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1.
提高月预报业务水平的动力相似集合方法 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
针对基于大气环流模式的月预报问题,提出了一种能有效减小预报误差并提高预报技巧的动力相似集合预报新方法。该方法着眼于动力模式与统计经验的内在结合,在模式积分过程中通过提取大气环流历史相似性信息,对模式误差进行参数化处理,形成多个时变的相似强迫量来扰动生成预报的集合成员。将这一集合新方法应用到中国国家气候中心业务大气环流模式(BCC AGCM1.0),一组10 a准业务环境下回报试验结果显示,相比于业务集合预报,动力相似集合预报方法能有效改进模式对于大气环流的纬向平均、超长波和长波预报,从而有效提高了月平均环流预报技巧(几乎达到业务可用标准)和逐日环流预报技巧,并显著降低了预报误差,合理增加集合离散度,使二者配置关系得以改善,有望在业务预报中应用。 相似文献
2.
由于大气初值与数值模式中物理过程存在不确定性等客观事实,集合预报无疑代表着数值天气预报未来前进与发展的方向,它标志着天气预报的预报范式转变,即用户不仅可以得到未来大气状态的单一现实,还可得到未来大气可能出现的一系列场景。文中扼要地梳理了欧洲全球业务集合预报与有限区域模式高分辨业务集合预报的研究动态与技术发展、基本问题及其未来最新发展方向,包括:1)欧洲中期天气预报中心的业务集合预报系统发展沿革及概况;2)欧洲国家主要业务高分辨率集合预报系统概况;3)当前业务集合预报存在的问题、挑战及未来前进的方向。文中除了关注欧洲中期天气预报中心的集合预报应用,还梳理了目前欧洲高分辨业务集合预报取得的成就,以引起有关研究人员的注意。总之,借鉴欧洲业务集合预报的发展思路,不仅有助于集合预报理论创新,还对发展集合预报业务有重要指导意义。 相似文献
3.
目前,集合预报已成为天气预报业务的主要支撑。然而,由于数值模式本身的限制与不完善以及集合系统存在初值扰动、集合大小等方面的局限,常存在预报偏差。不同预报模式通常具有不同的物理过程参数化方案、初始条件等,导致其预报能力各有不同。为此,如何纠正预报偏差以及如何充分有效地利用不同模式的预报信息以获得更加准确的天气预报广受关注。近年来,利用统计理论与预报诊断,基于多个集合预报系统的多模式集成预报技术得到快速发展,已成为有效消除预报偏差从而提高天气预报技巧的一种统计后处理方法。针对气温、降水和风3个最基本的地面气象要素,首先依据预报形式将应用范围较广的简单集合平均、消除偏差集合平均、超级集合、贝叶斯模式平均、集合模式输出统计等加权或等权平均多模式集成技术,分成确定性预报和概率预报两大类,并做系统介绍。最后,讨论使用和发展多模式集成技术需要关注的问题,包括考虑参与集成的模式个数、发展降水及风速分级预报模型和发展基于机器学习的多模式集成新技术。 相似文献
4.
集合预报从上个世纪九十年代兴起 ,目前已成为许多业务预报中心的重要业务之一 ,同时也成为研究的重要工具。系统介绍了全球模式中短期天气预报集合、有限区域模式短期天气预报集合以及集合预报在强风暴预报中的应用等 ,并对集合预报中应当注意的问题进行了阐述。 相似文献
5.
基于欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)第五代全球再分析资料(ERA5)构建模式气候,应用ECMWF集合预报,采用“集合预报标准化异常预报法”,针对最高和最低气温构建中国地区集合平均异常温度预报和异常温度概率预报产品,并与极端预报指数(extreme forecast index,EFI)开展检验和对比分析预报性能,并基于“异常温度影响矩阵”,构建了异常温度影响程度预报指数,通过异常温度事件个例探讨相关产品的预报应用。结果表明:基于ECMWF的ERA5和集合预报构建的集合平均异常温度预报产品对我国夏季和冬季异常温度事件均有比较好的预报效果,预报性能好于或接近EFI,可作为业务上对异常温度事件预报的支撑产品。异常温度概率预报产品可以体现集合成员中的预报异常温度事件的信息,在中期预报时效对发现早期异常温度事件信号有优势,并可反映对异常天气预报的不确定性信息。异常温度影响程度预报指数结合了异常天气概率预报信息和异常程度预报信息,可对异常温度时间给出客观定量的预报结果,对一次异常低温事件的个例预报证明该指数有比较好的预报效果,对异常温度事件的预报和早期科学预警有一定指示意义和业务应用前景。 相似文献
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台风路径集合预报的实时订正技术研究 总被引:10,自引:1,他引:9
在台风业务预报中,由于模式运行、后处理及资料传输等原因,数值模式指导产品包括集合预报都存在一定时间的滞后,若直接使用会造成数值模式或集合预报平均的预报效果降低。利用ECMWF集合预报台风路径和中央气象台(简称中央台)实时业务定位,在统计分析的基础上,提出一种业务上可用的针对单模式集合预报的台风路径实时订正技术。结果表明,该方法明显优于单模式集合预报平均和确定性预报,在对2012年的预报试验中,24、48、72、96 h的时效路径预报误差分别比集合平均提高了15%、6%、10%、8%。同时其路径误差优于目前我国业务路径预报,2012年平均24、48、72、96 h的路径误差分别减小7、7、11、10 km。 相似文献
7.
从初值扰动的生成方法、数值预报模式的建立、输出产品的提炼应用等方面简要概括了集合预报的最新进展。指出,运用BGM法生成初值扰动效果较好,多模式集合预报正成为天气预报的发展趋势;集合概率预报是集合预报的最佳结果,但发布还需要做大量的普及推广和培训工作;集合预报正在被越来越多的国家投入准业务运行和业务运行.有可能成为新的主流预报方式。 相似文献
8.
AREM短期集合预报系统及其降水预报检验 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
基于我国科学家自主开发的AREM区域中尺度模式,考虑模式初值和侧边界条件的不确定性,采用BGM方案,建立有11个成员、37km分辨率、覆盖全国区域的短期集合预报系统,并将其于2009年汛期投入准业务化试验,进行了连续2个月的预报结果检验。结果表明:由于能提供更多预报信息,集合预报系统优于单一确定性预报,集合平均预报对评分的改进主要表现在暴雨以下量级,概率预报高于集合平均和控制预报,因而更具参考价值;利用多种集合产品对降水过程进行综合分析,能提高决策预报的科学性。 相似文献
9.
集合模式定量降水预报的统计后处理技术研究综述 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
集合数值模式预报已在定量降水预报业务中广泛应用,以获得预报不确定性、最可能预报结果以及极端天气预警。由于集合系统的数值模式不完善,且不能提供所有的不确定性信息,常表现出系统性偏差以及欠离散或过离散(如对于多模式集合)。为此,需要发展统计后处理技术,在尽量保持集合预报解析度的条件下,提高预报的技巧和可靠性。近年来,各种集合预报统计后处理技术得到快速发展。针对定量降水预报,依据技术方法的途径和成熟度将后处理研究归纳为3方面进行总结,包括:(1)不基于统计模型的非参数化后处理,包括集合定量降水预报偏差订正、多成员或模式信息集成以及基于空间分析的对流尺度模式后处理;(2)基于概率分布统计模型的参数化后处理,包括集合模式输出统计和贝叶斯模型平均两种方法框架;(3)考虑预报量的时间、空间和多变量间依赖关系或结构的处理方法,包括参数化和经验连接概率法。最后,讨论发展统计后处理技术需要关注的问题,包括考虑不同来源、不同尺度的多模式信息集成;提供高质量、高分辨率的降水分析资料;发展再预报技术扩充训练样本;基于不同的订正目的和应用场景来使用不同的后处理技术;发展面向海量预报数据、捕捉极端降水以及考虑预报量结构的新技术。 相似文献
10.
集合预报方法研究及应用进展综述 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
简要介绍了国内外集合预报研究及业务应用进展。涉及集合预报的4个方面:初始扰动生成、数值模式选择、预报信息提炼和预报系统及结果评价。结果可供改进我国集合预报业务的研究工作参考。 相似文献
11.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
12.
Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
<正>The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth’s climate and environment. 相似文献
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The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
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The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o. 相似文献
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Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration. 相似文献
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基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project)数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。 相似文献
17.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
18.
Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings
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正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any 相似文献
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《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang; 相似文献