重磁三维自动反演软件系统的分析与设计

由于三维反演计算非常耗时,导致目前的重磁三维自动反演系统的工作方式效率低。为了改善工作效率和提高反演结果的质量,提出实时可视化自动反演方式,设计并开发了一个重磁三维实时可视化反演系统。该系统在三维反演计算的过程中,将中间反演结果同时进行成图可视化,使得工作人员能及时分析和评价中间反演结果并能修改参数,以此来介入和引导复杂的反演过程,快速有效地得到比较理想的反演结果。该系统具有实时性、交互性和引导性特点。对该系统进行了分析和设计,并给出了其中的关键技术与设计方案。     

The Rapid Inversion of 3-D Potential Field and Program Design

The application of three-dimensional inversion of gravity and magnetic fields is very important not only in geophysical researches, but also in the study of geological structures. A formula of potential field in frequency-domain, developed by Parker in 1973, can be used as a rapid and effective algorithm in gravity and magnetic inversion. The technique has been improved then by Oldenburg, Sprenke, Feng and others.In addition to a brief introduction of Parker's algorithm and its applications, this paper includes the following five parts: basic computational techniques, inversion of single layer, convergence and constraints, simultaneous inversion for density and topography as well as inversion of multilayers. The authors present relevant practical iterative formulas and its varieties when density distribution varies with depth in linear or exponential relation. In order to maintain computation stability and speed up iteration convergence, some approaches are taken in the program design, for instance shifting lower interface of the studied layer, inverting corrections of topography, reducing grid boundary effects and utilizing low-pass filter. With the consideration of the nonuniqueness of the inversion, a method of using seismic data to constrain the range ofpossible models is discussed. It is pointed out that the density variation generates less effects than those of topography on the spectrum of gravity anomaly in second order. Therefore density contrast and topography can be inverted simultaneously by an alternative weighting iteration. By analogy, the inversion of multilayer model can be done in the above procedure. An approach of model decomposition is useful in the computation of multilayer model. The techniques discussed in the present paper for gravitational field are also valid for magnetic field.     

旋挖钻头设计制造数据库系统设计

旋挖钻进施工目前是我国常用的桩工施工工法。旋挖钻机施工由于效率高、噪声低、环保、成孔质量高等特点,施工范围极广。但由于施工地层各不相同,需要选择不同形式的钻头来满足不同的施工要求。合理地选择和使用旋挖钻头,能够丰富旋挖钻机的施工工艺,拓宽旋挖钻机的施工领域。建立旋挖钻头数据库系统,为旋挖钻头的设计、制造、选型提供数据支撑,满足日益复杂的施工要求。本文介绍了旋挖钻头设计制造数据库系统的设计及应用情况。     

Modelling the Impact of Rockmass and Blast Design Variation on Blast Fragmentation

Most blast fragmentation models assume the rock mass properties. explosive properties and blast design variables to be constants and uniformly distributed within a blast. However, in reality all these input variables vary within a blast resulting in variation in the resulting fragmentation size distribution. A stochastic modelling approach is introduced in this paper to quantify this variation. This technique takes the input variables as statistical distributions rather than constants and through several thousand iterations, generates a statistical representation of the expected fragmentation resulting from a poduction blast. A case study of three production blasts from a large open pit mine are presented and the modelled fragmentation 'envelope' shows good agreement with the fragmentation 'envelope' estimated from Split image analysis. The various blast-related parameters influence different parts of the fragmentation distribution, e.g., rock strength and explosive velocity of detonation have most impact on the fines. The technique is used to identify the parameters that have the greatest influence on various size fractions. Such an analysis will be useful to direct resources to efficiently minimise the variation.     

坑道钻机设计刍议

自七十年代引进瑞典Diamec-250钻机之后,国内先后研制出钻石-300、MK-300等坑道钻机。其中 MK-300型钻机在投入使用之后,虽然用户反映需要改进,但普遍认为该机技术先进,操作简单省力,适合煤矿井下工作条件。下面结合几年来从事MK-300型钻机设计工作的实践,谈谈该机油路设计及链条倍速传动问题。     

MD－50型钻机液压系统的设计

介绍了ＭＤ－５０型钻机液压系统的设计原理和主要液压元件的选择依据，并通过对设计和实践的总结，谈了作者在全液压钻机液压系统设计中的一些体会。     

微机型钻机性能测试仪的设计

介绍了利用微机技术设计的钻机性能测试仪的技术参数，功能的实现及硬软件的设计，该仪器可测量２８个参数。     

岩心定向检测仪的设计与实验研究

本文设计了一种基于机械法的岩心定向仪。机械部分采用三把刻刀在岩心上刻标记线,作为岩心方位的基准线;电路部分以ATmega8单片机为控制核心,用HMR3300传感器随钻测得靠近岩心管的仪器仓的俯仰角和侧滚角,间接测得岩心的俯仰角和侧滚角,存于U盘。介绍了HMR3300与刻刀的安装关系,推导了高边工具面角的计算方法,并通过实验找到HMR3300不同安装方式下,高边工具面角真值φ'与计算值φ间的关系,岩心方位角与测井得到的孔斜方位角ψ和高边工具面角真值φ'的关系,依此PC机编程计算得岩心方位角。实验表明,在井眼顶角大于1°时,其测量平均误差能够控制在3°以内,并可稳定工作,基本满足工程要求。     

山地丘陵地区物探爆破孔钻机及配套机具的研究与开发

为满足我国山地丘陵地区物探爆破孔施工技术的要求，研究适合土层、岩层钻进用的钻机及工具，对钻机的配套设备进行了开发研究。分析了国内山地丘陵地区物探爆破孔施工技术现状，并着重介绍了研制设计内容及生产试验情况。     

TK-3液压立轴式钻机

继TK-1、TK-4、TK-5钻机之后,我们又研制成功了 TK-3钻机。这种钻机保留了原 TK 系列钻机的优点,克服了 TK 系列钻机的不足,在试验中获得较好的评价。     

QY-3型轻便取样钻机的研制

QY-3型轻便取样钻机是为满足地质大调查的需要而研制的。介绍了其主要结构、功能特点、技术参数及设计思路，并对离合器的相关计算进行了分析。最后介绍了钻机的试验情况及需要改进的地方。     

CD-3型岩心钻机的研制

介绍了ＣＤ－３型岩心钻机研制情况，技术参数，主要特点及型式检验，生产试验和鉴定情况。     

山地大型障碍区三维地震观测系统的设计与应用

在三维地震勘探中,在山地大型障碍区布设观测系统,为了避免因地表障碍物使地震反射剖面出现间断,需要动态调整观测系统设计,跨越大型障碍物（水库,矿区等）,以确保面元属性均匀,最佳压制噪声,以获得好的反射资料。在参与和研究野外实际过障碍观测系统的基础上,提出一套从物理点优化调整到辅助检测的方法。其基本思路是：利用高精度数字卫星照片和地震测量成果,对设计的规则观测系统进行反复调整,尽量避开障碍物,在计算出调整后的覆盖次数、炮检距,以及方位角分布情况后,设计出适用于障碍区的动态观测系统。这里总结了几条设计原则,并给出了相应的调整方法和辅助检测手段。通过合理动态调整炮点和检波点的位置,成功地解决了穿越大型障碍区时有效接收和安全激发的问题,确保了面元内覆盖次数、炮检距、方位角等属性的均匀,在W探区三维资料采集应用中取得了理想的效果。     

金刚石定位排布钻头设计

对孕镶金刚石钻头中的金刚石定位排布方式和参数进行了分析,设计、制造出40/45目和50/60目金刚石定位排布钻头。在广西横县孟村矿区的钻进试验中,40/45目金刚石钻头的寿命是普通钻头的1.84倍;50/60目金刚石钻头的寿命是普通钻头的2.74倍,时效提高19.7%。     

钻机方案设计专家系统的研究

专家系统是人工智能领域中最重要而且有活力的分支这一,它在机械设计领域中的应用,对于推动机制设计过程向自动化及智能化方向的发展,具有极其重要的现实意义,论述了钻机设计专家系统研究中的一些主要问题,探讨了钻机设计专家系统要完成的主要目标和任务以及实现方法,并研究了适合于钻机设计专家系统要求的知识表示,知识获取和知识推理方法。     

声频振动钻机及其液压系统的设计

介绍了新型声频振动钻机的发展现状、原理及优点，与传统的钻机相比，这种钻机具有高效、安全、可靠的优点；同时介绍了声频振动钻机液压系统的工作原理和各油路系统。     

Blast Design Using Measurement While Drilling Parameters

Measurement while drilling (MWD) techniques can provide a useful tool to aid drill and blast engineers in open cut mining. By avoiding time consuming tasks such as scan-lines and rock sample collection for laboratory tests, MWD techniques can not only save time but also improve the reliability of the blast design by providing the drill and blast engineer with the information specially tailored for use. While most mines use a standard blast pattern and charge per blasthole, based on a single rock factor for the entire bench or blast region, information derived from the MWD parameters can improve the blast design by providing more accurate rock properties for each individual blasthole. From this, decisions can be made on the most appropriate type and amount of explosive charge to place in a per blasthole or to optimise the inter-hole timing detonation time of different decks and blastholes. Where real-time calculations are feasible, the system could extend the present blast design even be used to determine the placement of subsequent holes towards a more appropriate blasthole pattern design like asymmetrical blasting.