ-100型力平衡式加速度传感器为例,介绍了力平衡式加速度传感器的工作原理及系统动力方程。基于系统动力方程,计算了功能试验响应及频率响应,以功能试验为基础,建立一套确定传感器固有频率及阻尼比值的方法。分析试验结果表明,阻尼比值对传感器的幅频特性及相频特性具显著影响,其最佳选择范围为0.68~0.70。最后以传感器的自振特性及性能评价为基础,提出了基于功能试验的力平衡式加速度传感器的性能评价方法。     

应用低频信号提高高速玄武岩下的成像质量

针对高速玄武岩屏蔽层下深层成像困难的实际问题,采用波动方程波场数值模拟技术,根据玄武岩地层的特点,设计三个相应的简单高速玄武岩模型,通过对深层反射地震信号能量的分析,说明了低频地震信号既具有较强的穿透薄高速玄武岩屏蔽层的能力,也具有减弱因粗糙表面所产生的绕射噪音的能力。一个完整的2D玄武岩模型的模拟试验证明了利用低频信号可以提高高速玄武岩屏蔽层下深层成像的质量,实际资料的低通滤波处理也取得了预期的效果。     

煤矿井水位观测资料中微弱孕震信息的提取

采用自适应技术，从陶庄煤矿区鲁１５井的水位观测资料中提取了ＭＬ＝１－２矿震前微弱的前兆信息，为矿震预报提供了有用方法。     

Improving the Quality of Municipal Solid Waste Compost by Using Expanded Perlite and Natural Zeolite

The scope of this study was to investigate the effects of natural zeolite and expanded perlite on the quality of municipal solid waste compost. Various ratios of the materials were added as supplements to the organic fraction of municipal solid waste. These applications were periodically compared with an untreated control process. The results obtained from experimental studies clearly showed that municipal solid waste collected from the metropolitan city center of Samsun, Turkey could not be composted without any additions due to the very high moisture content, which reached up to 75–80%. In the untreated control process, thermophilic temperatures were not supported during the composting. In this system, ammonia and other odors became a problem because of the high pH levels, and the electrical conductivity was too high for aged compost. However, the addition of natural zeolite and expanded perlite had a positive affect on the quality of the final compost. Natural zeolite trapped ammonium and reduced nitrogen losses from the compost. Expanded perlite held excess moisture and supported improved aeration. The results also indicated that the use of natural zeolite together with expanded perlite in municipal solid waste composting processes produced mature and stable compost.     

基于多种方法的宝坻新井水位异常分析

针对天津宝坻新井(117.4°E, 39.7°N)水位阶变异常, 选取该井及周边水体进行水化学分析, 结果表明宝坻新井水主要为大气降水成因, 存在一定的水岩作用, 周边水体与宝坻新井水之间没有明显水力联系; 采用有限单元法模拟了水坝泄水对宝坻新井的加卸载影响, 结果显示水坝泄水的应变量不足以引起宝坻新井水位的大幅阶变; 通过调和分析及含水层参数计算可知2017年以来宝坻新井潮汐参数及含水层水文介质参数未发生明显变化。 据此推测, 宝坻新井水位异常可能与局部应力小幅调整过程中宝坻断裂及其次级断裂蠕动有关。 本文采用的多种方法结合的异常分析思路可为今后判别地下水位异常干扰提供参考。     

Inorganic Water Quality Monitoring Using Specific Conductance in Mexico

Five inorganic geochemical data sets with ion balances less than or equal to 5% (for different hydrogeologic basins in Mexico) were used to construct specific conductance (SC) vs. total dissolved solids (TDS) curves for each aquifer. These curves allow one to proxy the specific conductance for inorganic water quality. The data from these five curves were integrated to form a "global" curve for Mexico. The equation that defines the line is SC = 1.40 TDS + 18. We propose that, in addition to allowing ground water monitoring, establishing a SC vs. TDS curve may be implemented to monitor drinking water supplies such as wells and reservoirs. If anomalously high values are observed, this would warrant detailed geochemical sampling.     

一次气压扰动引起的水位变化

气压变化可引起井水位同步变化,这是水位观测的一种微动态,称为水位的气压效应,其量值用气压效率表示,即单位气压变化量引起井水位的变化量。2016年5月12日河北省多地普遍降温,降温幅度达5~11℃,降温的同时,气压大幅度上升,引起河北省地震地下流体观测井网多数井水位同步下降。利用这次气压快速上升及其相应的水位下降,计算了井网内12口观测井的气压效率。计算结果显示,多数井的气压效率与已有的研究结果基本相符,个别井孔的计算结果不符合井孔本身实际的气压效率。结果表明,应用气压扰动进行水位气压效率计算也是方法之一,但仅利用一次气压扰动,会造成计算结果的偶然性。     

Estimating Aquifer Properties Using Derivative Analysis of Water Level Time Series from Active Well Fields

Water level time series from groundwater production wells offer a transient dataset that can be used to estimate aquifer properties in areas with active groundwater development. This article describes a new parameter estimation method to infer aquifer properties from such datasets. Specifically, the method analyzes long‐term water level measurements from multiple, interacting groundwater production wells and relies on temporal water level derivatives to estimate the aquifer transmissivity and storativity. Analytically modeled derivatives are compared to derivatives calculated directly from the observed water level data; an optimization technique is used to identify best‐fitting transmissivity and storativity values that minimize the difference between modeled and observed derivatives. We demonstrate how the consideration of derivative (slope) behavior eliminates uncertainty associated with static water levels and well‐loss coefficients, enabling effective use of water level data from groundwater production wells. The method is applied to time‐series data collected over a period of 6 years from a municipal well field operating in the Denver Basin, Colorado (USA). The estimated aquifer properties are shown to be consistent with previously published values. The parameter estimation method is further tested using synthetic water level time series generated with a numerical model that incorporates the style of heterogeneity that occurs in the Denver Basin sandstone aquifers.     

井水位地震效应特征研究

震后效应是较普遍和复杂的自然现象,各种物理、化学量的变化动态隐含着丰富的地壳活动的动力学信息,对其研究具有重要的理论和实际意义.本研究以典型观测井的水位震后效应为研究对象,分析震后效应的动态规律及其与构造应力环境的关系.系统的研究结果表明:①同一口井的震后效应方式与地震的强度和位置无关,对于同一口井不同地震引起的效应总是同向的,即总是上升或下降;②对于水位效应较显著震例,水位变化幅值与震级、距离之间具有很好的统计关系;③井点附近发生强震后的若干年内,井水位无后效,也就是说井水位响应灵敏度要受本地的应力状态的影响而随时间发生变化,本地发生中强以上地震后,响应灵敏度会降低;④对某些特定地区或方位的地震,井水位的后效幅值偏小.这些结果说明,井水位的地震后效除了与震级、距离有关外,更重要的是可能与水井所在地区的应力状态及地震波传播途径的地质背景有关.     

海南琼海加积井水位受万泉河水位的影响及震例分析

利用逐步回归法分析了琼海加积井受万泉河水影响的各因素,可知地下井水受河水的影响,其距离越近影响越大;在日均值数据背景下,相比固体潮、气压、降雨量,河水位对井水位的影响最大;河流潮汐与固体潮汐效应,以及河水位对地下井水影响的滞后时间在不同时期下是不同的。以2008年5月12日汶川8.0级地震为震例分析背景,得出井水位与万泉河水位小波细节3阶中在震前或震后均有较显著的震兆异常反应,值得跟踪类似的震兆异常。