The emplacement of the Late Miocene Monte Capanne intrusion (Elba Island,Central Italy): constraints from magnetic fabric analyses

Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) analysis has been carried out in the thermometamorphic aureole surrounding the Late Miocene Monte Capanne pluton (Elba Island, Central Italy). The identification and separation of the main carriers of the magnetic susceptibility by low-temperature and high-field AMS measurements demonstrate that a correct knowledge of the magnetic fabric is needed in order to use AMS for tectonic interpretations. Magnetic fabric data, combined with structural data from the aureole, and their comparison with data from the pluton itself, were used to constraint the mode of pluton emplacement. Results document an intimate linkage between the magmatic flow pattern and the syn-metamorphic fabrics acquired during pluton emplacement in the host rocks. The magnetic/structural fabric in the aureole rocks is dominated by flattening deformation and no systematic relationship with any regional tectonic feature is observed. These results suggest that local processes induced by magma ascent in the upper crust might have played a primary role in space generation for pluton emplacement in the Tuscan Magmatic Province, suggesting a revaluation of the modes of pluton emplacement during the post-orogenic evolution of the northern Apennine system as a whole.     

铜陵凤凰山岩体侵位构造变形特征

通过对凤凰山岩体的野外研究,显微构造,包体测量及磁组构分析,详尽解析凤凰山岩体的侵位构造变形特征,并厘定了岩体变形过程中的应变状。结果表明表明凤凰山岩体ＮＮＥ向水平左旋剪切应力及重力的联合用用下呈气囊膨胀式同构造侵位的机制。     

南秦岭晚三叠世胭脂坝岩体的磁组构特征及意义

胭脂坝岩体是秦岭造山带内具典型代表性意义的晚三叠世花岗岩,已有的年代学和地球化学研究对岩体的侵位机制有着不同的认识。采用磁组构方法研究了该岩体的内部组构特征,并结合区域构造探讨了岩体的侵位机制。结果显示,胭脂坝岩体51个采点、348个样品的平均体积磁化率（K_m）值普遍小于100 μSI,总体较低。磁滞回线和热磁曲线特征表明,岩体磁组构主要由顺磁性矿物控制。大部分样品的校正磁化率各向异性度（P_J）值小于1.10,平均为1.06,表现出低各向异性度的总体特征。样品磁化率椭球形态参数（T）值多大于0,磁化率椭球体以压扁椭球为主。综合分析认为,岩体的磁组构是典型的岩浆组构,记录了岩浆侵位的流动构造。岩体磁组构以东西向中低角度倾伏的磁线理和南北向倾伏的磁面理为总体特征,磁线、面理轨迹揭示出岩浆自西向东的侵位流动。这样的岩浆侵位过程应与中、浅部地壳的走滑挤压构造相关,岩体侵位时造山带处于同碰撞构造环境。     

大别山双河片麻状花岗岩岩体石英组构特征及应变分析

对大别山双河片麻状花岗岩岩体中的石英C轴组构、黑云母(001)解理极点和石英颗粒三维应变分别进行系统测量。结果显示,双河岩体在侵位和后期演化过程中以挤压变形为特点,岩体经过NW-SE向和NE-SW向两次挤压,NW-SE向挤压强度较大,奠定了岩体基本的构造形态。结合区域应力场特征分析得出,双河岩体在早三叠世至早侏罗世应力方位为NW-SE向挤压,中侏罗世及后期为NE-SW向挤压,应力场发生顺时针变化。      

大别山南缘月山岩体构造变形特征及其地质意义

锆石U-Pb年龄表明鄂东月山岩体是一个古老花岗岩经后期重熔并于燕山中期(139Ma)侵入的花岗岩体,角闪石压力计得出侵位深度达24.5km.宏观构造、应变测量和石英C轴组构分析得出,月山岩体在深层侵位过程中受到NW-SE伸展和垂向挤压的区域应力作用.在南大别山分布众多类似岩体,从而表明在燕山中期,由NW-SE向的区域伸展体制控制南大别山的构造发展.     

地球内部物质、能量交换与资源和灾害

通过对凤凰山岩体接触带的变质与变形特征、显微构造及变形缩短量的计算 ,分析了凤凰山岩体侵位与接触带变形及区域变形的关系。通过接触带变质矿物变形特征的研究 ,揭示了热变质作用与侵位变形的同时性 ;接触带构造变形研究表明 ,岩体周围发育的流变褶皱、韧性剪切带、压溶缝合线等与岩体左旋上升与汽球膨胀侵位有关 ;围岩缩短量的计算结果表明 ,岩体侵位过程造成强烈的围岩缩短是一种强力侵位机制。研究表明 ,凤凰山岩体侵位是在区域NNE向水平左旋剪切应力场作用下完成的。岩体接触带变形是NNE向水平左旋剪切应力与横向推挤的侵位应力联合作用下形成的。     

Emplacement and deformation of the ca. 1.45 Ga Karlshamn granitoid pluton,southeastern Sweden,during ENE-WSW Danopolonian shortening

Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility and structural geology of the ca. 1.45 Ga Karlshamn pluton (southern Sweden) are used to study its emplacement and structural evolution. The Karlshamn pluton is one of the largest metaluminous A-type granitoid intrusions in southern Sweden. It is a multiphase body made up of two suites that differ in composition but which have similar crystallization ages. The magmatic foliation, ductile shear zones and granite–pegmatite filled fractures were mapped as well as the metamorphic foliation and extension lineation in the metamorphic host rocks. The anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility was used to map the magnetite petrofabric of the pluton, providing a larger data set for both the magmatic foliations and lineations, which could not be mapped in the field. The fabrics within the pluton are continuous with the metamorphic fabrics in the country rocks. Both the pluton and the country rock fabrics were folded during ENE–WSW compression, while the pluton was still a magma mush. The stress field orientation during cooling of the pluton is determined on the basis of magmatic, ductile and brittle structures in the Karlshamn pluton that formed successively as the pluton cooled. The compressional event is referred to as the Danopolonian orogeny and therefore the Karlshamn granitoids, and other plutons of similar composition and age in central and southern Sweden, on the Danish Island of Bornholm, and in Lithuania, may be considered as syntectonic intrusions and not as anorogenic, as was previously thought.     

Study of the Emplacement Mechanism of the Fenghuangshan Granite Pluton and Related Cu-Au Mineralization in Tongling, Anhui Province

The Fenghuangshan Pluton is located in the Tongling polymineral-cluster district in the middle-lower section of the Yangtze metallogenic belt. In tectonic terms, it is in the middle of the Guichi-Fanchang faulted fold bundle of the lower Yangtze Platform fold belt between the Dabie Orogenic Belt and the Jiangnan Massif. Analyses of the structural deformation characteristics of both the contact zone and the interior of the pluton are used to explain its emplacement mechanism. The foliation and lineation of the pluton, consisting of the oriented distribution of dark minerals and xenoliths, mainly concentrate along the margin of the pluton. Toward the center of the pluton, the foliation structure becomes weak, showing intense compression formation at the margin, and reflecting the conformable intrusion of the pluton. The relatively gentle lineation is evidence of a rotatory emplacement mechanism. Relatively steep marginal foliation reflects compression expanding. Affected by the thermal power of the pluton,     

玲珑花岗岩体的变形磁组构特征及其与金矿的关系

本文利用磁组构的方法对玲珑花岗岩体的磁组构特征及其与金矿的关系进行研究.玲珑岩体的磁化率各向异性度P的平均值为1.2872,具有典型的构造变形成因特点;磁面理围绕其西北侧的北截花岗闪长岩展布,倾角平缓;磁线理呈SW向近水平展布.玲珑岩体的变形磁组构的特征表明玲珑岩体的变形磁组构是由于后期侵入的北截郭家岭花岗闪长岩体侵入造成的.研究还发现除了断裂的控矿作用以外,位于玲珑岩体内部和边缘的金矿和磁化率各向异性间存在密切的空间对应关系.金矿往往位于磁化率各向异性度P值高的区域,而磁化率各向异性度P值低的区域金矿很少.     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987112000618

The Moyar Shear Zone(MSZ) of the South Indian granulite terrain hosts a prominent syenite pluton (～560 Ma) and associated NW-SE to NE-SW trending mafic dyke swarm(～65 Ma and 95 Ma). Preliminary magnetic fabric studies in the mafic dykes,using Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibly(AMS) studies at low-field,indicate successive emplacement and variable magma flow direction.Magnetic lineation and foliation in these dykes are identical to the mesoscopic fabrics in MSZ mylonites,indicating shear zone guided emplacement.Spatial distribution of magnetic lineation in the dykes suggests a common conduit from which the source magma has been migrated.The magnetic foliation trajectories have a sigmoidal shape to the north of the pluton and curve into the MSZ suggesting dextral sense of shear.Identical fabric conditions for magnetic fabrics in the syenite pluton and measured field fabrics in mylonite indicate syntectonic emplacement along the Proterozoic crustal scale dextral shear zone with repeated reactivation history.     

凤凰山花岗岩体构造系统分析及侵位机制

本文从宏观上对凤凰山岩体的区域构造位置、岩体侵位前后的构造演化过程及岩浆侵位时的动力学条件进行了论述;对岩体内部及接触带的面理、线理进行了磁组构测量、显微构造观察、包体应变测量及X光组构分析等系统研究,最终获得如下结论:该岩体侵位除有膨胀作用外,在岩体侵位后期还有过旋转运动,而且岩体侵位受到NNE向左旋剪切作用控制。      

The role of extensional tectonics at different crustal levels on granite ascent and emplacement: an example from Tuscany (Italy)

The role of regional extension on the rise and emplacement of granites in the crust is still debated. Pluton ascent and emplacement widely occurred in Tuscany (Italy) since late Miocene during the post-orogenic collapse of the inner Apennines, and are presently occurring in the geothermal areas of Amiata and Larderello. Tuscany offers a preferred test site to study the role of regional extension on pluton ascent and emplacement at different crustal levels. Ductile extension enhanced the segregation and ascent of granitic melts in the lower crust, controlling pluton emplacement in correspondence with the brittle–ductile transition. In the brittle crust, magma ascent occurred through subvertical faults and fractures compatible with the regional extension direction; pluton emplacement mainly occurred by means of roof lifting. The case of Tuscany suggests that the extensional structures enhance melt segregation and ascent in the ductile crust, but are not efficient alone to provide a pathway for the ascent of granitic magmas in the brittle-extending crust. The estimated magmatic strain rates due to pluton emplacement in the geothermal areas are much larger than the regional tectonic strain rates. This suggests that regional tectonics did not control magma emplacement in the brittle crust and explains why nontectonic processes (roof lifting) accommodated the space required for pluton emplacement.     

Emplacement Mechanism of the Akebasitao Pluton: Implications for Regional Tectonic Evolution of West Junggar, NW China

Late Carboniferous to Early Permian A-type granites are extensively distributed throughout the West Junggar region, NW China, and the Akebasitao pluton is extremely distinguished among these plutons. In this paper, we reported new anisotropy of magnetic susceptible (AMS) data combine with detailed field study and audio magnetotelluric (AMT) sounding to assess the three-dimensional shape and magmatic emplacement mechanism of the Akebasitao pluton. The geological features and the AMT sounding indicate that the pluton had a slightly oblique movement of magma from northwest to southeast, which was most likely to correspond to an asymmetrical torch with a laccolith-shaped upper part, and a lower part formed by sub-vertical “root” that was located within its northwestern part, probably controlled by the NE-trending Anqi fault. The AMS fabrics of all the specimens reveal a low Pj value (mean of 1.02) and a low T value (mean of ?0.024), suggesting that the deformation of the AMS ellipsoid is relatively weak. The specimens exhibit both oblate and prolate shapes of the AMS ellipsoid. Magnetic lineations and foliations are randomly distributed throughout the pluton without any preferred orientation. These AMS patterns indicate that the pluton formed in a relatively stable structural environment with no regional extrusion. Therefore, we propose a complex emplacement process in which the magmas reached the shallower crust levels via deep-faults and subsequently occupied the room created by doming, accompanied by stoping near the pluton roof. Additionally, the regional tectonic setting was relatively stable during the emplacement of the Akebasitao pluton, indicating the termination of compressional orogeny during the late Late Carboniferous in the West Junggar region. This conclusion perfectly coincides with the regional tectonic paleogeography, magmatic system, and paleostress field.     

Granitoid emplacement during syn-convergent transtension:An example from the Huamenlou pluton in North Qinling,central China

The Huamenlou pluton,is an elongated granite intrusion with high aspect ratio,emplaced within the southern margin of the North Qinling(central China).Here we investigate this pluton through multiple techniques including the fabric study,microstructural observation and zircon geochronology.Our zircon U-Pb data confirm that the granite crystallized at ca.462 Ma which is consistent with the ages of other linear plutons in North Qinling.Microstructural observations of the Huamenlou granites illustrate that the pluton has undergone superimposed deformation during its emplacement,from magmatic to hightemperature solid state conditions.The internal fabric obtained by anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility(AMS)and shape preferred orientation(SPO)show similar results.The fabrics are relatively concordant and generally vary from NE-SW to NEE-SWW which are roughly oblique to the trend of the pluton elongation and the regional structures.Meanwhile,scalar parameters reflect two completely different strain regimes for the pluton and its host rocks,i.e.,the fabrics within host rocks are mainly oblate while the central part of the intrusion displays mainly prolate fabrics.It is inferred that the structural pattern recorded in this pluton was caused by local dextral transtension in consequence of oblique convergence between the South and North China Blocks.We propose that the local transtension in convergence setting probably evolved from vertical extrusion tectonics that provided room for the magma emplacement and imparted prolate fabrics in the Huamenlou pluton.     

北京西山房山岩体西北部强变形带的成因新解

北京西山房山岩体西北缘不对称发育一条弧形塑性强变形带,前人根据岩体东南部组构缓倾和岩体内部强应变分布特征提出岩浆斜向底辟侵位模式(王人镜等,1990;张吉顺和李志中,1990)。本文在前人研究的基础上,对房山岩体的组构进行系统观测,研究了西北缘固态塑性强变形带地质特征,着重探讨了岩体侵位时围岩热结构状态。文章认为岩浆同侵位固态塑性强变形带的形成需要早期岩浆进入准固态-固态和后期岩浆膨胀动力这两个必要条件。房山岩体西北部的强变形带是由于岩体侵位时西部围岩的温度较低,岩浆较早进入准固态-固态,后期岩浆侵位时膨胀动力双重因素造成的,提出了围岩热结构状态是房山岩体不对称的固态塑性强变形带的控制因素,而不是岩浆斜向底辟侵位的结果。这一研究成果不仅较合理地解释了房山岩体强变形带不对称发育特征,而且对研究同类花岗质岩体的定位机制有一定启示意义。     

广西姑婆山岩体侵位构造及侵位机制研究

本文从环形构造和线性构造特征、侵位断裂—岩墙、岩脉、定向构造和挤压变形构造、外接触带的褶皱构造、岩体的应变测量等方面,系统地对姑婆山花岗岩的侵位构造进行了研究,并得出了该岩体属“气球膨胀”的侵位机制。     

Magnetic and structural study of the Eaux-Chaudes intrusion: understanding the Variscan deformation in the Western Axial Zone (Pyrenees)

The present study provides new magnetic and microstructural data for the Eaux-Chaudes granodioritic massif (Western Axial Zone, Pyrenees) and contributes to the understanding of its geometry, internal structure and emplacement mechanism. Moreover, the geological cross-sections and field data allow to reconstruct the evolution of the whole area from Variscan to Alpine times and to integrate the emplacement of the igneous body in the context of the Variscan orogeny. The Eaux-Chaudes pluton (301?±?9?Ma) is mainly composed by granodiorite, describing a normal compositional zoning and an approximately concentric arrangement that is consistent with the zonation of the low-field magnetic susceptibility. Magnetic foliation is subhorizontal in the inner part of the intrusion and becomes parallel to the petrographical contacts along pluton margins, roughly describing the geometry of the intrusion. Magnetic lineations are dominantly subhorizontal, with E–W to ENE–WSW directional maximum. The general parallelism between Variscan structures of the host rock and the geometry and magmatic fabric of the intrusion reveals a late syn-Variscan emplacement. The tectonic regime registered during magma emplacement is in agreement with an N–S shortening and an E–W stretching direction, consistent with the transpressive regime deduced for other Pyrenean intrusions. Alpine overprint produced a slight tilting in the southern part of the intrusion, but it can be considered that the original Variscan structure is basically unchanged.     

Incremental emplacement and syn-tectonic deformation of Late Triassic granites in the Qinling Orogen: Structural and geochronological constraints

Granitoids are important components of major orogenic belts, and provide important information about the regional geodynamic evolution. The emplacement mechanism of granite plutons and its relationship with regional tectonics has long been discussed, although it still remains debated. The Qinling Orogen within the Central China Orogen was marked by the emplacement of numerous Late Triassic granitic plutons. Although the petrology, geochemistry and geochronology of these intrusions have been addressed in various studies, their tectonic setting remains controversial, particularly since the structural aspects not been evaluated in detail. In this study, we attempt to reconstruct the emplacement process of the Late Triassic Dongjiangkou pluton in the South Qinling Belt. Field observations show extensive syn-plutonic deformations both in the pluton and its contact zones. Microstructural observations demonstrate that fabrics in the pluton were mainly acquired during submagmatic flow to high-T solid-state deformation. Zircon U–Pb ages reveal that the pluton is a composite intrusion which is composed of two juxtaposed small plutons with distinct ages (~210 Ma and ~200 Ma). Al-in-hornblende thermobarometer indicates that the pluton was formed at depths ranging from 4.7 km to 8.8 km, with an increasing depth trend from the inner unit to the outer unit. Distribution of the internal fabrics shows two concentric patterns which are concordant with pluton margins at the pluton scale and were probably induced by the regional sinistral transpression. Integrating these analyses, an incremental emplacement model is proposed for the syn-tectonic pluton. This model not only solves the ‘room problem’ but also accounts for the zoned petrological features of the pluton. Combined with previous studies, we suggest that the Late Triassic granite plutons in the Qinling Orogen were emplaced under a syn-collisional convergence setting, and that the granite magmatism was probably controlled by regional tectonics. Additionally, the incremental emplacement model may be a common mechanism for the Late Triassic granite plutons.     

Regional thermo-rheological field related to granite emplacement in the upper crust: implications for the Larderello area (Tuscany,Italy)

We modelled thermo-rheological perturbations, related to the emplacement of a magmatic body in the upper crust. This approach was considered relevant for the areas characterized by elevated surface heat flow and chiefly for the geothermal fields. The numerical conductive thermal model applied to the Larderello geothermal area in Tuscany, allowed to constrain size, depth and timing of emplacement of the pluton. We inferred that the emplacement of a magmatic body, at a minimum depth of 3 km, having a horizontal extension of 14 km and a maximum thickness of 8 km, can reasonably reproduce the observed regional surface heat flow anomaly of the Larderello area, when 300 (± 100) kyr are elapsed from the magma emplacement. Even assuming an incremental growth, the first magma injection should not be older than 1 ± 0.3 Ma.

Results of the thermal model were used to set up a rheological model and to simulate the drifting of the brittle-ductile transition during the cooling of the pluton. A comparison with the K-horizon profile, a prominent seismic reflector in the Larderello area, was then performed. It was found that the K-horizon approximately corresponds with the pluton roof and with the current location of the brittle-ductile transition.     

The high‐K calc‐alkaline Alagoinhas pluton: anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility,geochemistry, emplacement setting,and implications for the evolution of Borborema Province,NE Brazil

The Alagoinhas pluton is a member of the widespread high‐K calc‐alkaline association of northeastern Brazil. Some authors suggest that this region represents an amalgamation of distinct tectonic terranes assembled during the Brasiliano (Pan‐African) orogeny. Our work compares geochemical data (major, trace and REE) of the Alagoinhas with other plutons of same petrotectonic association (Caruaru‐Arcoverde batholith). These plutons apparently intrude several distinct tectonic terranes, separated by a major E‐W dextral transcurrent system, the East Pernambuco shear zone (EPSZ). Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility and structural data for the Alagoinhas pluton are used to compare tectonic regimes across the EPSZ. The results indicate that the Caruaru‐Arcoverde batholith and the Alagoinhas pluton evolved from similar sources and were subjected to the same tectonic regime during emplacement, placing severe restrictions on use of the EPSZ as a suture zone between distinct tectonic terranes.