Liquid compositions from low-pressure experimental melting of pelitic rock from Morton Pass, Wyoming, USA

Low‐pressure crystal‐liquid equilibria in pelitic compositions are important in the formation of low‐pressure, high‐temperature migmatites and in the crystallization of peraluminous leucogranites and S‐type granites and their volcanic equivalents. This paper provides data from vapour‐present melting of cordierite‐bearing pelitic assemblages and augments published data from vapour‐present and vapour‐absent melting of peraluminous compositions, much of which is at higher pressures. Starting material for the experiments was a pelitic rock from Morton Pass, Wyoming, with the major assemblage quartz‐K feldspar‐biotite‐cordierite, approximately in the system KFMASH. A greater range in starting materials was obtained by addition of quartz and sillimanite to aliquots of this rock. Sixty‐one experiments were carried out in cold‐seal apparatus at pressures of 1–3.5 kbar (particularly 2 kbar) and temperatures from 700 to 840 °C, with and without the addition of water. In the vapour‐present liquidus relations at 2 kbar near the beginning of melting, the sequence of reactions with increasing temperature is: Qtz + Kfs + Crd + Sil + Spl + V = L; Qtz + Kfs + Crd + Spl + Ilm + V = Bt + L; and Qtz + Bt + V = Crd + Opx + Ilm + L. Vapour‐absent melting starts at about 800 °C with a reaction of the form Qtz + Bt = Kfs + Crd + Opx + Ilm + L. Between approximately 1–3 kbar the congruent melting reaction is biotite‐absent, and biotite is produced by incongruent melting, in contrast to higher‐pressure equilibria. Low pressure melts from pelitic compositions are dominated by Qtz‐Kfs‐Crd. Glasses at 820–840 °C have calculated modes of approximately Qtz₄₂Kfs₄₆Crd₁₂. Granites or granitic leucosomes with more than 10–15% cordierite should be suspected of containing residual cordierite. The low‐pressure glasses are quite similar to the higher‐pressure glasses from the literature. However, X_Mg increases from about 0.1–0.3 with increasing pressure from 1 to 10 kbar, and the low‐temperature low‐pressure glasses are the most Fe‐rich of all the experimental glasses from pelitic compositions.     

Paleoenvironment of Jawa basalt plateau, Jordan, inferred from calcite speleothems from a lava tube

This paper explores the environmental conditions that faced the people of ancient Jawa during the Holocene, as well as previous prehistoric periods of the mid-late Pleistocene. Calcite speleothems in a lava tube are dated using the U-Th method, to marine oxygen isotope stage 7 from  250 to 240 ka and from  230 to  220 ka; and the stage 5/4 transition between  80 and 70 ka. The available evidence indicates general aridity of the Black Desert during most of the mid-late Quaternary, punctuated by short wetter periods, when the Mediterranean cyclonic systems intensified and penetrated the north Arabian Desert. These Mediterranean systems had a longer and more intense effect on the desert fringe closer to the Mediterranean and only rarely penetrated the Black Desert of Jawa. The results do not exclude some increase of rainfall which did not change water availability dramatically during the warm Holocene. The ancient Jawa city appears to have depended on technological ability to build elaborate runoff-collection systems, which became the prime condition for success.     

四川米易白马地区伟晶岩元素地球化学特征

伟晶岩在米易县白马地区广泛分布,研究岩体的元素地球化学对寻找新矿种具有很强的理论和现实意义。特别是研究岩体常量元素、铂族元素、稀土元素的地球化学特征,对伟晶岩体的找矿具有重要意义。     

阿克塞红柳沟纤蛇纹石矿物学特征研究

在对阿克塞红柳沟温石棉矿床的地质特征分析的基础上,采用XRF、XRD、FT-IR、SEM、TG-DTA等分析测试方法对4个纤蛇纹石样品进行了化学成分、晶体结构、谱学特征、显微形貌与理化性质研究。结果表明:纤蛇纹石样品的主要化学组成为SiO2、MgO,其次含有Al2O3、Fe2O3及少量的NiO等类质同象组分,为典型的斜纤蛇纹石结构,内外羟基伸缩振动和Si-O伸缩振动吸收峰尖锐、分裂明显,纤维形态表现为柔韧的丝状,结构破坏温度在650~700℃,酸蚀量在43.67%~59.89%之间,碱蚀量在2.72%~7.01%之间。矿床地质特征和纤蛇纹石的矿物学特征表明该矿床形成后遭受后期的地球化学作用破坏程度低,与纤蛇纹石共生的矿物较简单,纤蛇纹石纤维表面结构较完善。     

河北大庙Fe-Ti-P矿床中铁钛磷灰岩的成因: 来自磷灰石的证据

铁钛磷灰岩仅由磷灰石和铁钛氧化物组成,常赋存于岩体型斜长岩中,成因上有不混溶和分异堆晶两种不同的认识。本文从磷灰石角度讨论河北大庙铁钛磷灰岩的形成机制。大庙铁钛磷灰岩常产出于浸染状Fe—P矿体内部,有时与块状铁矿石交互出现形成韵律条带状矿石,为岩浆结晶分异的产物。铁钛磷灰岩中磷灰石呈浑圆状,含量变化于15％-34％。铁钛磷灰岩的全岩和磷灰石微量元素分析显示,磷灰石比全岩相对富集稀土元素达2．96—6．93倍,但两者的配分型式基本平行。质量平衡计算（Rocl／F）的结果表明,铁钛磷灰岩中几乎100％的稀土元素赋存于磷灰石中。综合上述特征,反映磷灰石为结晶分离的堆晶矿物,铁钛磷灰岩应为堆晶成因。因为如果磷灰石结晶于铁钛磷灰岩不混溶熔体,它的稀土元素分配系数也不会变化达2．3倍（变化于2．96—6．93）。计算出该磷灰石的母岩浆稀土元素组成,与浸染状Fe．P矿石最为相似,结合它与铁钛磷灰岩之间紧密共生的野外特征以及相似的全岩及磷灰石稀土元素配分型式,认为磷灰石最可能是在浸染状Fe．P矿浆中,经结晶分离作用形成铁钛磷灰岩。     

以改革为动力以创新求发展--机械工业第六设计研究院“三项制度”改革纪略

机械工业第六设计研究院原隶属于机械工业部,为事业单位,2000年10月转制后隶属于中国机械装备(集团)公司,为企业单位。该院现有在职员工459人,外聘人员300人,离退休人员356人,其中,中国工程院院士1人,中国工程设计大师2人,教授级高级工程师50人,高级工程师近260人,工程师300多人。该院是工业和民用建筑设计双甲级单位,并具有甲级工程总承包和工程监理资质。建院五十多年来,该院先后完成了5000余项大中型工业和民用建筑项目的设计和咨询,为我国国民经济建设和发展做出了卓越贡献。     

Tungsten-bearing baotite from Pierrefitte,Pyrenees, France

Summary Baotite occurs in the Garaoulére orebody, at Pierreftte, France, as an accessory mineral, included in alstonite and celsian, and associated with sphalerite, galena, pyrite, siderite and calcite in hydrothermal veins crosscutting calcareous, rutile-bearing, siltstones. Microprobe analyses revealed high W0₃ concentrations (up to 6 wt.%) in baotite. The empirical formula of W-rich baotite is Ba_3.959Ti₄(Ti_3.169W_0.393Fe_0.116Al_0.073 Cr_0.048Nb_0.024)_3.823 Si_4.05O₂₈Cl_1.166. The excess of charges due to the presence of W⁶⁺ and Nb⁵⁺ is compensated by the introduction of M³⁺ (Fe, Al, Cr) into Ti-octahedra, by the appearance of Al in Si-tetrahedra (for W-poor baotite) and by the appearance of vacancies in Ti-octahedra (3Ti⁴ -> 2W⁶⁺ + and in Ba-sites (Ti⁴⁺ Ba²⁺ W⁶⁺, ). The unit-cell parameters of W-rich baotite are: a = 19.92(2), c = 5.930(8) Å. Niobium-rich baotites (Baiyun-Obo,Semenov et al., 1961; Karlstein,Nmec, 1987) are characterized by substitutions: Ti⁴⁺(VI), Si⁴⁺(IV)Nb⁵⁺(VI), Al³⁺(IV) and 2Ti⁴⁺, Ba²⁺ 2Nb⁵⁺, .

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Wolfram führender Baotit von Pierrefitte, Pyrenäen, Frankreich

Zusammenfassung Baotit kommt in dem Garaoulére Erzkórper in Pierrefitte, Frankreich als ein akzessorisches Mineral in Einschlÿussen in Alstonit und Celsian vor. Er ist mit Zinkblende, Bleiglanz, Pyrit, Siderit und Calcit assoziiert. Diese Paragenese ist an hydrothermale Gänge gebunden, die kalkige rutil-führende Siltsteine durchsetzen. Mikrosondenanalysen zeigen hohe W0₃ Gehalte (bis zu 6 Gew.%) in Baotit. Die empirische Formel von wolfram-reichem Baotit ist: Ba_3.959Ti₄(Ti_3.169W_0.393Fe_0.116Al_0.073Cr_0.048Nb_0.024)_3.823 Si_4.05O₂₈Cl_1.66. Der durch die Anwesenheit von W⁶⁺ und Nb⁵⁺ erforderliche Ladungsausgleich ergibt sich durch das Eintreten von M³⁺ (Fe, Al; Cr) in Ti-Oktaeder, und von Al in Si-Tetraeder (für W-armen Baotit) und schließlich durch das Erscheinen von Leerstellen in Ti-Oktaedern (3Ti⁴⁺ 2W6+ + und in Ba-Stellen (Ti⁴⁺, Ba` W⁶⁺, Die Zellparameter von ldW-reichem Baotit sind: a = 19.92(2), c = 5.930(8) Å. Niob-reiche Baotite (Baiyun-Obo, Semenov et al., 1961; Karlstein, Nmec, 1987) sind durch Substitutionen charakterisiert: Ti⁴⁺(VI), Si⁴⁺(IV)Nb⁵⁺(VI), Al³⁺(IV) und 2Ti⁴⁺, Ba²⁺ 2Nb⁵⁺, .

     

我国云南江城氯氧镁铝石的研究

氯氧镁铝石(Koenenite)是一种少见矿物,最初发现于德国Gttingen。后来,F.里勒(F.Rinne)、R.库恩(R.Kühn)、H.-H.洛斯(H.-H.Lohse)、R.奥勒曼)R.Allmann)等人先后都作过报导,而在我国还是首次发现。氯氧镁铝石结构比较特殊,性质上是一个多变的矿物。     

A 2200-yr record of hydrologic variability from Foy Lake, Montana, USA, inferred from diatom and geochemical data

A 2200-yr long, high-resolution (∼5 yr) record of drought variability in northwest Montana is inferred from diatoms and δ¹⁸O values of bio-induced carbonate preserved in a varved lacustrine core from Foy Lake. A previously developed model of the diatom response to lake-level fluctuations is used to constrain estimates of paleolake levels derived from the diatom data. High-frequency (decadal) fluctuations in the de-trended δ¹⁸O record mirror variations in wet/dry cycles inferred from Banff tree-rings, demonstrating the sensitivity of the oxygen-isotope values to changes in regional moisture balance. Low frequency (multi-centennial) isotopic changes may be associated with shifts in the seasonal distribution of precipitation. From 200 B.C. to A.D. 800, both diatom and isotope records indicate that climate was dry and lake level low, with poor diatom preservation and high organic carbon: nitrogen ratios. Subsequently, lake level rose slightly, although the climate was drier and more stable than modern conditions. At A.D. 1200, lake level increased to approximately 6 m below present elevation, after which the lake fluctuated between this elevation and full stage, with particularly cool and/or wetter conditions after 1700. The hydrologic balance of the lake shifted abruptly at 1894 because of the establishment of a lumber mill at the lake's outlet. Spectral analysis of the δ¹⁸O data indicates that severe droughts occurred with multi-decadal (50 to 70 yr) frequency.     

滇西马厂箐煌斑岩成因:地球化学、年代学及Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf同位素约束

滇西马厂箐煌斑岩脉分为早晚两期,早期为云斜煌岩,晚期为云煌岩.对煌斑岩样品进行锆石LA-MC-ICP-MS U-Pb定年,获得33.77±0.11Ma的岩浆侵位年龄,表明马厂箐煌斑岩为马厂箐复式杂岩体中期岩浆结晶作用的产物,也是金沙江-哀牢山断裂带新生代早期岩浆活动的产物.岩石地球化学分析表明马厂箐煌斑岩高钾(K2O/NaO=2.88 ～4.60)、富碱(K2O+ Na2O =6.40％ ～7.55％)、高Mg# (74.3～76.9),富集大离子亲石元素(LILE) (K、Rb、Ba)和轻稀土元素(LREE),亏损高场强元素(HFSE)(Nb、Zr、P)和重稀土元素.同位素以高(87Sr/86Sr)i(0.707406～0.706506),低εNd(t)(-1.78～-7.64),富集放射性Pb(208 pb/204 Pb=38.87 ～ 39.35,207Pb/204 Pb=15.6390～15.6431,206Pb/204 Pb=18.6579 ～ 18.8093)为特征.176Hf/177Hf为0.282712 ～0.282864,εHf(t)为-1.4～4.0,εNd(t)与εHf(t)存在Nd-Hf同位素解耦.根据岩石地球化学和同位素特征以及区域构造演化历史分析,马厂箐煌斑岩起源于金沙江洋壳俯冲交代作用形成的富集地幔,区域上软流圈物质上涌可能促使EMII的部分熔融形成煌斑岩岩浆,而金沙江-哀牢山断裂及其与其他断裂的交汇处则为岩浆上侵提供了良好的通道.     

设计源于构思--谈草图设计大师SketchUp

CAAD(Computer Aided Architectural Design)在建筑设计专业工作中的应用技术称为计算机辅助建筑设计技术，它从上世纪60年代兴起80年代走红90年代席卷了整个建筑市场，并迅速成熟。设计师无疑已经离不开它们，代表作品有广为人知的AutoCAD、3DMAX，然而建筑师在享用它们的同时却不停的感慨它们的局限性：“它们把建筑设计引向机械的、单调的缺乏个性的死胡同……”，“建筑设计本身是一种模糊性设计，前期并不需要严格的定性定量，而且，美学问题是无法用定量的方法来描述的……”，它的呆板复杂与建筑师的灵性脱缰的思维无法合谐的同行，两者徘徊于等待与被等待之间隔岸对视。     

Leucitites from Gaussberg,Antarctica

Leucitities of probable late Pleistocene age from the extinct volcano of Gaussberg on the coast of East Antarctica consist of microphenocrysts of olivine, diopside, and leucite in a largely glassy groundmass. Their extreme K contents and K/Na ratios, as well as high Rb, Ba, and possibly Ti, are compatible with an origin by small degrees of partial melting of phlogopite-rich mantle below the level of amphibole stability, whereas their enrichment in P, Sr, Zr, Nb, La, Ce, Pb, and Th indicates the presence of minor phases such as apatite in the source material. Although the Mg/(Mg+Fe) values (0.70) and relatively high Ni and Cr contents suggest that the Gaussberg lavas represent near-primary melts, some degree of fractionation involving an aluminous phase (probably garnet) may be necessary to produce liquids with atomic K>Al. Alternatively, an as yet poorly understood process such as wall-rock reaction, liquid immiscibility, or mantle metasomatism may have been a critical factor in the genesis of these unusual rocks.Gaussberg is situated on a passive continental margin and does not appear to be related to any other known area of Cainozoic volcanic activity.     

Relative geobarometry from high-pressure rocks of quartzofeldspathic composition from the Sesia Zone,Western Alps,Italy

In the Sesia Zone of the Western Alps, Italy, early Alpine blueschist to eclogite facies metamorphism of rocks of quartzofeldspathic composition has produced the same high-pressure assemblage of; quartz, Na-pyroxene, Na-amphibole, paragonite, phengite, zoisite, garnet, magnetite, sphene and Fe-sulphide (=the QFS assemblage) over an area (> 150 km². Relative gradients in pressure and temperature over this region are reflected in the variations in mineral chemistries of the individual phases of the quartzofeldspathic assemblage through continuous reactions. Mineralogical discontinuities do not occur in the QFS assemblage of this region. Increases in the Jadeite content of the pyroxenes (X _{Jd 0.48} to X _{Jd 0.93}) and in the glaucophane content of the amphiboles (X _{Gl 0.89} to X _{Gl 0.96}) occur from the southwest to the northeast of the region studied. Analysis of coexisting garnets and pyroxenes indicate that the compositional variation of amphiboles and pyroxenes is associated with a decrease in the grossular component of the coexisting garnet. Zoned pyroxenes and garnets, together with the regional trends in mineral chemistries suggest that the evolution of the QFS assemblage with increasing pressure may be modelled by pressure-sensitive continuous reactions in which amphibole, zoisite and the more jadeitic pyroxene constitute the high-pressure assemblage. Chemographic constraints permit the positioning in pressure/temperature space of the compositional isopleths of those model continuous reactions involving these phases which meet the textural and chemical criteria observed in the natural assemblages. The low dP/dT slope (–20 bars/° C) of these isopleths causes the continuous reactions to be useful for geobarometric calculations at pressures above the absolute breakdown of albite to jadeite plus quartz. In addition the pseudobinary loops for the other continuous reactions which are potentially useful geobarometers and involve either the NaAlCa_–1Mg_–1 exchange or the MgCa_–1 exchange are calculated. Comparison of mineral chemistries with the isopleths yields a relative barometric scheme for the localities studied. With these barometric observations, it is possible to show that the P-T path which the Sesia body travelled towards the final recorded state was one of increasing pressure. Other blueschist and eclogite occurrences from Syros and Sifnos which contain rocks of quartzofeldspathic composition are also examined.     

Metamorphic P-T paths from calcic pelitic schists from the Strafford Dome, Vermont, USA

Metamorphism of the Gile Mountain Formation and Waits River Formation in the Strafford Dome and Townshend-Brownington Syncline in east-central Vermont records two nappe-style events, D1 and D2, followed by doming. D1 formed a muscovite + biotite ± ilmenite schistosity subparallel to compositional layering, SO, and was followed by heating to garnet grade. The temperature and pressure at the end of D1 are estimated to be c . 450 C and 6-8 kbar. D2 variably crenulated and folded S1 during a nearly isothermal pressure increase of 1-2 kbar, calculated from compositions of garnet, which have inclusions trails with progressive crenulation and rotation of the S1 fabric. Similar P-T paths are computed for most of the area, suggesting that the later schistosity developed during emplacement of a regional nappe 3-6 km thick. There is a general lack of D3 (dome-stage) microstructures.
Near the Strafford-Willoughby Arch, staurolite and kyanite overgrew S2 in pelites, and plagioclase with increasing X _An overgrew S2 in calcic pelites, reflecting post-D2 heating to a maximum of 550-600 C. Metamorphic pressures at the end of D2 are fairly constant on the west side of the dome, indicating minor dome-stage uplift. In contrast, pressures at the thermal peak of metamorphism decrease by more than 4 kbar east of the dome. The observed pattern of isotherms and isobars is mainly the result of post-metamorphic, differential uplift and unroofing.
Finally, a minor, retrograde metamorphism produced the assemblage albite + epidote + K-feldspar + muscovite + chlorite, with grade increasing east toward the Connecticut River.     

Late Quaternary mollusks from glacial Lake Algonquin,Nipissing, and transitional sediments from southwestern Ontario,Canada

Mollusks were studied from six sites in Lake Algonquin deposits (12,000-10,000 yr B.P.), five transitional (Lake Stanley low stage; 10,000 – 6000 yr B.P.), and six Nipissing stage sites (6000-4000 yr B.P.) east of Lake Huron in southwestern Ontario. The sites represent a variety of near-shore, lagoonal, estuarine, and fluvial environments. Eighteen species were limited to occurrences in Algonquin stage deposits; 8 were found only in the transitional age sites; and 14 species were restricted to Nipissing stage localities. With the possible exception of Goniobasis livescens, which occurred at five of the six Nipissing stage sites, the remaining stratigraphically limited species were usually restricted to one or two localities and probably cannot be used as zone fossils. Some cold-tolerant species (e.g., Anodonta grandis simpsoniana) were very early migrants into the study area, while others arrived later, apparently from eastern, southern, and western sources. Mollusks proved useful in paleoenvironmental reconstructions and to a lesser extent in biostratigraphic zonation.     

Hazard and risk from large landslides from Mount Meager volcano,British Columbia,Canada

During the past 8000 years, large volcanic debris flows from Mount Meager, a Quaternary volcano in southwest British Columbia, have reached several tens of kilometres downstream in Lillooet River valley, with flow velocities of many metres per second and flow depths of several metres. These debris flows inundated areas that have become settled in the past 100 years and are now experiencing rapid urban growth. Notably, Pemberton, 65 km from Mount Meager, has doubled in size in the past five years. Approval of subdivision and building permits in Pemberton and adjacent areas requires assessment and mitigation of flood hazards, but large, rare debris flows from Mount Meager are not considered in the permitting process. Unlike floods, some volcanic debris flows occur without warning. We quantify the risk to residents in Lillooet River valley from non-eruption triggered volcanic debris flows based on Holocene landslide activity at Mount Meager. The calculated risk exceeds, by orders of magnitude, risk tolerance thresholds developed in Hong Kong, Australia, England, and in one jurisdiction in Canada. This finding poses a challenge for local governments responsible for public safety.     

Geochemistry of tholeiites from Lanai,Hawaii

Lanai is the third smallest of the fifteen principal subaerial shield volcanoes of the Hawaiian hotspot. This volcano apparently became extinct during the shield-building stage of volcanism, as shown by the absence of both alkalic cap and post-erosional lavas. Major and trace element analyses of 22 new samples collected primarily from 3 stratigraphic sections show that Lanai tholeiites span a large range in composition. Some Lanai lavas are unique geochemically among Hawaiian tholeiites in having the lowest abundances of incompatible trace elements of any Hawaiian lavas and well-developed positive Eu anomalies. The geochemical characteristics of these low-abundance Lanai tholeiites are not the result of alteration, differences in mantle source modal mineralogy, the presence of residual accessory mantle phases or fractional crystallization of such phases, assimilation of depleted [MORB] wall-rock, or accumulation/resorption of phenocrysts or xenocrysts. Incompatible trace element ratios (e.g., Nb/La, Nb/Th, La/Th, La/Hf, Ce/Pb) in Lanai tholeiites span considerable ranges and form coherent trends with each other and with absolute abundances of these elements. Large variations in La/Sm, La/Yb, and absolute REE abundances at constant MgO suggest that Lanai tholeiites formed by variable amounts of partial melting. However, large ranges in incompatible element ratios cannot be explained solely by variations in partial melting of a geochemically homogeneous source, but must reflect geochemical heterogeneities in the Lanai source. Partial melting modeling indicates that the mixed Lanai source is probably LREE-enriched [i.e., (La/Yb)_CN>1]. One component in the Lanai source, exemplified by the low-abundance tholeiites, has markedly lower REE/HFSE, Th/HFSE, alkali/HFSE, and Ce/Pb ratios than other Lanai or Hawaiian tholeiites and may indicate the presence of recycled residual subduction zone materials in the Hawaiian plume source. The positive Eu anomalies that characterize the low-abundance Lanai tholeiites are not the result of plagioclase accumulation or assimilation but are a feature of this source component. Progressive temporal geochemical variations in Lanai tholeiites from 2 stratigraphic sections indicate that the source composition of these lavas probably evolved over time. This change could have resulted from a progressive decrease in the extent of partial melting of the Lanai source. The compositional variability of Lanai tholeiites suggests that geochemical heterogeneities in their source are larger than the scale of partial melting. Lanai tholeiites could not have formed by smaller degrees of partial melting of plume material than did the larger-volume Hawaiian shields. Therefore, volume differences between Hawaiian shields must be controlled primarily by differences in the volume of supplied plume material rather than by differences in the degree of partial melting. The premature cessation of eruptive activity at Lanai may be attributed to relatively large degrees of partial melting of a small plume.     

Cenomanian radiolitid bivalves from Malchina, Karst of Trieste, Italy

A radiolitid fauna, rudist bivalves, composed of Durania acuticostata Caffau and Pleni?ar, Eoradiolites fleuriausus (d’Orbigny), Eoradiolites liratus (Conrad), Paronaites zuffardii (Parona), and Sauvagesia sharpei (Bayle) is described from the upper Cenomanian Monrupino Formation in the Malchina area, Karst of Trieste. The taxonomic part includes [1] the proposal of the new genus Paronaites and [2] neotypes for E. liratus, [3] the identification of several junior synonyms (Eoradiolites zucchii Caffau and Pleni?ar and Praeradiolites acutilamellosus Caffau and Pleni?ar for E. fleuriausus; Eoradiolites zizensis Astre and Eoradiolites adriaticus Caffau and Pleni?ar for E. liratus; and Eoradiolites carsicus Caffau and Pleni?ar for P. zuffardii), [4] the discrimination between E. liratus and Eoradiolites schweinfurthi Zittel, and [5] the identification in Europe of species so far only reported in North Africa, besides [6] illustrating the diagnostic characters and morphologic variability of the treated species. All this facilitates their proper identification and certainly helps the stratigraphic correlation of the Cenomanian shallow water carbonates deposited on the margins of the Tethys.