寒区环境温度对板式橡胶支座连续梁桥地震易损性影响研究

针对现行规范对寒区桥梁减隔震设计中仅考虑橡胶支座力学特性受环境温度作用影响,而忽略桥墩混凝土材料特性受温度影响的不足,以高寒地区一座两联3×30 m混凝土连续梁桥为背景,开展不同环境温度下桥墩混凝土材料抗压性能试验,确定温度对其力学参数的影响,基于试验结果对不同环境温度下的桥墩混凝土力学参数进行修正,从而建立不同环境温度下的全桥精细化非线性有限元模型,并基于增量动力分析(IDA)法探究不同环境温度下该桥的地震易损性。结果表明:极端温度引起桥墩混凝土材料参数和支座刚度的改变,使得该桥自振频率随着温度的升高而降低;地震作用下,极端低温时桥墩墩顶位移较常温增大了26.8%,而极端高温时支座位移增大了19.4%;根据现行规范计算的极端低温时支座和桥梁系统的损伤概率偏小,极端高温时结构和构件的损伤概率偏大,在设计中应予以重视;极端低温下桥墩、支座及桥梁系统的损伤概率,较常温分别增大45.0%、35.2%和27.5%,对于高寒地区该类桥梁设计时需考虑低温对其抗震性能的影响。     

简支斜交桥梁地震旋转效应研究

随着我国桥梁事业的蓬勃发展,斜交桥梁作为一种特殊桥型已被广泛应用,因自身结构的特异性导致其在地震作用下更加容易遭到破坏。本文通过有限元数值模拟,分析了斜交角度对斜交桥梁自身动力特性的影响,通过非线性时程分析,研究了斜交角度对桥面旋转、梁体位移、墩底内力的影响。结果表明斜交角度的变化可以显著改变桥梁的动力特性,甚至在低阶振型中就会出现以旋转为主的振型,对斜交桥的地震响应也具有重要影响,特别是桥墩扭矩随斜交角的变化显著增加,需要引起足够的重视。     

地震作用下高速铁路车-线-桥耦合系统动力响应分析

地震激励对高速车辆-简支箱梁桥系统动力响应的影响关系到高速铁路运营安全。基于车辆-轨道耦合动力学和列车-轨道-桥梁动力相互作用理论,运用有限元和多体动力学方法,建立高速铁路桥梁区段车辆-轨道-桥梁耦合系统动力学模型,分析在人工地震波作用下高速铁路车-线-桥耦合系统动力响应。结果表明:地震激励对轨道板、支撑层和桥梁的横向振动特性的影响大于对垂向振动特性的影响,桥梁结构对地震激励的敏感程度大于轨道结构;车辆运行速度对系统垂向振动特性的影响大于对横向振动特性的影响。研究结论可为地震荷载作用下高速铁路安全运营提供理论依据。     

钢管-钢管混凝土复合拱桥动力特性分析

福建省福鼎市山前大桥是一座应用钢管－钢管混凝土复合拱桥概念设计成的试验桥，本文以它作为研究对象，进行了动力特性的测试和计算，并讨论了主要结构参数对其动力特性的影响，为此类桥梁的设计提供参考。     

无伸缩缝桥梁的动力特性计算与试验研究

福建省永春县上坂大桥是目前我国修建桥长最大，采用整体式桥台的无伸缩缝桥梁。本文通过该桥的动力试验研究了该桥在天然脉动荷载作用下的自振特性，采用结构分析软件ANSYS建立全桥的空间模型，计算该桥的自振特性，与实测结果进行了分析比较。实桥试验还测试了无障碍行车试验和跳车试验这2种车辆激振作用下桥梁的强迫振动特性，并把实测的荷载冲击系数与新桥规的计算结果进行比较。研究结果有助于对该类桥梁动力特性的认识，有利于进一步开展无伸缩缝桥梁的抗震性能研究。     

基于梁格理论的人字形桥梁动力特性分析

基于梁格理论采用通用有限元程序软件SAP2000对典型人字形桥梁结构的振动频率及振型进行了模拟分析,并讨论了主要结构参数对其动力特性的影响,可为人字形桥梁的动力设计提供参考。     

微动测试技术在古建筑拱桥结构检测中的应用

在古桥梁建筑结构保护中,无损高精度检测一直是一个重要的研究课题。为识别古桥梁拱桥的结构损伤问题,以上海青浦迎祥桥为研究对象,采用全站仪对桥梁结构的变形进行观测及分析,评价桥梁的变形及受力状态;采用微动测试技术,获取结构的损伤动力特性参数,包括固有频率及振动模态。通过分析现有桥梁的模态分布,观测振动模态的突变位置确定结构损伤位置,比较结构的变形特性,对结构的损伤程度进行评价。     

波形钢腹板连续梁的动力特性研究

目前波形钢腹板箱梁桥的动力学研究主要以简支箱梁为主,对连续箱梁的研究很少.为此,设计制作了波形钢腹板预应力混凝土连续箱梁的模型试验梁,并建立ANSYS有限元模型对其动力特性进行了分析.为验证理论分析的正确性,采用DHDAS动态信号测试分析系统对其动力特性进行了实测,根据实测数据识别出各阶竖向弯曲振动的模态及振动频率.模型试验梁的有限元分析结果与实测结果的差别较小.因此,实践中采用所提有限元建模方法可以获得较高的精度.同时还研究了不同位置的横隔板对波形钢腹板预应力混凝土连续箱梁动力特性的影响,结果表明:支座横隔板对箱梁动力特性的影响最大,而中横隔板对箱梁的动力特性基本上没有影响.因此在实际工程中,可以适当减少中横隔板的数量,以合理节省桥梁建设成本.     

黄河胜利大桥动力测试和安全评估

大跨度斜拉桥的整体安全性评估对桥梁的运营管理具有十分重要的意义。在环境激励条件下,测试了黄河胜利大桥桥塔、主桥桥跨的基本动力特性以及斜拉索的索力。利用动力检测结果,以白振频率变化作为桥梁整体安全指标,并通过测试数据与设计允许值的比较,采用整体状态评估的方法研究了黄河胜利大桥的安全性。研究结果表明,大桥桥塔、主桥桥跨结构整体性较好,斜拉索也基本处于正常工作状态。     

无伸缩缝桥梁的动力特性研究

针对无伸缩缝桥梁的结构特点，提出一个土-结构的非线性相互作用模型。在此基础上对-无伸缩缝实桥建立有限元模型，分析了不同烈度地震作用下结构的动力特性，并与相应的有伸缩缝桥梁进行比较。文中还计算了主要结构参数对动力特性的影响。研究结果有助于对该类桥梁力学性能的认识。     

Effect of vehicle weight on natural frequencies of bridges measured from traffic-induced vibration

Recently, ambient vibration test (AVT) is widely used to estimate dynamic characteristics of large civil structures. Dynamic characteristics can be affected by various environmental factors such as humidity, intensity of wind, and temperature. Besides these environmental conditions, the mass of vehicles may change the measured values when traffic-induced vibration is used as a source of AVT for bridges. The effect of vehicle mass on dynamic characteristics is investigated through traffic-induced vibration tests on three bridges; (1) three-span suspension bridge (128m +404m + 128m), (2) five-span continuous steel box girder bridge (59m + 3@95m + 59m), (3) simply supported plate girder bridge (46m). Acceleration histories of each measurement location under normal traffic are recorded for 30 minutes at field. These recorded histories are divided into individual vibrations and are combined into two groups according to the level of vibration ; one by heavy vehicles such as trucks and buses and the other by light vehicles such as passenger cars. Separate processing of the two groups of signals shows that, for the middle and long-span bridges, the difference can be hardly detected, but, for the short span bridges whose mass is relatively small, the measured natural frequencies can change up to 5.4%. Supported by: the Ministry of Construction and Transportation, Korea Highway Corporation and Hyundai E&C Co. Ltd. under Project No. R&D/970003-2.     

一种高分辨率温度传感器

介绍一种基于Pt1000惠斯通平衡电桥的高分辨率温度传感器。 实验测试表明, 该温度传感器具有精确、 稳定、 分辨率高的特点, 测试温度的分辨率可以达到1×10^-5℃。 其温度测试范围可调, 从而可以满足不同测试环境温度测试的需要, 具有较广泛的应用范围, 并可同通用数据采集器连接构成精密温度观测系统。     

Structural health monitoring of long-span suspension bridges using wavelet packet analysis

During the service life of civil engineering structures such as long-span bridges, local damage at key positions may continually accumulate, and may finally result in their sudden failure. One core issue of global vibration-based health monitoring methods is to seek some damage indices that are sensitive to structural damage. This paper proposes an online structural health monitoring method for long-span suspension bridges using wavelet packet transform (WPT). The WPT- based method is based on the energy variations of structural ambient vibration responses decomposed using wavelet packet analysis. The main feature of this method is that the proposed wavelet packet energy spectrum (WPES) has the ability to detect structural damage from ambient vibration tests of a long-span suspension bridge. As an example application, the WPES-based health monitoring system is used on the Runyang Suspension Bridge under daily environmental conditions. The analysis reveals that changes in environmental temperature have a long-term influence on the WPES, while the effect of traffic loadings on the measured WPES of the bridge presents instantaneous changes because of the nonstationary properties of the loadings. The condition indication indices VD reflect the influences of environmental temperature on the dynamic properties of the Runyang Suspension Bridge. The field tests demonstrate that the proposed WPES-based condition indication index VD is a good candidate index for health monitoring of long-span suspension bridges under ambient excitations.     

Evaluation of blast effects on reinforced concrete buildings considering Operational Modal Analysis results

Seismic protection of buildings under risk can be achieved by increasing the knowledge about the behaviour of existing structures. Operational Modal Analysis is a powerful tool used for this purpose all over the world. It provides the dynamic characteristics of structures under operational conditions or some particular environmental issues such as blasts and earthquakes. The main objective of this study is to evaluate blast effects on a reinforced concrete (RC) building considering experimentally determined dynamic characteristics. The study consists of three phases: the measurement of vibration characteristics of blasting, the theoretical modal analysis of the inspected building, and experimental verification of dynamic characteristics using modal testing. The vibration characteristics of blasting are measured around the inspected building on hard soil using a geophone set. The initial analytical model of the building is constructed according to the in-situ investigation on building. The theoretical modal analysis results are verified by carrying out modal testing on the RC building. The Operational Modal Analysis method is used for the extraction of the dynamic characteristics of the building, and blast vibrations are taken into account as environmental vibrations. The effects of blasting on the reinforced concrete building are introduced by assessing the vibration of blasting with the dynamic characteristics of the building.     

预应力混凝土连续梁桥振动特性变异及舒适度评价

由于预应力损失、混凝土收缩徐变、超载等原因,预应力混凝土桥梁出现了较强的振动。本文通过对福建省福州市闽江三桥全桥环境振动试验和正常运营条件下24小时的监测,研究预应力混凝土连续梁桥的动力特性及其变异和振动舒适度,结果表明:在较为稳定的风和温湿度环境下,固有频率在一天内的最大变化为3.06%,模态阻尼比的最大变化为37.93%,舒适度的狄克曼指标降到“能忍受短时间振动”的区域。     

One‐year monitoring of the Z24‐Bridge: environmental effects versus damage events

When using the analysis of vibration measurements as a tool for health monitoring of bridges, the problem arises of separating abnormal changes from normal changes in the dynamic behaviour. Normal changes are caused by varying environmental conditions such as humidity, wind and most important, temperature. The temperature may have an impact on the boundary conditions and the material properties. Abnormal changes on the other hand are caused by a loss of stiffness somewhere along the bridge. It is clear that the normal changes should not raise an alarm in the monitoring system (i.e. a false positive), whereas the abnormal changes may be critical for the structure's safety. In the frame of the European SIMCES‐project, the Z24‐Bridge in Switzerland was monitored during almost one year before it was artificially damaged. Black‐box models are determined from the healthy‐bridge data. These models describe the variations of eigenfrequencies as a function of temperature. New data are compared with the models. If an eigenfrequency exceeds certain confidence intervals of the model, there is probably another cause than the temperature that drives the eigenfrequency variations, for instance damage. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中承式钢筋混凝土拱桥自振特性分析

利用有限元通用软件ANSYS,对一中承式钢筋混凝土拱桥进行了结构自振特性的数值模拟分析,求出了自振频率、振型等动力参数,对其模态特征进行了描述,并通过变换拱桥的主要结构参数对比分析了它们对结构自振特性的影响.结果表明:自振频率随矢跨比的减小略有提高;横撑有助于增强拱肋的横向刚度,减小拱肋面外振动,提高抗风稳定性;各振型的自振频率值随拱肋刚度的提高近似成线性增大,可以通过改变拱肋刚度来调整其自振特性.研究结果可以为同类桥梁的抗震设计提供参考.     

基于响应面的预应力混凝土桥动力有限元模型研究

建立了基于正交实验的响应面模型和精细有限元模型,并将其用于中华大桥的有限元模型修正,通过实测动力数据对修正后的有限元模型计算结果进行了验证。基于修正后的有限元模型,分析了预应力对预应力钢筋混凝土桥梁模态信息（频率和振型）的影响,以及单元类型对桥梁模态频率的影响。结果表明,修正后的有限元模型能够比较准确地反映桥梁实际结构的动力特性,基于响应面模型和遗传算法的修正方法可有效地用于大桥的健康监测和状态评估;预应力对预应力钢筋混凝土桥梁模态信息的影响较小,建模时可不予精确考虑;对于由多根预应力混凝土梁组成的桥梁体系,采用实体单元分析较好。     

高架桥梁地震响应模糊半主动控制

提出了使用MR阻尼器（Magnetorheological Damper）作为控制设备，以模糊集为基础的半主动控制算法，研究了8种模糊控制规则在高架桥梁地震响应中的控制效果。本文提出的模糊方法的优势在于算法自身的鲁棒性、处理非线性问题的能力和不需要结构的精确数学模型，算法需要的输入变量少，模糊算法的输出直接控制MR阻尼器的输入电压，与LQR-clipped算法不同，MR阻尼器的输入电压可以是零与最大值之间的任意值。根据高架桥梁的结构特点，将典型的墩-支座-桥面结构简化为一个两自由度的线性系统，计算了El Centro地震激励下，MR模糊半主动控制的地震响应，并分别与没有控制及其他控制时的地震响应进行了对比，分析了各种控制算法的控制效果。研究结果表明，MR模糊半主动控制算法可以达到LQR-clipped半主动的控制效果，且模糊控制所需要的控制力较小，为有效地发挥MR阻尼器的功能提供了一种简单的半主动算法。