Concentrations and distribution of trace metals of PM<Subscript>10</Subscript> and TSP particles collected in the qingdao area

Aerosol samples of PM₁₀ (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters less than 10μm) and TSP (total suspended particles) were simultaneously collected from April 2001 to March 2002 at the top of Mount Baguan on the downtown campus of Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China. The concentrations of Al, Fe, Mn, Cu, Pb and Zn were determined by means of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The monthly variability of the mass concentrations of aerosol particles and the concentrations of trace metals are presented and discussed. The distribution pattern of these metals in PM₁₀ and TSP is also discussed. During the observation period, the mass concentration of PM₁₀ at this site ranged from 13.80 to 306.42 μgm⁻³, while that of TSP ranged from 31.02 to 568.82μgm⁻³. Both PM₁₀ and TSP reached their highest concentrations in springtime, while the lowest values occurred in summertime. The concentrations of crustal metals followed the same variation pattern, while those of anthropogenic metals did not. A closer examination led to the conclusion that anthropogenic metals are mainly from local sources. The average concentration ratios of anthropogenic metals in PM₁₀ to TSP were higher than the average mass ratio of PM₁₀ to TSP, suggesting that there was a higher proportion of anthropogenic metals on smaller particles although there were a few exceptions. For crustal metals, however, the metal concentration ratios were close to the particle mass ratio, indicating that the distribution of crustal metals was much more homogeneous on aerosol particles with different sizes. The correlation analysis indicated that Al, Fe and Mn were originated from similar sources and were mainly controlled by the particle mass, while Cu, Pb and Zn were predominated by local anthropogenic sources, with Pb and Zn having similar origins.     

DISTRIBUTION OF DISSOLVED AND PARTICULATE TRACE METALS IN ANOXIC SEAWATER, SAANICH INLET, B . C. CANADA

This paper discusses the spatial and seasonal distribution character of dissolved and paniculate trace metals in the anoxic seawater of Saanich Inlet, B.C., Canada. The study showed that concentration of dissolved and paniculate trace metals in anoxic seawater is closely related to (1) the concentration of H2S and the depth of the O2-H2S interface, (2) the exchange of seawater in Saanich Inlet with outside seawater, (3) biotic action, and (4) the flushing event. The study was based in part on the ratio between trace metals and nutrients. There was a steep change in the concentration of dissolved trace metals at the O2-H2S interface. The concentration of dissolved trace metals in the H2S-controlled zone was dependent on the H2S there. The suspended matter in Saanich Inlet comes from the Hero Strait seawater, phytoplankton production and resuspension of flushed-up sediments. The concentration of particulate trace metals was rather low in Saanich Inlet and tended to increase with depth. The total concentra     

重金属在不同粒径PM10中的含量与形态

利用WYX 402A型原子吸收分光光度计和Tessler形态分类法研究了Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、As重金属在不同粒径PM10中的质量浓度与形态分布。结果表明Cu、Pb、Cd、As质量浓度随粒径增加而减少,Zn、Cr质量浓度在1.1~2.0μm粒径范围内有一峰值,总体上仍表现为随粒径增加而减少。重金属的形态分布表现出各自的特征,反映了其环境活性的不同。颗粒越细,Cu的活性越大;Pb的活性在各粒级中变化不大;Zn的活性随粒径增加而变大;Cd主要以碳酸盐结合态和氧化物结合态为主,且在小颗粒中活性较大;Cr以氧化物结合态和不溶物为主,在各粒级中含量较稳定,环境活性不大;As主要以前3种形态存在,在稳定环境下,其活性随粒径增加而减小。     

青岛城区土壤重金属现状评价及趋势预测

通过对青岛城区土壤进行调查取样,运用单因子评价和内梅罗指数法对青岛表层土壤8种重金属元素(As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Ni,Hg,Pb和Zn)的测试结果进行评价,查明了土壤环境质量现状及其污染程度:青岛市土壤环境质量总体较高,绝大部分地区土壤环境保持在清洁水平;污染区域以孤岛状零星分布于青岛市内,区内胶州湾入海口污染指数偏高,很可能是由于河流上游污水排放导致的。通过对未来20年城区土壤在大气降尘影响下重金属Cd,Zn的累积情况进行了预测,结果表明:随着时间的推移,土壤有害元素含量会有所增高。其中,大气降尘中Zn元素对青岛市区土壤影响明显。该研究对于正确认识青岛区域地球化学特征和地质环境具有一定的指导意义。     

Preliminary comparison of trace metals in coastal aerosols between Qingdao and Liverpool

Aerosol samples were collected at two coastal suburban stations, Qingdao （China） in 1995-1996 and Liverpool （U.K.） in 1995, respectively. The samples were analyzed to determine the concentrations of trace metals （Cr, Zn, Cu, Co, Ni, Pb, V, and Cd） as well as A1, Fe and Mn. Data were examined to understand the difference of trace metals in aerosols between coastal zones downwind the developing area （near the Yellow Sea） and developed region （near the Irish Sea）. The results show that most elements at Qingdao have levels 4-5 times higher than those at Liverpool, particularly for the crust-dominated elements （e.g. Al, Fe and Mn）. Moreover, the aerosol composition at Qingdao is higher in spring than in summer, underlying the influence of westerlies and local emissions in combination, whereas seasonal change of aerosol composition is not significant at Liverpool. The enrichment factors for the crustal source elements （EFcrust） at Liverpool are much higher than those at Qingdao. The contributions from the pollutant source （Rp） for some trace metals like Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd are 〉90% at Qingdao and Liverpool, suggesting overwhelming anthropogenic contributions to these metals. The contributions from crustal source （Re） for trace metals tend to increase with higher aerosol levels and Al concentration at Qingdao, indicating a good correlation between the crust-dominated component and the air mass. At Liverpool, the Rc values for trace metals are positively correlated with Al concentrations instead of with aerosol mass, suggesting that Al in aerosols represents the crustal component even though the aerosols come from different sources.     

滨州海岸带土壤和海底沉积物重金属空间分布特征

通过对滨州近海海域海底沉积物测试数据及海岸带陆域土壤地球化学分析,对滨州海岸带陆域土壤和海底沉积物中7种重金属(Hg,Cd,Pb,Cu,Zn,Cr,Ni)的空间分布特征进行了研究,并绘制了各指标含量陆海联合分区图。分析结果表明,滨州市海岸带重金属元素含量基本上均低于国标规定的海洋一类沉积物的最高标准,仅有个别元素含量超过一级标准值,表明局部存在一定的重金属污染。从滨州海岸带重金属含量空间分布上来看,除Hg元素外,其余重金属元素含量呈现一定的规律,基本上陆域含量高于海域含量,且大部分元素都呈现出陆域城镇值高,郊区值低的态势。区内化工企业较发达,Ni,Cr属于中度变异区,Cd,Hg,Pb属于高度变异,受人为影响因素较大,考虑区内土壤及海底沉积物重金属富集主要来源于工业"三废"。     

章丘地区土壤硒的含量分布及影响因素

以章丘地区土壤为对象,系统分析了表层、深层土壤及8条剖面土壤中Se元素的含量水平,研究了土壤中Se的分布特征及其与土壤类型、成土母质、地形地貌和土壤理化性质及组分的关系。结果表明：章丘地区表层土壤中Se含量在0.1～0.8mg/kg之间,以中硒土壤为主,富硒土壤面积173km2。土壤类型中,水稻土Se平均含量水平最高,为0.55mg/kg;成土母质中以石炭—二叠纪泥页岩发育的土壤Se含量最高;剖面土壤中的Se主要在表层富集。影响章丘地区土壤Se含量分布的主要因素是成土母质、地形地貌、土壤pH、有机质及土壤中硫、铁铝氧化物等组分。     

鲁东即墨地区八亩地组火山岩及其内部砂岩特征

鲁东即墨地区广泛分布以安山岩、安山质集块角砾(熔)岩等为主的八亩地组中—基性火山岩,对应的八亩地旋回是区内火山岩的鼎盛期,包括了溢流相—爆发相—强爆发、溢流相交替—潜火山岩相侵位的全部活动过程。其内部的沉积相砂岩以肠状—团块状、夹层及脉状3种状态产出,对于了解八亩地组火山岩岩相特征,喷发序列及构造活动历史等具有一定的帮助作用。     

湛江港湾表层沉积物重金属的分布特征及潜在生态危害评价

利用双道原子荧光分析仪对湛江港附近海域表层沉积物砷、汞、铅、镉的含量进行了分析,阐明了这几种重金属的分布特征。结果表明,As的质量分数为(8.138~16.749)×10-6,平均12.745×10-6;Hg的质量分数为未检出(nd)~0.322×10-6,平均0.059×10-6;Pb的质量分数为(14.306~68.904)×10-6,平均44.258×10-6;Cd的质量分数为(1.561~6.882)×10-6,平均3.0874×10-6;砷、汞、铅从港内往港外有逐渐减少的趋势,镉的分布没有规律性,在整个港湾内的分布较均匀。从单因子污染指数看,砷、汞和铅都属生态危害轻微;镉污染较为严重,属生态危害强;从综合污染指数看,属生态危害中等。     

The forming-storing environment and abundance conditions of quaternary underground brine in the embayed coast of Qingdao

ImODUcrIONGroundwaterwthAnneralimtionofmorethan5OgA(about5"Be')"iscalledunder-groundbrine.ltbelongstoevaporationoredepositinliquidstateandisantwortantrnaterialsourceforsaltonkingandthechewhcalindustry.QuatemarylittoralfadesundergroundbrinewasstoredinthelittoralsoneandhadtwobasictypesofgenesisenvironmentflittoralplaincoastenvironmentcharacterindbythecoastalongLaichouBay,andembayedcoastenvironmentcharaCterindbythecoastalzoneofQingdao.TheauthorresearchedthebrineintheLaizhoubaycoastareainthe…     

Distribution of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon （DIC） and Its Related Parameters in Seawater of the North Yellow Sea and off the Qingdao Coast in October, 2007

Data on the distribution of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) were obtained from two cruises in the North Yellow Sea (NYS) and off the Qingdao Coast (QC) in October, 2007. Carbonate parameters were calculated. The concentrations of DIC are from 1.896–2.229 mmolL⁻¹ in the NYS and from 1.939–2.032 mmolL⁻¹ off the QC. In the southwest of the NYS, DIC in the upper layers decreases from the north of the SP (Shandong Peninsula) shelf to the center of the NYS; whereas in the lower layers DIC increases from the north of the SP shelf to the center of the NYS and South Yellow Sea. In the northeast of the NYS, DIC in all layers increases from the YR (Yalu River) estuary to the centre of the NYS. The distribution of DIC in NYS can be used as an indicator of Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass (YSCWM). Air-sea CO₂ fluxes were calculated using three models and the results suggest that both the NYS and the QC waters are potential sources of atmospheric CO₂ in October.     

近十年青岛市红岛经济区土地开发利用变迁遥感分析

红岛经济区是青岛市拥湾发展战略中的胶州湾北部新兴城市核心,是近年来和未来一段时间城市经济发展和城区扩张的主要区域。基于2003年和2013年的SPOT-5和资源三号高空间分辨率遥感影像,开展了青岛市红岛经济区近10年来的土地开发利用变迁遥感监测,进行了信息提取和2时相监测结果的土地开发利用转移矩阵分析。盐田和耕地向工业用地的大面积转化。伴随着工业用地的大面积增加,公路用地的面积也在增加,附带的公路防护林的面积也有了显著的增加,研究区域的工业化发展水平显著上升。     

Distribution of dissolved inorganic nitrogen over the continental slope of the Yellow Sea and East China Sea

Based on survey data from April to May 2009, distribution and its influential factors of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) over the continental slopes of the Yellow Sea (YS) and East China Sea (ECS) are discussed. Influenced by the Changjiang (Yangtze) River water, alongshore currents, and the Kuroshio current off the coast, DIN concentrations were higher in the Changjiang River estuary, but lower (<1 μmol/L) in the northern and eastern YS and outer continental shelf area of the ECS. In the YS, the thermocline formed in spring, and a cold-water mass with higher DIN concentration (about 11 μmol/L) formed in benthonic water around 123.2°E. In Changjiang estuary (around 123°E, 32°N), DIN concentration was higher in the 10 m layer; however, the bottom DIN concentration was lower, possibly influenced by mixing of the Taiwan Warm Current and offshore currents.     

Stratigraphic Sequences and Their Implication in a Sea Area of the Western Yellow Sea Near Qingdao Coast During the Late Quaternary

1　Introduction　TheYellowSeahasaveragewaterdepthsbetween30and 90m (Liuetal.,1 987) .Liuindicatesthattworegressiveevents ,namedChengshantou (4 0 -75ka)andYellowSea (1 5 - 2 3ka) ,haveoccurredsincetheLatePleistocenebasedonthepeatbedsfoundincores (Liuetal.,…     

济南市长清张夏-崮山地区华北寒武系地质遗迹特点及保护现状

长清张夏-崮山地区寒武纪地层发育，出露完好，接触关系清楚，岩石类型和沉积构造现象丰富，古生物化石富集，保存完整，研究历史悠久，是进行层序地层学，多重地层划分对比、研究的理想地区，是进行地质科学教育的良好基地，是不可多得的“地学实验室”。这里早己被确定为“华北寒武系标准剖面”，并己列入我国地学教科书。2001年被批准为省级地质遗迹自然保护区。对该地质遗迹实施有效保护，具有重要意义。     

北京大气细粒子及其成分的浓度变化特征

硫酸盐、硝酸盐是城市的大气细粒子重要组成部分之一。本文利用RCFP仪器针对北京市2004～2007年北京大气细粒子的成分进行了连续的观测与分析发现,硝酸盐年平均下降率为7%,约合0.7微克/立方米;而硫酸盐浓度从2006年的28微克/立方米下降到了18微克/立方米。同时特别分析了2007年8月17日至20日机动车限行期间,北京及周边地区区域气象特征、细颗粒污染物浓度特征,及其主要化学成分的特征,并参照反向轨迹演算发现以硫酸盐为表征的北京周边地区污染物随弱南向气团向北京输移,以湿气团和氯离子为共同表征的东南海陆特性气团随东南气流向北京输移,从而证明偏南气流将北京周边地区的细颗粒物污染物输移向北京的特征。     

中国近地面PM2.5浓度与排放的时空分布及其关联分析

PM2.5是威胁人体健康的主要大气污染物之一.大量研究关注近地面PM2.5浓度的监测及其时空分布,但目前针对PM2.5排放及其与近地面浓度之间的关联研究较为缺乏.本文通过2000-2014年近地面PM2.5浓度格网数据和PM2.5排放格网数据,采用长时间序列分析法对PM2.5浓度和PM2.5排放从定性和定量两个角度进行...     

安徽省南陵地区土壤Se分布特征及评价研究

以安徽省南陵地区土壤Se为主要研究对象,结合少量农作物Se分析结果,对研究区进行了Se含量及分布特征研究,初步划定了区内富硒土壤标准,探讨了土壤Se、有效硒与重金属的相关性关系,为富硒土壤资源的推广应用提供了依据。结果表明:研究区土壤Se含量区间0.01～0.98mg/kg,平均含量0.32mg/kg,总体呈背景含量分布,少量的低背景土壤分布于青弋江沿岸,其含量与人为活动、土壤类型和地质单元存在一定的关系;初步圈定区内富硒土壤面积152.79km~2,证明该区具备一定的富硒土壤开发利用潜力;土壤Se常与重金属伴生,而有效硒与重金属相关性不明显,有效硒随土壤Se含量的增加而增加。