福建深沪湾浮游桡足类的分布

根据1998年5、9月福建省深沪湾环境综合调查所采的浮游生物样品，对该湾桡足类的种类组成及其与环境因子的关系进行了分析研究。结果表明：桡足类已鉴定到种的有28种，划分为4个生态类群，以沿岸类群为主。其优势种为驼背隆哲水蚤（Acrocalanus gibber)、太平洋纺锤水蚤（Acartia pacifica)、瘦尾胸刺水蚤（Centropages tenuiremis) 和近缘大眼剑水蚤（Corycaeus affinis)等。5月份的桡足类个体数比9月份的高，其数量与浮游植物细胞数呈正相关（除S4站外）关系。湾顶和梅林附近海域基础饵料丰富，是鱼类索饵的良好场所。     

Distribution of biomass of zooplankton in the Kuroshio area of the East China Sea

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渤海湾浮游桡足类群落特征

采用浅水Ⅰ型浮游生物网,分别于2017年春、夏、秋和冬季在渤海湾海域采集浮游动物,分析了桡足类群落的组成种类、生物多样性和丰度分布特征及环境因子与桡足类群落特征之间的关系.结果如下:调查海域共出现桡足类20种,其中秋季种类最多达到13种,春季和冬季分别为12种和9种,夏季最少为8种.渤海湾海域桡足类丰度的平均值在春季最...     

渤海湾浮游桡足类群落特征与影响因素

采用浅水Ⅰ型浮游生物网,分别于2017年春、夏、秋和冬季在渤海湾海域采集浮游动物,基于网采样品数据分析了桡足类群落的组成种类、生物多样性和丰度分布特征及环境因子与桡足类群落特征之间的关系。结果如下：调查海域共出现桡足类20种,其中秋季种类最多达到13种,春季和冬季分别为12种和9种,夏季最少为8种。渤海湾海域桡足类丰度的平均值在春季最高,达到了882.5 ind/m3。夏季和秋季分别为84.0 ind/m3和48.4 ind/m3。冬季最低,为11.8 ind/m3。桡足类在秋季时,其香农-威纳指数和物种丰富度指数的平均值达到了最高,夏季时桡足类的香农-威纳指数平均值达到了最低,桡足类在春季时,其物种丰富度指数的平均值达到了最低。通过分析环境因子与桡足类丰度间的相关性,结果显示：温度、盐度、溶解氧、磷酸盐、硅酸盐、pH和浊度等环境因子会对渤海湾海域桡足类群落结构的季节变化产生显著影响。春季桡足类丰度的总体分布趋势与叶绿素水平分布的趋势相似;夏季和冬季桡足类丰度的总体分布趋势与温度水平分布的趋势相似;秋季桡足类丰度的总体分布趋势与温度水平分布的趋势相反。     

台湾以东副热带环流区大中型浮游桡足类的生态特征

根据1995~1997年期间在台湾岛以东副热带环流区进行4个季度月的综合调查资料,分析了该海域浮游桡足类的数量分布及其群落的生态特征,探讨其与环境因素的相关性.结果表明,本区大中型浮游桡足类呈低丰度(4个季度平均为6.75个/m³)、低优势度(Y<0.131)以及季节变化幅度小等特点.所记录的206种浮游桡足类中,5种生态类群共存.不同性质水系在测区间的动态制约着不同生态类群的配比,但丝毫左右不了热带大洋广布类群的主导地位.     

东海北部黑潮区的浮游桡足类

根据1987年夏季、冬季和1989年春季、秋季采自东海北部黑潮区的浮游生物样品,鉴定出浮游桡足类227种,其中1种为我国海区新记录,21种为东海区新记录.文中还描述了浮游桡足类的总个体密度和主要优势种的分布,并对其与海洋环境的关系进行了讨论.     

秋季东海黑潮锋面涡旋的特点

本文根据１９８８年１０月２０～２４日“向阳红０９号”调查船在奄美大岛以西海区进行调查时，在陆架斜坡上的表均温层的底部，即５０ｍ附近的深层上，出现一个黑潮锋面涡。不论在平面上形成的特点，还是在断面上水系配置的形式，它与春季黑潮锋面涡的特征极为相似。说明秋季东海同样存在陆架水与黑潮水在水平方向交换与混合。     

台湾以北海域浮游桡足类生物海洋学特征的研究Ⅰ.数量分布

根据１９８７～１９９０年间在台湾以北海域进行的６个航次的调查资料,对该海域浮游桡足类数量分布作了探讨,结果表明,本区浮游桡足类丰度在春季最高,冬季最低,夏、秋季介于中间;黑潮锋内侧的桡足类丰度一般高于黑潮锋外侧,较高丰度区的分布具夏季最向外海、冬季最靠近岸、其他两季居中的趋势,这与黑潮锋位的季节摆动趋势基本相一致;浮游桡足类丰度的较高值区一般出现在不同水系的交汇区,尤其是黑潮次表层水涌升域的近岸边缘侧,而在黑潮次表层水的主水体中,因溶解氧含量低等因素,其丰度一般均较低;浮游桡足类丰度垂直分布趋势为随水深增加而减低,生物本身昼夜垂直移动规律可能是局部区域产生异常分布的原因之一．     

Variations of the Kuroshio Axis South of Kyushu in Relation to the Large Meander of the Kuroshio

The characteristics of the Kuroshio axis south of Kyushu, which meanders almost sinusoidally, are clarified in relation to the large meander of the Kuroshio by analyzing water temperature data during 1961–95 and sea level during 1984–95. The shape of the Kuroshio axis south of Kyushu is classified into three categories of small, medium, and large amplitude of meander. The small amplitude category occupies more than a half of the large-meander (LM) period, while the medium amplitude category takes up more than a half of the non-large-meander (NLM) period. Therefore, the amplitude and, in turn, the curvature of the Kuroshio axis is smaller on average during the LM period than the NLM period. The mean Kuroshio axis during the LM period is located farther north at every longitude south of Kyushu than during the NLM period, with a slight difference west of the Tokara Islands and a large difference to the east. A northward shift of the Kuroshio axis in particular east of the Tokara Islands induces small amplitude and curvature of the meandering shape during the LM period. During the NLM period, the meandering shape and position south of Kyushu change little with Kuroshio volume transport. In the LM formation stage, the variation of the Kuroshio axis is small west of the Tokara Islands but large to the east due to a small meander of the Kuroshio. In the LM decay stage, the Kuroshio meanders greatly south of Kyushu and is located stably near the coast southeast of Kyushu. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Variability of the Kuroshio in the East China Sea in 1992

INTRODUCTIONMostofpreviousstudiesshowthatthedynamicmethodswereoftenusedtocomputethevelocityandVToftheKuroshiointheEastChinaSea(Guan,1988;Nishizawaetal.,1982;SunandKaneko,1993).Duringrecentyearsdifferentkindsofinversemethodshavebeentriedby*ThisprojectwassupportedbytheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChinaundercontractNo.49776287.1.Secondinstituteofoceanography,StateOceanicAdministration,Hangzhou310012,ChinaYuanetul(1988,1991,1992a,1992b,1993,1994,1995).Theircalculatedresultsshowt…     

Variability of the Kuroshio in the East China Sea in 1995

INTRODUCTIONTherearemanyresearchworksabbottheKUrOShioVTanditSSeaSOnalvacationintheEastChinaho(GUan,1988;Nishizawaetal.,1982;TangandTaShiro,1993;SunandKaneko,1993;Yuanetal.,1990;Yuanetal.,1993;Yuanetal.,1994;Yuanetal.,1995;LiuandYuan,1997a,b).~previou...     

1992年东海黑潮的变异

基于1992年4个航次的水文调查资料,运用改进逆方法计算了东海黑潮的流速、流量和热通量．计算结果表明：（1）PN断面黑潮在春季和秋季都有两个流核,冬季和夏季则只有一个流核．主核心皆位于坡折处．Vmax值春季最大,冬季和夏季次之,而秋季最小．黑潮以东及以下都存在逆流．（2）TK断面黑潮在冬季为两核,春、夏季为3核．海峡南端及海峡深处存在西向逆流．（3）通过A断面的对马暖流Vmax值在秋季最大,冬季最小．黄海暖流位于其西侧,相对较弱．（4）通过PN断面净北向流量夏季最大,秋季最小,而冬、春季介于上述二者之间,1992年四季平均值为28．0×106m3/s;TK断面的净东向流量也是在夏季最大;A断面净北向流量则在秋季最大．（5）PN断面4个航次的平均热通量为2．03×1015W．TK断面3个航次的平均热通量为2．00×1015W．（6）在计算海区,冬、春和秋季都是由海洋向大气放热;夏季则从大气吸热．冬季海面上热交换率最大,而夏季热交换率最小．关键词##4东海;;黑潮;;季节变化     

初论东海黑潮锋的区域性差异

本文基于历史资料(1934～1988)和近期中、日黑潮合作调查结果分析指出,东海黑潮锋在其三维结构和季节变化等方面皆存在较明显的区域性差异.初步研究表明,地形效应是导致上述差异的主导因素.同时,季风和海面冷却在产生东海黑潮锋的区域性差异中亦起着重要的作用.     

西北太平洋黑潮源区沉积特征及黑潮输入对东海沉积物的影响

在对海流和地质背景分析的基础上将源区黑潮划分为3个区域,即北赤道流区、吕宋岛以东海区和台湾东部黑潮主干区,归纳总结了其沉积物矿物组成、元素组分特征和物源研究结论,探讨了黑潮输入对东海沉积物的影响。总体看来,黑潮源区沉积物的主要外来源是菲律宾群岛、菲律宾岛弧、台湾河流输入和亚洲大陆风尘的输入。黑潮源区沉积物矿物分布受菲律宾海沟的阻隔、北赤道流与黑潮的营力作用、海底火山热液活动和水深影响较大,常量元素组成主要与海底地形和水深有关,稀土元素组成表现出具有明显陆源输入的边缘海沉积特征,Sr、Nd同位素组成的研究在该区主要用于追踪亚洲风尘输入。由于黑潮入侵东海多分支的复杂性,东海黑潮对陆架沉积物的影响尚需深入研究。进一步研究应在台湾东部沉积物物源分析、黑潮输入对东海沉积物影响的历史变化、多指标整合的综合分析方法、有效物源识别端元的构建等方面展开。深入研究黑潮源区沉积特征及物源可有效揭示黑潮流域变化、构造活动和气候变化等,且探明黑潮输入对东海陆架沉积物分布的影响有利于揭示东海生态环境变化和海洋资源环境的可持续利用。     

东海黑潮温盐与中国东部气温和降水的相互关系

采用东海黑湖主流段长时间序列的实测温盐资料,研究了东海黑潮上层温度、上层盐度的变化及其与中国东部降水和地面气温的关系。结果表明,在过去50年内,东海黑潮上层海温呈上升趋势,而上层盐度略呈下降趋势。东海黑潮上层海温和我国东部地面气温的关系在冬季十分密切,呈现出大面积显著的正相关,这与冬季南下冷空气的整体降温作用有关。夏季,长江中下游江水的增多致使大量长江冲淡水入海,导致黑潮上层水盐度下降,此时东海黑潮上层盐度与我国大陆东部降水呈负相关。     

Dynamic Structure of the Kuroshio South of Kyushu in Relation to the Kuroshio Path Variations

The variation of velocity and potential vorticity (PV) of the Kuroshio at the PN line in the East China Sea and the TK line across the Tokara Strait were examined in relation to the path variations of the Kuroshio in the southern region of Japan, using quarterly data from a conductivity-temperature-depth profiler and a shipboard acoustic Doppler current profiler during 1987–97. At the PN line the Kuroshio has a single stable current core located over the continental slope and a significant maximum of PV located just onshore of the current axis in the middle part of the main pycnocline. On the other hand, the Kuroshio at the TK line has double current cores over the two gaps in the Tokara Strait; the northern core has a much larger velocity than the southern core on average during periods of the large meander of the Kuroshio, while the difference in strength between the double cores is small during the non-large-meander (NLM) period. At the TK line, PV in the middle pycnocline is variable; it is small and nearly uniform throughout the section for 40% of the total observations, while it has a significant maximum near the northern core for 30% and two maxima corresponding to the double current cores for 23%. The small, nearly uniform PV occurs predominantly during the NLM period, and is closely related to the generation of the small meander of the Kuroshio southeast of Kyushu. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Variability of the Kuroshio in the East China Sea in 1993 and 1994

INTRODUCTIONTherearemanyworksabouttheKuroshioVTintheEastChinaSeaanditsseasonalvariabil*ThisprojectwassupportedbytheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChinaundercontractNo.49776287.1.SecondinstituteofOceanography,StateOceanicAdministration,Hangzhou310012,Chinaity(Guan,1988;Nishizawaetal.,1982;SunandKaneko,1993;Yuanetal.,1990,1993,1994,1995).Thecomputationmethodusedtobethedynamicmethod(Guan,1988;Nishizawaetal.,1982;SunandKaneko,1993),butrecentlytheinverseandthemodifiedinversemetho…     

台湾岛以东涡旋及东海黑潮的变化特征

台湾岛以东海域是黑潮变异最为强烈的区域之一,副热带逆流(STCC)区产生的大量涡旋西传至此,对台湾以东的黑潮流径和流量产生较大影响。但是受观测资料限制,目前对这些涡旋的垂向结构尚不清楚。利用ARGO剖面浮标资料并结合卫星高度计资料,对台湾岛以东的涡旋垂向结构及其运动特征进行了详细的分析。通过分析表明,这些涡旋垂向尺度可以深达2 000 m,水平尺度约200 km,其表层切向速度可以达60 cm/s,与黑潮流速相当,而在1 000 m层上的平均切向流速还可达8 cm/s左右。根据高度计资料分析,这些涡旋是源自STCC区的Rossby波西传结果,其Rossby变形半径为43 km,其相速度约4.2 cm/s。另外,根据浮标观测表明,1 000 m层上东海黑潮按照流速可明显分成3个区段。     

Impact of Kuroshio on the dissolved oxygen in the East China Sea region

A marine survey was conducted from 18 May to 13 June 2014 in the East China Sea (ECS) and its adjacent Kuroshio Current to examine the spatial distribution and biogeochemical characteristics of dissolved oxygen (DO) in spring. Waters were sampled at 10?25 m intervals within 100 m depth, and at 25?500 m beyond 100 m. The depth, temperature, salinity, and density (sigma- t ) were measured in situ with a conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) sensor. DO concentrations were determined on board using traditional Winkler titration method. The results show that in the Kuroshio Current, DO content was the highest in the euphotic layer, then decreased sharply with depth to about 1 000 m, and increased with depth gradually thereafter. While in the ECS continental shelf area, DO content had high values in the coastal surface water and low values in the near-bottom water. In addition, a low-DO zone off the Changjiang (Yangtze) River estuary was found in spring 2014, and it was formed under the combined influence of many factors, including water stratification, high primary productivity in the euphotic layers, high accumulation/ sedimentation of organic matter below the euphotic layers, and mixing/transport of oceanic current waters on the shelf. Most notable among these is the Kuroshio intruded water, an oceanic current water which carried rich dissolved oxygen onto the continental shelf and alleviated the oxygen deficit phenomenon in the ECS, could impact the position, range, and intensity, thus the formation/destruction of the ECS Hypoxia Zone.     

黄、东海陆架2011年秋季活体浮游有孔虫生态分布

现代活体浮游有孔虫的生态研究是其古环境重建应用的重要基础。根据黄、东海陆架2011年秋季采集的20个垂直浮游拖网样品,分析了该海域浮游有孔虫的秋季生态分布特征。结果表明,黄海秋季基本上没有浮游有孔虫的出现。东海共发现13种活体浮游有孔虫,主要优势属种依次为Globigerinoides sacculifer、Pulleniatina obliquiloculata、Globigerina bulloides、Neogloboquadrina dutertrei和Globigerinoides ruber。浮游有孔虫丰度整体上呈现东南高,西北低的分布格局,这种分布格局反映了浮游有孔虫在黄、东海陆架区的分布主要受外海水影响强弱控制。浮游有孔虫主要属种在东海陆架呈现明显的区域分布差异:暖水种G. sacculifer是秋季陆架海区的主要优势种,其分布格局与总丰度基本一致,相对含量从南至北、从东至西逐渐降低,主要受区域表层海水温度变化的控制。G. bulloides与G. sacculifer呈相反的含量分布变化,其高含量主要出现在东海中陆架,从北往南逐渐降低,此外,在闽浙沿岸也有较高含量,表明了温度和生产力是影响G. bulloides在黄、东海陆架分布的主要因素。秋季P. obliquiloculata和N. dutertrei的高含量主要出现在东海南部中陆架区和济州岛西南黄海暖流影响区,可能受暖水与生产力的共同制约。