鄂尔多斯盆地马家沟组白云岩稀土元素地球化学特征

稀土元素具良好的地球化学过程示踪性,且受成岩流体影响小,在分析白云岩化流体性质和白云岩化成岩环境方面具有独特效果。采用中子活化法对鄂尔多斯盆地马家沟组白云岩稀土元素地球化学特征进行研究。结果表明:泥微晶白云岩REE质量分数为(2.907～140.09)×10-6,平均为46.917×10-6,低于泥晶灰岩中的含量,δEu平均为0.634,δCe平均为0.942,配分模式与泥晶灰岩相似,显示该类白云岩形成于低温氧化环境,白云岩化流体为海水或海源流体,可能为准同生白云岩化;晶粒白云岩REE质量分数为(3.392～18.435)×10-6,平均为8.788×10-6,远小于海相泥晶灰岩,δEu平均为0.724,δCe平均为0.78,配分模式与泥晶灰岩相似,且与泥微晶白云岩趋于一致,说明其形成于相对高温还原环境,白云岩化流体为海源流体,可能为埋藏白云岩化;溶蚀残余白云岩REE含量高,配分模式与泥晶灰岩不同且不具Eu正异常,指示岩溶流体可能为大气淡水。     

川东-渝北地区黄龙组白云岩储层稀土元素地球化学特征

内容提要：石炭系黄龙组白云岩储层是川东-渝北地区天然气藏最重要的储集岩类型之一,依据岩石学特征和沉积相及地球化学特征,可将川东-渝北地区石炭系广泛发育的白云岩划分为准同生白云岩、成岩埋藏白云岩、古表生期淡水白云石和深埋藏热液异形白云石四种成因类型,其中具备储集意义的仅为交代成因的成岩期交代成因的埋藏白云岩和古表生期形成的岩溶岩,岩性主要为颗粒和晶粒白云岩及白云质岩溶角砾岩。白云岩稀土元素地球化学分析结果为：①弱溶蚀、强溶蚀准同生和成岩埋藏白云岩分别都具有相似的ΣREE值、ΣLREE/ΣHREE比、REE配分模式和δCe、δEu负异常,但弱溶蚀白云岩各参数值相对较低;②淡水白云石具有很低的ΣREE值、弱Ce负异常和中等-较强的Eu负异常;③热液异形白云石ΣREE、REE配分模式和δCe特征与淡水白云石相似,而δEu最高。上述特征进一步表明各成因类型白云岩的稀土元素各项参数和配分模式差异明显,与较晚期次流体的物理化学性质密切相关,特点为：准同生期和早-中成岩期埋藏白云岩受表生期岩溶作用影响较大,而深埋藏期热液异形白云石明显叠加有深部热液流体的影响。     

川东—渝北地区黄龙组白云岩储层稀土元素地球化学特征

内容提要：石炭系黄龙组白云岩储层是川东-渝北地区天然气藏最重要的储集岩类型之一,依据岩石学特征和沉积相及地球化学特征,可将川东-渝北地区石炭系广泛发育的白云岩划分为准同生白云岩、成岩埋藏白云岩、古表生期淡水白云石和深埋藏热液异形白云石四种成因类型,其中具备储集意义的仅为交代成因的成岩期交代成因的埋藏白云岩和古表生期形成的岩溶岩,岩性主要为颗粒和晶粒白云岩及白云质岩溶角砾岩。白云岩稀土元素地球化学分析结果为：①弱溶蚀、强溶蚀准同生和成岩埋藏白云岩分别都具有相似的ΣREE值、ΣLREE/ΣHREE比、REE配分模式和δCe、δEu负异常,但弱溶蚀白云岩各参数值相对较低;②淡水白云石具有很低的ΣREE值、弱Ce负异常和中等-较强的Eu负异常;③热液异形白云石ΣREE、REE配分模式和δCe特征与淡水白云石相似,而δEu最高。上述特征进一步表明各成因类型白云岩的稀土元素各项参数和配分模式差异明显,与较晚期次流体的物理化学性质密切相关,特点为：准同生期和早-中成岩期埋藏白云岩受表生期岩溶作用影响较大,而深埋藏期热液异形白云石明显叠加有深部热液流体的影响。     

黔北铝土矿稀土元素富集机制——以新民铝土矿为例

通过对黔北新民铝土矿岩矿石稀土元素的系统分析,探讨了黔北铝土矿稀土元素特征与富集机制。研究发现:黄龙组灰岩呈"平坦型"稀土元素配分模式,韩家店群泥岩、梁山组炭质泥岩及大竹园组(含矿岩系)呈"右倾型"轻稀土富集特征,而大竹园组随着风化作用的增强从陡"右倾型"的铝质泥岩→缓"右倾型"的豆状、致密块状、碎屑状铝土矿→缓"左倾型"土状铝土矿的特征。且含矿岩系由底到顶,∑REE具减少趋势,顺着其倾向∑REE有下降趋势,沿着走向其有升高趋势;这受到不同底板岩性及厚度大小的影响,底板泥岩比灰岩更易使含矿岩系富集稀土,同为灰岩,其厚度越大其稀土总量有富集趋势。而∑REE受到矿物组合(岩性)控制,其有"含独高稀,鲕粒富稀,豆状少稀,高铝贫稀"特征。对实验数据进行分析和做相关性图解(Sr/Ba—∑REE、Sr/Cu—∑REE、δCe—∑REE、δEu—∑REE)可知,在干热气候的海相咸水环境更易使稀土富集,虽含矿岩系主要是在氧化环境中形成,但高∑REE样品易在还原环境中富集。     

下扬子地区上震旦统-下古生界白云岩地球化学特征及成因：以南京地区为例

扬子地台上震旦统-下古生界白云岩广泛发育，是最重要的碳酸盐岩储集层.目前对下扬子地区白云岩的研究程度较低，严重制约了对该区白云岩储层性能的深化认识和油气勘探工作.研究以南京地区为例，通过对该区上震旦统-下古生界白云岩进行系统的岩石学、主量和微量元素、碳-氧同位素及稀土元素分析，确定了白云岩的类型及成因.结果表明：研究区发育泥晶白云岩、粉-细晶白云岩、细晶白云岩、中晶白云岩4种白云岩类型.上震旦统泥晶白云岩具有较高的Mg含量和较低的Fe、Mn、Sr元素含量，δ¹⁸O平均值高达0.2‰，形成温度近于地表温度，盐度指数明显高于海水，∑REE值约为28×10^-6,δCe和δEu呈负异常，平均分别为0.867和0.917，稀土元素配分模式与海相灰岩类似，为近地表强蒸发浓缩海水流体环境下准同生白云石化成因；中寒武统粉-细晶白云岩晶体具有雾心亮边和环边状结构，Mg、Fe、Mn元素含量和稀土元素特征与泥晶白云岩类似，盐度指数较高，说明有相似的海水流体性质，δ¹⁸O值介于-2.5‰～-6.5‰，为浅埋藏环境下渗透回流白云石化成因；上寒武统...     

四川盆地东南缘中上寒武统白云岩稀土元素特征及成因意义——以贵州毕节长树田剖面为例

以野外剖面测量及沉积相分析为基础,结合室内薄片鉴定,分析了贵州毕节长树田中上寒武统白云岩稀土元素特征,认为该区白云岩普遍具有交代残余结构和ΣREE较高的特点,且以下部含灰泥质白云岩ΣREE含量最高。该区白云岩下部REE高含量主要来自陆源碎屑注入和粘土矿物的吸附作用,而白云岩整体ΣREE含量较高,与沉积时高咸度卤水在早期埋藏作用中渗透回流交代有着密切的关系。δEu和δCe相比,δCe值较大,反映出弱氧化和高碱度沉积环境,Ce具弱富集特征,与其沉积时处于局限台地环境,水体较浅,易于氧化,且水体较咸,处于碱性沉积环境,沉积了石膏、岩盐等盐类矿物等地质事实相吻合。     

扬子板块北缘马元铅锌矿床稀土元素地球化学研究

马元铅锌矿床是近年来在扬子板块北缘铅锌找矿的新突破。文章通过对马元铅锌矿床原生矿体中不同脉石矿物及矿区出露地层中稀土元素地球化学特征的研究,探讨了其成矿物质来源。马元矿区热液脉石矿物及出露的沉积地层稀土元素北美页岩标准化配分曲线总体呈比较平坦的特点,而且在Y-∑REE图解中呈线性分布,表明成矿物质主要来源于沉积地层。晚期方解石较早期热液白云石具有轻稀土元素总量高且相对富集的特点,表明二者是不同来源流体演化的结果。早期热液白云石在稀土元素总量(ΣREE)、轻、重稀土元素比值LREE/HREE以及在Y-∑REE图解上的分布等方面与灯影组白云岩比较接近,说明早期热液白云石主要来源于灯影组白云岩的溶解;而晚期方解石稀土元素总量明显高于灯影组白云岩而低于基底及古生代沉积碎屑岩系,晚期流体可能流经了具有高稀土元素总量的基底及沉积盆地中的碎屑岩系。矿区热液脉石矿物北美页岩标准化稀土元素配分曲线均显示出有较明显的Eu异常,表明成矿流体具有相对较高温(>200℃)和还原的环境。     

广西靖西县三合铝土矿稀土元素地球化学研究

以等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）对靖西三合14个堆积铝土矿石样品进行稀土元素含量测试,并同靖西、平果等地各类铝土矿、灰岩等样品对比分析,结果表明：（1）矿石样品的REE丰度具有∑REE富集、LREE与HREE分异且LREE相对富集、δCe〉1及δEu〈1等显著特征;（2）矿石样品的REE配分模式同靖西、平果等地茅口灰岩基本相同,而与古陆杂岩差异明显,显示出被动大陆边缘地带海相沉积的典型特征,表明茅口灰岩为原生铝土矿为的矿源物质,并在海侵的地质背景下于海陆过渡相沉积形成．     

新疆包尔图铜矿稀土元素地球化学特征及其地质意义

包尔图铜矿床位于南天山库米什洋盆俯冲变质带的边缘,矿体受断裂构造控制。矿区围岩为一套中深变质岩,其稀土元素组成具有如下特征:∑REE较高,LREE/HREE=2.46～16.86,轻重稀土元素明显分异,且轻稀土相对富集,负铕异常,配分模式曲线向右倾斜。矿石的∑REE相对较低,LREE/HREE=0.06～0.97,轻重稀土元素明显分异,重稀土相对富集,配分曲线向左倾斜,与混合岩脉体的稀土元素配分模式相近。稀土元素组成特征指示矿床的成矿过程可能与混合岩化作用有关。结合矿床地质特征,认为包尔图铜矿床为变质热液型铜矿床。     

塔里木盆地寒武系—奥陶系白云岩稀土元素特征及其成因意义

塔里木盆地寒武系—奥陶系白云岩是重要的油气储集层,按能反映成因的结构构造特征将其分为4类,即泥晶—粉晶白云岩、藻纹层白云岩、斑状白云岩及重结晶白云岩。通过分析各类白云岩的稀土元素组成特征,并结合岩石学研究,探讨了各类白云岩成岩流体性质及其水岩比的相对大小。4类白云岩的ΣREE差别较大,但稀土元素配分模式均具LREE轻微富集、HREE亏损、Eu负异常且与海相泥晶灰岩相似的特征,其稀土元素配分模式主要受海水的影响。4类白云岩经受的成岩作用差别明显,但REE迁移行为类似,无明显分馏。泥晶—粉晶白云岩中ΣREE平均值为51.55×10-6,与泥晶灰岩相近,其ΣREE主要受控于原岩,受后期成岩作用的影响相对较小,其成岩过程的水岩比较小。藻纹层白云岩的ΣREE平均值为21.37×10-6,不及海相泥晶灰岩的1/2;岩石学及地球化学资料反映其成因与藻类密切相关,其低ΣREE可能是由ΣREE极低的藻类参与白云岩化所致,后期成岩改造作用对其影响并不明显。斑状白云岩的ΣREE平均值为28.89×10-6,远低于泥晶灰岩及泥晶—粉晶白云岩,反映其白云岩化过程的水岩比远高于泥晶—粉晶白云岩。重结晶白云岩的ΣREE平均值为13.64×10-6,不及泥晶灰岩的1/4,在4类白云岩中最低,岩石学特征表明此类白云岩经受了白云岩化及后期强烈重结晶2期主要成岩作用,而这2期成岩作用均需极高的水岩比,此类白云岩的稀土元素组成特征主要是这2期成岩作用叠加的结果,其低ΣREE值可能是大量ΣREE含量极低的成岩流体改造的结果。     

Origin and diagenetic evolution of Ca–Mg–Fe carbonates in some coalfields of Japan

Carbonate concretions, lenses and bands in the Pleistocene, Palaeogene and Upper Triassic coalfields of Japan consist of various carbonate minerals with varied chemical compositions. Authigenic carbonates in freshwater sediments are siderite > calcite > ankerite > dolomite >> ferroan magnesite; in brackish water to marine sediments in the coal measures, calcite > dolomite > ankerite > siderite >> ferroan magnesite; and in the overlying marine deposits, calcite > dolomite >> siderite. Most carbonates were formed progressively during burial within a range of depths between the sediment-water interface and approximately 3 km. The mineral species and the chemical composition of the carbonates are controlled primarily by the initial sedimentary facies of the host sediments and secondarily by the diagenetic evolution of pore water during burial. Based on the regular sequence and burial depth of precipitation of authigenic carbonates in a specific sedimentary facies, three diagenetic stages of carbonates are proposed. Carbonates formed during Stage I (< 500 m) strongly reflect the initial sedimentary facies, e.g. low Ca-Mg siderite in freshwater sediments which are initially rich in iron derived from lateritic soil on the nearby landmass, and Mg calcite and dolomite in brackish-marine sediments whose pore waters abound in Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ originating in seawater and calcareous shells. Carbonates formed during Stage II (500–2000 m) include high Ca-Mg siderite, ankerite, Fe dolomite and Fe–Mg calcite in freshwater sediments. The assemblage of Stage II carbonates in brackish-marine sediments in the coal measures is similar to that in freshwater sediments. This suggests similar diagenetic environments owing to an effective migration and mixing of pore water due to the compaction of host sediments. Carbonates formed during Stage III (> 2000 m) are Fe calcite and extremely high Ca-Mg siderite; the latter is exclusively in marine mudstones. The supply of Ca is partly from the alteration of silicates in the sediments at elevated burial temperatures. After uplift, calcite with low Mg content precipitates from percolating groundwater and fills extensional cracks.     

羌塘盆地中央隆起带南侧隆额尼—昂达尔错布曲组古油藏白云岩特征及成因机制

以系统的剖面测制及室内综合研究为基础,系统总结了隆额尼—昂达而错古油藏白云岩的矿物学、晶体学、岩石组构、沉积相、碳和氧同位素及流体包裹体等特征,在该区白云岩中发现了完整的交代鲕粒结构。该区白云岩的典型组构为交代残余结构、雾心亮边结构、等厚环边胶结及世代生长结构,白云岩化集中在台地边缘浅滩、潮坪及台地边缘藻丘礁;白云石晶体有序度总体较高,白云岩δ13C和δ18O值较伴生灰岩偏高,白云岩形成时盐度低于正常海水盐度,温度t高于地表平均温度;白云岩中包裹体含量少而小,均一温度均从白云岩中后期充填方解石脉中获取,其均一温度的两个区间与该区两次大的构造运动及油气生成、运聚过程吻合,白云岩形成于油气注入之前。各种特征均反映出该区白云岩为混合水交代成因,研究丰富了对该古油藏白云岩特征及白云岩成因机制的认识。     

Sedimentology and isotope geochemistry of lacustrine carbonates of the Oligocene Campins Basin, north-east Spain

The non-marine Campins Basin developed in the Oligocene, during a period of early rifting of the Catalan Coastal Ranges. Lacustrine deposits, interbedded between two alluvial units, comprise shallow and deep lacustrine facies. The lower, shallow lacustrine facies are made up of microbialite buildups and thin limestone beds. In the studied area, these facies are overlain by deep lacustrine facies which consist of alternations of several, metre-thick carbonate- and mudstone-dominated intervals. In addition to calcite, which is characteristic of the shallow lacustrine facies, aragonite and abundant dolomite are present in the deep lacustrine facies. This mineralogical change in the sequence reflects an overall increase in the Mg/Ca ratio of the lake waters. The deep lacustrine sequences are interpreted as having formed in a hydrologically closed basin that was subject to changes in the Mg/Ca ratio of the water, probably related to variations in the evaporation/precipitation rate. The sedimentological, mineralogical and isotopic characteristics of the Campins Basin dolomites suggest that, in general, they are primary in origin. The stable isotope data show an approximate covariance between δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O in the lower shallow lacustrine carbonates (calcite) which suggests that they formed during the onset of closure of the lake. The δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O values of the deep lacustrine carbonates display three different clusters that are roughly related to the carbonate mineralogy. Normalisation with respect to calcite of the isotopic compositions of dolomite and aragonite from the deep lacustrine carbonates allows the integration of all these isotope values into one covariant trend. The sequential appearance of different carbonate minerals and the isotopic covariant trend may indicate an overall evaporative concentration of the lake waters. The change in slope of the covariant trend for the isotope values between the shallow and the deep lacustrine carbonates might reflect the change in the waterbody morphology recorded in the basin fill sequence.     

羌塘盆地中央隆起带南侧隆额尼-昂达尔错古油藏白云岩地球化学特征及成因意义

以系统的岩石学及沉积相分析为基础,深入探讨了隆额尼-昂迭尔错古油藏白云岩及其伴生灰岩的地球化学特征,认为该区白云岩化作用主要集中在古地理相对高点的潮上高能带、潮坪环境及台地边缘藻丘礁三个沉积相带内,白云岩及伴生灰岩在地球化学特征方面表现出近岸及淡水作用的深刻影响,和前人关于混合水白云岩化作用气候和古地理条件的基本论断是一致的.淡水作用依据主要体现在:①白云岩及伴生灰岩中不溶残渣特征表现为潮湿的古气候环境;②与白云岩伴生灰岩中Sr、Na含量与美国密苏里、田纳西等地淡水成因灰岩Sr、Na含量十分相近;③灰岩及白云岩中微量元素B含量及Sr/Ba指数、Sr/Ca指数,常量元素中m、Fe/Mn指数均反映出该区碳酸盐岩形成于近岸的碳酸盐台地环境,灰岩及白云岩均曾受到淡水的深刻作用和影响.该区白云岩过程中除Sr有明显的带出现象,Na、K有明显带入现象,大部分元素仍保存了其原始的组成特点.     

Palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of a middle Miocene alluvial fan to cyclic shallow lacustrine depositional system in the Calatayud Basin (NE Spain)

ABSTRACT The middle Miocene sedimentary fill of the Calatayud Basin in north‐eastern Spain consists of proximal to distal alluvial fan‐floodplain and shallow lacustrine deposits. Four main facies groups characteristic of different sedimentary environments are recognized: (1) proximal and medial alluvial fan facies that comprise clast‐supported gravel and subordinate sandstone and mudstone, the latter exhibiting incipient pedogenic features; (2) distal alluvial fan facies, formed mainly of massive mudstone, carbonate‐rich palaeosols and local carbonate pond deposits; (3) lake margin facies, which show two distinct lithofacies associations depending on their distribution relative to the alluvial fan system, i.e. front (lithofacies A), comprising massive siliciclastic mudstone and tabular carbonates, or lateral (lithofacies B) showing laminated and/or massive siliciclastic mudstone alternating with tabular and/or laminated carbonate beds; and (4) mudflat–shallow lake facies showing a remarkable cyclical alternation of green‐grey and/or red siliciclastic mudstone units and white dolomitic carbonate beds. The cyclic mudflat–shallow lake succession, as exposed in the Orera composite section (OCS), is dominantly composed of small‐scale mudstone–carbonate/dolomite cycles. The mudstone intervals of the sedimentary cycles are interpreted as a result of sedimentation from suspension by distal sheet floods, the deposits evolving either under subaerial exposure or water‐saturated conditions, depending on their location on the lacustrine mudflat and on climate. The dolomite intervals accumulated during lake‐level highstands with Mg‐rich waters becoming increasingly concentrated. Lowstand to highstand lake‐level changes indicated by the mudstone/dolomite units of the small‐scale cycles reflect a climate control (from dry to wet conditions) on the sedimentation in the area. The spatial distribution of the different lithofacies implies that deposition of the small‐scale cycles took place in a low‐gradient, shallow lake basin located in an interfan zone. The development of the basin was constrained by gradual alluvial fan aggradation. Additional support for the palaeoenvironmental interpretation is derived from the isotopic compositions of carbonates from the various lithofacies that show a wide range of δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C values varying from ?7·9 to 3·0‰ PDB and from ?9·2 to ?1·7‰ PDB respectively. More negative δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C values are from carbonate‐rich palaeosols and lake‐margin carbonates, which extended in front of the alluvial fan systems, whereas more positive values correspond to dolomite beds deposited in the shallow lacustrine environment. The results show a clear trend of δ¹⁸O enrichment in the carbonates from lake margin to the centre of the shallow lake basin, thereby also demonstrating that the lake evolved under hydrologically closed conditions.     

塔里木盆地北部下奥陶统碳酸盐岩孔洞充填物特征及其成岩环境分析

为了正确分析和评价碳酸盐岩溶蚀孔洞在埋藏成岩环境中的发育和保存条件,对塔里木盆地北部露头剖面中下奥陶统白云岩及其溶蚀孔洞的充填物进行了详细的矿物学和地球化学研究,试图对这类孔洞充填物沉淀时的成岩环境进行恢复。大型洞穴充填物的矿物学特征和微孔洞充填物扫描电镜的分析表明,此类孔洞的环带状充填物具有明显的世代性,由基岩向孔洞中心,至少可识别出4期充填物,即第1期的乳白色白云石,第2期的铁质浸染的杂色高镁方解石,第3期的无色透明白云石和第4期的自形石英。碳、氧同位素分析结果表明,孔洞充填物形成于高温条件,结合微量元素、稀土元素所示的成岩信息可进一步推断其形成于高温埋藏环境,而非现代表生暴露期的充填物;第1期和第3期白云石充填物形成在相对还原且高盐度的流体性质条件下,而第2期高镁方解石充填物沉淀时相对偏氧化,盐度也偏低。据下奥陶统此类4期充填物的特征分析可知,第2期高镁方解石充填物的发育可能与构造抬升导致成岩环境的改变有关。     

滇黔桂典型锰矿床矿相学特征及其对成矿过程的指示

滇黔桂地区代表性锰矿包括贵州松桃大塘坡锰矿、广西大新下雷锰矿、遵义铜锣井锰矿和云南砚山斗南锰矿.本文利用显微镜、X衍射仪、扫描电镜等仪器,通过研究滇黔桂地区典型锰矿矿相学特征,结合碳酸盐岩研究方法,查明产于南华系大塘坡组第一段(Nh1d1)贵州松桃大塘坡锰矿矿物组合包括菱锰矿、钙菱锰矿、锰白云石、锰方解石、石英、伊利石,微相为SMF2、沉积相FZ1(盆地相),形成于沉积环境伸展阶段;产于上泥盆统五指山组(D3w)广西大新下雷锰矿矿物组合包括褐锰矿、锰钾矿、菱锰矿、钙菱锰矿、蔷薇辉石、透闪石、石英,微相为SMF2和SMF15-M、沉积相FZ7(台地相),形成于沉积环境伸展阶段;产于中二叠统茅口组第二段(P2m2)遵义铜锣井锰矿矿物组合包括菱锰矿、钙菱锰矿、锰方解石、锰白云石、硫锰矿、黄铁矿、闪锌矿、高岭石、伊利石、菱铁矿,微相为SMF15-C和SMF17、沉积相FZ7(台地相),形成于沉积环境收缩阶段;产于中三叠统法郎组(T2f)其矿物成分包括云南砚山斗南锰矿矿物组合包括褐锰矿、水锰矿、钙菱锰矿、含锰方解石、方解石、石英,微相为SMF4和SMF13、沉积相FZ4(斜坡相),形成于沉积环境伸展阶段.     

南海台西南区碳酸盐岩矿物学和稳定同位素组成特征——天然气水合物存在的主要证据之一

南海台西南区是中国南海中天然气水合物赋存的最有利场所。研究表明,该区的碳酸盐岩主要以结壳、烟囱的形式出现,结壳的裂隙或孔洞中常常充填有淡黄-白色的文石晶体。碳酸盐岩中自生碳酸盐矿物主要为文石、高镁方解石,少量白云石、铁白云石和菱铁矿。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析表明,文石主要呈针状、长柱状、放射束状,高镁方解石呈颗粒状。碳酸盐岩的碳同位素δ13C值主要在-56·878‰~-32·829‰PDB之间,大多数小于-40‰PDB,显示了生物甲烷成因碳源的特征;氧同位素δ18O值在2·1875‰~5·045‰PDB之间,主要在4‰PDB以上,这种较重的氧同位素比值表明,天然气水合物分解产生的富18O水体可能是碳酸盐岩沉淀的流体源。矿物学和碳氧稳定同位素研究表明,南海台西南区的碳酸盐岩为细菌性甲烷成因碳酸盐岩,可能与天然气水合物有关,显示了该区水合物存在的可能性很大。     

Is the Bayan Obo ore deposit a micrite mound? A comparison with the Sailinhudong micrite mound

The origin of the Bayan Obo ore deposit, the largest REE deposit in the world, has long been debated and various hypotheses have been proposed. Among them is that the Bayan Obo ore deposit is correlated with and has the same origin as the Sailinhudong micrite mound in the southern limb of the Bayan Obo synclinorium. To test this model, the Bayan Obo ore deposit and the Sailinhudong micrite mound are systematically compared for their geological features, elemental geochemistry, and C, O, and Mg isotopic geochemistry. We show that the Bayan Obo ore deposit and the Sailinhudong micrite mound are both calcareous, lens-like in shape, lack bedding features, and are both hosted in a sedimentary formation that consists of clastic sediments and carbonates, unconformably overlying the Archaean–Palaeoproterozoic crystalline basement. However, their geochemical characteristics differ markedly. Compared with the Sailinhudong micrite carbonates, the Bayan Obo ore-hosting dolomite marbles are strongly enriched in LREEs, Ba, Th, Nb, Pb, and Sr, and have very different (PAAS)-normalized REE patterns. Sailinhudong micrite carbonates have higher δ¹³C_PDB and δ¹⁸O_SMOW values, falling into the typical sedimentary field, but the Bayan Obo ore-hosting dolomites are isotopically intermediate between primary igneous carbonatite and typical sedimentary limestone. The δ²⁶ Mg values of the Sailinhudong micrite carbonates are lighter than those of normal Mesoproterozoic sedimentary dolostone, while those of the Bayan Obo ore-hosting dolomite marble are isotopically heavier, similar to δ²⁶ Mg of mantle xenoliths and Bayan Obo intrusive carbonatite. We conclude that the Bayan Obo ore deposit is not correlated with the Sailinhudong micrite mound; it is neither a micrite mound nor an altered micrite mound.     

巴颜喀拉盆地长石头山二叠纪—三叠纪碳酸盐岩丘的沉积岩石学和地球化学特征

青海巴颜喀拉盆地长石头山二叠纪—三叠纪碳酸盐岩丘是由罕见的块状纯灰岩组成,灰岩具团块结构,由泥微晶方解石团块和栉状生长的泥微晶方解石胶结物组成,部分泥微晶方解石发生了重结晶作用。灰岩的矿物组成主要为方解石,平均含量达97%,化学成分除CaO外,其余均低于5‰。灰岩的5%HNO3可溶相（碳酸盐矿物）稀土元素页岩配分模式具...