高分辨电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定地质样品中稀土元素的氧化物干扰研究

电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)用于测定稀土元素经常会引起M+、MO+、MOH+离子的质谱重叠干扰,其中制约分析准确度和精密度的主要因素是多原子离子干扰,尤其是轻稀土元素的氧化物和氢氧化物对重稀土元素的干扰,以及钡的7个天然同位素形成的氧化物和氢氧化物对轻稀土元素的干扰.本文采用高温高压密闭消解地质样品,高分辨电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定其中的痕量稀土元素,研究了低、中、高三种分辨率模式下氧化物的干扰情况,确定了最佳的测定同位素和合适的分辨率.分析结果表明,在低、中分辨率模式下,轻稀土元素Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm的氧化物和Ba的氧化物干扰明显,Gd元素的测定值严重偏离;在高分辨模式下,Ba氧化物对Eu的干扰以及大部分轻稀土元素氧化物对重稀土元素的干扰基本可以消除,无需进行校正,而只有157Gd受到141pr16O的干扰突出,当样品中Pr/Gd的浓度比值大于100时,Gd的测量值必须进行数学校正.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定高锡地质样品中的痕量镉

应用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定地质样品中的痕量镉,存在多种质谱干扰,通常采用在线或离线方程进行校正,当样品中含锡较高时,采用传统固定系数校正方程,易导致测定结果有明显偏离,甚至结果出现负数。本文针对含高锡的地质样品,应用ICP-MS测定其中的镉,采用氢氟酸-高氯酸-硝酸敞开酸溶消解、硝酸浸提体系处理样品,通过测定~(111)Cd、~(113)Cd、~(114)Cd同位素,研究了干扰元素Sn、In、Zr、Mo对镉测定的影响。结果表明镉与干扰源浓度变化呈非简单的正相关性。①同质异位素Sn或In产生的干扰增值Δ(~(114)Cd/~(114)Sn或~(113)Cd/~(113)In)随干扰源浓度增大逐渐变大,~(114)Sn对~(114)Cd的干扰系数在0.0272～0.0222,~(113)In对~(113)Cd的干扰系数在0.0670～0.0412;②Zr和Mo在测定条件下形成氧化物和多原子复合离子物质对Cd均产生不同程度的质谱干扰。通过测定与样品中干扰源浓度相近的单一标准溶液产生的Cd干扰值,经在线修正干扰系数(γ),建立了精确的校正方程。该方法经标准物质验证,准确度高,相对标准偏差在6.57%～9.94%(n=7),方法检出限为0.03mg/kg,达到了地质分析检测要求,为高锡地质样品中的痕量镉分析提供了依据。     

动能歧视模式ICP-MS测定地球化学样品中14种痕量元素

应用传统ICP-MS法测定勘查地球化学样品中Ag、Cd等痕量元素,基体效应和多原子离子干扰严重,准确测定的难度较大。本文基于当前ICP-MS消除干扰技术,分析了ICP-MS标准模式(STD)及动能歧视模式(KED)测定地球化学样品中Ag、Cd等14种痕量元素的有效性,通过比较这两种模式的测定效果,在此基础上确定了各元素的有效测定模式。结果表明:在KED模式下,基体元素如Zr、Nb氧化物的产率降低,基本上消除了Zr、Nb氧化物对痕量元素Ag、Cd的多原子离子干扰。KED模式提高了信噪比,降低了方法检出限,如Ag、Cd的检出限分别为0. 004mg/kg、0. 005mg/kg,其他12种元素的检出限也低于多目标地球化学调查76种元素分析方案中的检出限。测定痕量元素的准确度显著优于STD模式。实验中采用简单的硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸消解样品,残渣用王水复溶,结合KED模式下优选出干扰较小的同位素作为测定同位素,以Rh作为内标校正仪器产生的信号漂移,将样品溶液稀释至1000倍,基体效应降低至最小。本方法经国家一级标准物质的验证,测定结果与认定值相符,可为勘查地球化学提供高质量数据。     

酸溶分解-电感耦合等离子体质谱内标法测定地质样品中的痕量银

应用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定地质样品中的痕量银时,Zr、Nb、Mo的氧化物以及氢氧化物对银的两个质量数107 Ag和109 Ag造成严重的质谱重叠干扰,导致结果有明显的偏差.针对此问题,本文基于107 Ag的质谱干扰相对单一,只有90 Zr16 OH+和91 Zr16 O+对107 Ag产生干扰,在I...     

敞开酸溶和偏硼酸锂碱熔ICP-MS法测定多金属矿中的稀土元素及铌钽锆铪

用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定地质样品中的稀土及难熔元素,混合酸敞开酸溶法和碱熔融法是两种主要的溶样方法。但地质样品组分复杂,元素之间存在相互共生的现象,对于特殊元素、特殊样品用传统酸溶法会造成部分元素消解不完全,使测定结果不准确;而碱熔法的操作过程繁琐,且溶液盐度高,易产生基体干扰和堵塞仪器进样系统。本文改进了传统四酸和五酸体系,采用氢氟酸-硝酸-硫酸敞开酸溶体系,用国家一级标准物质制作标准曲线测定15种稀土元素,方法准确度(ΔlgC)为0.001～0.027。同时改进了偏硼酸锂碱熔法,样品用偏硼酸锂碱熔提取,加入氢氧化钠调节溶液至碱性条件,所测元素与偏硼酸锂共沉淀后过滤分离熔剂,再用硝酸复溶测定15种稀土元素及铌钽锆铪。两种溶样方法的测定值与认定值的相对误差为1.09%～9.30%。将混合酸敞开酸溶法测定稀土元素、偏硼酸锂碱熔法测定铌钽锆铪的结果与其他实验室密闭酸溶法相比,两组数据的相对偏差为0.13%～15.32%。本实验表明,混合酸敞开酸溶法适用于测定地质样品中的稀土元素,偏硼酸锂碱熔法不仅适用于测定地质样品中的稀土元素及铌钽锆铪,也适用于测定如古老高压变质岩石及铝含量高的样品中的铌钽锆铪。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定土壤重金属普查样品中铬铜镉铅的关键环节研究

土壤重金属普查样品的基质复杂、数量大、待测元素性质各异,现有土壤中重金属的电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)存在样品分解方式不适宜、上机测定参数需优化等问题。本文采用电热板-酸分解样品,研究了ICP-MS测定土壤中Cr、Cu、Cd、Pb四种主要重金属在分解和上机测定中的关键环节。结果表明采用"硝酸+盐酸+氢氟酸+50%硫酸"体系,样品分解完全且待测元素无损失,并使用工作曲线校准仪器可降低基体效应;优选质谱测定同位素和采用碰撞反应池或数学校正可减少质谱干扰;质谱积分驻留时间和重复次数对痕量元素Cd的精密度有较大影响,宜设为0.4 s和3次。本方法对Cr、Cu、Cd、Pb的检出限分别为1.74、0.89、0.015、0.08μg/g,为普查工作提供了一种可借鉴的分析手段。     

密闭酸溶-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱/质谱法测定花岗伟晶岩中32种微量元素

花岗伟晶岩富集锂铍铷铯铌钽等稀有金属元素,准确测定其中的大离子亲石元素、高场强元素和稀土等微量元素,可用于判断成矿流体物质来源、成岩构造环境。目前的测试方法研究主要集中在锂铍铷铯铌钽等少数元素,样品消解方法有四酸敞开法、五酸敞开法、密闭酸溶法等,存在难溶矿物分解不完全、锆铪钍铀和稀土等元素回收率偏低等问题。本文对比了盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸敞开消解法、盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸-硫酸敞开消解法、硝酸-氢氟酸密闭消解法三种方法的分解效果。结果表明：四酸消解法中,铌钽锆铪钨和重稀土元素结果严重偏低;五酸消解法由于采用硫酸-氢氟酸-过氧化氢体系提取,有效地防止了铌钽的水解,铌钽钨等元素测定结果准确,但锆铪钡铅和轻稀土元素测定结果偏低。硝酸-氢氟酸密闭消解法使用王水代替硝酸进行残渣复溶,促进了铌钽锆铪和稀土等元素的复溶,采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱和质谱法(ICP-OES/MS)可以准确测定花岗伟晶岩中稀有金属、稀土元素等32种元素,方法检出限为0.004～2.50μg/g,精密度(RSD,n=12)为1.0%～8.3%。将该方法应用于8种花岗岩、伟晶岩及稀有金属矿标准物质和三种类型实际样品...     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定碳酸盐岩中30种痕量元素及干扰校正研究

应用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)分析碳酸盐岩样品中的痕量元素,其中高钙基体的存在会对元素的分析信号产生明显的抑制或增强作用,从而引起显著的基体干扰。本文研究了硝酸-盐酸-高氯酸-氢氟酸四酸敞开溶样体系下ICP-MS同时测定碳酸盐岩中30种痕量元素的方法。重点分析了质谱干扰包括样品基体本身所带来的谱线干扰、同量异位素干扰和多原子离子干扰,并对钙含量高的碳酸盐岩样品中Ca对Ni的干扰进行了试验,分别采用数学公式或干扰系数等方法对干扰因素进行校正,使分析结果得到了明显改善。标准物质的测定值与标准值基本一致,方法精密度(RSD)除个别元素为10%~15%,大多数元素均小于10%,符合地质样品分析规范要求。     

微波消解-高分辨电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定土壤中8种金属元素

微波消解结合电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)是土壤样品中金属元素测定的常用方法,其前处理可以采用不同的消解体系,但是消解体系对分析结果的准确性影响较大。此外,应用ICP-MS测定某些元素时干扰的存在会影响结果的准确性。基于上述问题,本文优选三个酸体系微波消解溶样,采用高分辨电感耦合等离子体质谱(HR-ICP-MS)测定土壤样品中8种金属元素(Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd和U)的含量,对比研究了由不同用量硝酸、盐酸、氢氟酸混合组成的三个酸消解体系对国家土壤标准物质的消解效果,确定了最优前处理方法。结果表明：经国家土壤标准物质验证,采用HR-ICP-MS检测,在不需要干扰校正的情况下,酸体系Ⅰ(6mL硝酸+3mL盐酸+3mL氢氟酸)和酸体系Ⅱ(2mL硝酸+6mL盐酸+1mL氢氟酸)的测定值与标准值相吻合,方法检出限为0.001～0.715μg/g,精密度(RSD,n=6)小于7.0%。从消解情况、准确度和精密度比较,酸体系Ⅰ稍优于酸体系Ⅱ;从酸用量比较,酸体系Ⅱ酸用量最少。两种酸体系的样品处理方法均具有较高的适用性和可靠性,都可用于土壤样品中8种金属元素含量的直接测定。     

增压-微波消解电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定含难溶矿物岩石样品中的微量元素

研究建立了增压-微波消解电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定含难溶矿物(含铌钽铀矿物、锆石等)岩石样品中微量元素的测试方法。该技术有效地解决了传统湿法消解方法不能完全消解含难溶矿物(含铌钽铀矿物、锆石等)岩石样品的难题。根据超高压-微波消解原理,自行设计加工了电加热增压消解装置一台。该装置的技术创新在于对含难溶矿物岩石样品采用了在同一消解罐中先微波消解再增压消解的方式,解决了微波消解到增压消解的转换问题,实现了对含难溶矿物岩石样品的无交叉污染、低本底、快速地增压-微波消解。通过一系列研究获得了含难溶矿物(含铌钽铀矿物、锆石等)岩石样品的微波-增压消解条件参数,然后采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定含难溶矿物岩石样品中微量元素含量。经标准物质测试验证,分析方法的定量限为0.004~0.084μg/g,精密度小于5%,测量相对误差小于10%,该方法能满足行业分析测试质量的控制要求。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861