非一致激励条件下非线性工程场地地震动相干函数研究

将土非线性分析的等效线性化方法与随机工程波动散射问题的求解方法相结合，建立了开放系统中非一致激励条件下考虑岩土介质非线性的工程场地地震动随机场数值模拟方法并研究了介质非线性对场地地震动相干性的影响。分析结果表明：与不考虑非线性相比，在地震过程中，场地土介质的非线性改变了复杂场地的局部特性从而导致场地地震动空间相干性的变化，因此有必要在场地地震动相干函数的分析中考虑场地介质非线性特性对地震动相干性的影响。     

非一致激励条件下工程场地地震动相干函数的数值模拟--Ⅱ分析方法的应用

在文《非一致激励条件下工程场地地震动相干函数的数值模拟———Ⅰ分析原理和方法》中,通过将随机振动的虚拟激励原理与工程波动理论散射问题的求解方法相结合,提出了开放系统中非一致激励条件下工程场地地震动随机场的数值模拟方法。本文将建议方法应用于具有非一致随机激励的复杂工程场地的地震动相干函数分析之中,讨论了受局部场地条件影响的地震动相干函数的若干特征。     

沿深度方向地震动相干函数影响因素分析

基于KiK-net台网强震记录,探讨震级、震中距、场地类别及测点高差等对沿深度方向相干函数的影响规律。结果表明:①水平分量的相干函数值随频率变化规律相同,竖向与水平分量间的差异较大;相干函数值随频率和测点高差的增加而减小;Ⅲ类场地较之Ⅰ,Ⅱ类场地,所记录的相干函数值随频率增加而衰减的速度更快。②近场(R≤300 km)相干函数值大于远场(R300 km);震级对相干函数的影响规律不明显;不同场地记录沿深度方向地震动相干性不同,建议选用王招招模型描述Ⅲ类场地地震动相干性,Harichandran模型描述Ⅰ,Ⅱ类场地地震动相干性。③基于日本"3·11"地震记录拟合得到了按震中距分段的相干函数模型参数值。     

青藏铁路多年冻土区桥墩随机地震反应分析

利用随机振动理论和动力分析的有限元方法,将场地地震动考虑为均值为零的高斯平稳随机过程,对青藏铁路多年冻土区典型桥墩进行了随机地震反应分析,计算了9度地震作用下桥墩随机地震响应的统计特性,分析了冻土层对桥墩地震反应的影响。研究结果表明,冻土层对桥墩地震反应具有显著影响。     

地震动多点差异输入对架空管道地震响应影响研究

架空管道由于地震波传递、地震动衰减以及场地不均匀产生各支撑点地震动差异,为了研究这种差异对架空管道地震响应的影响,通过有限元软件ADINA建立架空管道有限元模型,利用MATLAB软件编写具有相干效应的人工地震波,计算分析了多点地震动相干函数法输入、行波输入与一致输入下地震响应。结果表明:①随着视波速的增加管道轴向应变变小,有接近一致激励情况的趋势;②同一相干函数模型,考虑和忽略场地效应,管道轴向应变最大值存在差异;不同相干函数模型,管道轴向应变最大值也存在差异。结论认为,如果场地比较均匀且管段较短,可采用行波法进行地震输入;长柔管道应采用相干法进行地震响应分析,场地不均匀的长柔管道,应同时考虑场地效应。     

非一致激励条件下工程场地地震动相干函数的数值模拟--Ⅰ分析原理和方法

本文将随机振动的虚拟激励原理与工程波动理论散射问题的求解方法相结合,建立了开放系统中非一致激励条件下工程场地地震动随机场的数值模拟方法。该方法将随机输入下的波动分析问题转换为多个虚拟激励下的确定性波动分析组合问题,从而可以方便地获得场地波动观测量之间的谱密度矩阵,进而计算给出工程场地的地震动相干函数。本文还用数值模拟的办法对所提出方法的合理性和稳定性进行了探讨。     

工程场地地震动相干函数的数值模拟

在确定性波动有限元分析基础上,结合随机振动分析的虚拟激励原理,可以形成工程场地随机波动分析方法。该方法将随机输入下的波动分析问题转换为多个虚拟激励下的确定性波动分析组合问题,从而可以方便地获得场地波动观测量之间的谱密度矩阵,进而计算给出工程场地的地震动相干函数。本文阐述了随机波动分析的基本原理,提出了该方法的正确性验证标准。将建议方法分别应用于具有一致随机激励与非一致随机激励的复杂工程场地的地震动相干函数分析之中,讨论了受局部场地条件影响的地震动相干函数的若干特征。     

二维复杂工程场址设计地震动的修正分析方法

地震安全性评价中工程场地设计地震动通常采用一维等效线性化水平成层的分析模型，但对一些较复杂的场地条件，如蓄能电站所处场地，仅考虑一维场地是不够的，而需考虑二维场地的影响。常规采用的二维有限元很难考虑诸多因素，为工程设计带来了很大的困难。提出了可考虑二维复杂工程场地影响的设计地震动的修正分析方法和简化方法，该方法还可考虑非线性对场地的影响及吸能边界等因素，而且计算简单，并易于同常用的一维等效线性化方法结合。实例分析结果合理，对工程场地地震动的确定具有重要意义。     

基岩地震动的一个相干函数模型-走滑断层情形h

目前研究地震动空间变化的主要方法是利用密集台阵（如SMART1台阵等）的强震观测记录进行统计分析，由于地震动观测资料的不足，因而缺少基岩及不同场地类别地震动相干函数模型. 本文利用数值方法了模拟理论地震图，进而研究采用震源位错模型的基岩随机地震动的空间变化规律，并考虑震源破裂速度、子源个数、震源深度和介质传播速度等因素的影响. 其具体思路为:首先对应于每个样本，用有限差分数值模拟方法计算弹性半空间近场地震动场，而后对所有样本的计算结果进行统计，给出了一个走滑断层情形下的近场基岩表面及沿基岩竖直方向水平分量地震动的相干函数模型.      

多年冻土区桩基础桥墩随机地震反应分析

将随机振动理论、粘弹性边界条件的二维波动法以及结构动力分析有限元法结合起来，考虑场地地震动为零均值的高斯平稳随机过程，对青藏铁路多年冻土区桩基础桥墩进行了随机地震反应分析，计算了9度地震作用下桥墩随机地震响应最大值的均值和均方差，分析了冻土层及桥墩高度对桥墩随机地震响应的影响。     

A stochastic approach to site-response component in seismic ground motion coherency model

In order to account for the site-response part of the seismic ground motion coherency for sites of interest, an analytical stochastic methodology is proposed in this paper. By combining the pseudo-excitation method with wave motion finite element simulation techniques, a numerical approach for the computation of the coherency function between observation points is developed firstly. Then the orthogonal expansion method is introduced into this approach to study the effect of the uncertainty in soil properties on the coherency function. Finally some numerical examples are given to show the applicability of the methodology. The computational results demonstrate that the lagged coherency values tend to decrease in the vicinity of the resonant frequencies of the site.     

A coherency function model of ground motion at base rock corresponding to strike-slip fault

IntroductionEarthquakedamagesurveyandresearchresultshavedemonstratedthatspatialdistributiondifferenceofgroundmotionisoneoftheimportantreasonswhichcausedlongstructure(eglongspanbridge,undergroundpipe)destroy.Thathowtoprovideareasonableinputofgroundmotionfieldforaseismicdesignoflongstructureisaurgentprobleminearthquakeengineeringfield.Atpresent,themethodtostudyspatialvariationofgroundmotionsisadoptingstatisticanalysisbasedondensearrayrecordssuchasSMART-1array,etc,togetcoherencyfunctionofground…     

Influence of irregular topography and random soil properties on coherency loss of spatial seismic ground motions

Coherency functions are used to describe the spatial variation of seismic ground motions at multiple supports of long span structures. Many coherency function models have been proposed based on theoretical derivation or measured spatial ground motion time histories at dense seismographic arrays. Most of them are suitable for modelling spatial ground motions on flat‐lying alluvial sites. It has been found that these coherency functions are not appropriate for modelling spatial variations of ground motions at sites with irregular topography (Struct. Saf. 1991; 10 (1):1–13). This paper investigates the influence of layered irregular sites and random soil properties on coherency functions of spatial ground motions on ground surface. Ground motion time histories at different locations on ground surface of the irregular site are generated based on the combined spectral representation method and one‐dimensional wave propagation theory. Random soil properties, including shear modulus, density and damping ratio of each layer, are assumed to follow normal distributions, and are modelled by the independent one‐dimensional random fields in the vertical direction. Monte‐Carlo simulations are employed to model the effect of random variations of soil properties on the simulated surface ground motion time histories. The coherency function is estimated from the simulated ground motion time histories. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the proposed method. Numerical results show that coherency function directly relates to the spectral ratio of two local sites, and the influence of randomly varying soil properties at a canyon site on coherency functions of spatial surface ground motions cannot be neglected. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

地震波面波空间相干性规律研究

In this paper, seismic records of Taiwan LSST array and SMART-1 array were selected to calculate the S-wave and surface wave coherence coefficients at different station distances. And then the coherence function model proposed by Loh was used to fit the calculation results. After comparison and analysis, we found that when the distance d < 50 m, the coherency coefficients of surface wave and S-waves are basically the same; when the distance d = 50 m , the coherency coefficients of surface wave is smaller than that of S-wave, and as the distance increases, the differences gradually increase. When the distance d > 500 m, the spatial coherency of the surface wave hardly exists, so no further consideration is needed. Finally, the surface wave coherency model parameters were given in this paper, which can be used as a reference for the synthetic ground motion field in the seismic analysis for long and large structures in large basins.     

Estimating ground motion incoherence through finite source simulation: a case study of the 1980 El-Asnam Earthquake

Spatial variability of ground motions has significant influence on dynamic response of extended structures such as bridges and tunnels. In this study, the widely used finite-source ground motion simulation approach, the so-called Empirical Green’s Function (EGF) method, is extended to synthesize seismic motions across an array of stations located at bedrock in the epicentral region of the 1980 El-Asnam region (North-West Algeria). The target event being simulated is the October 10 1980 \( M_{s} = 7.2 \) Earthquake, and the EGF is obtained from the ground motion recorded at Sogedia Factory station during the 8 November 1980 \( M_{L} = 5.6 \) aftershock. Coherency functions are then estimated from the simulated ground accelerations. A parametric study investigating the influence of shear wave velocity, earthquake magnitude, and epicentral distance is conducted by simulating ground acceleration for different scenarios using the Hybrid Green’s Function method. The main finding of the study is that finite source effects can cause significant loss in coherency at bedrock in the near-field. In the far-field, the source effect alone does not seem to produce incoherent motion, which implies that scattering and local site effects could be dominating there. Furthermore, coherency functions are found to be more sensitive to inter-station separation in the near-field than in the far-field. Increasing shear wave velocity seems to increase coherency functions, and larger earthquakes seem to produce more incoherent motion than smaller ones. The simulation method presented here produces incoherent motion mainly due to the finite source effect, while path effects are partially accounted for through the EGF, and local site effects are not considered. In this sense, the estimated coherency functions represent that of plane waves. A parametric model of plane wave coherency is calibrated and presented based on the simulation results. The results indicate that the parametric model can be used as a first approximation, and at least an upper bound of lagged coherency in the near-field region of the El-Asnam Earthquake scenario. This model could be useful in random vibration analysis or generation of spatially variable ground motion for time history analysis of lifeline structures in the study area.     

场地条件对地震动相干函数的影响

本通过弹性半空间内位错源的数值解法研究了曲岩地震动相干函数，采用有限元方法分析了一些典型场地的地表地震动相干函数，两的对比结果表明：复杂场地对地震动相干函数的影响强烈。