利用MC-ICPMS对水样中硼同位素比值的测定

采用Amberlite IRA-743硼特效树脂进行水溶液中硼的分离,对洗脱液温度、体积以及树脂动态交换容量等进行了实验.它的动态交换容量为4.2 mg/g,在室温条件下,用5 mL 2%HNO3可定量从树脂柱上洗脱被吸附的硼.采用Neptune型MC-ICPMS进行硼同位素组成的测定,1 μg/g浓度的硼标准溶液获得放大的信号强度约为0.7V,硼的化学分离过程有效避免了质量歧视效应.实验结果表明,MC-ICPMS对硼存在严重的记忆效应,通过采用5%HNO3-(1%HNO3 0.1%HF)-H2O-20%NH3H2O-H2O的交替清洗方法,可在约1 h内消除硼的记忆效应.在最佳仪器条件下,对含有250 ng硼的水样,可以快速测定硼的同位素组成,占δ11B测定的绝对偏差为0.4‰-0.5‰(SD).     

氢化物—原子吸收光谱法测定辉锑矿中的微量砷

研究了辉锑矿中微量砷的氢化物发生一原子吸收光谱测定方法,选择高锰酸钾溶液消除大量锑氢化物的干扰。方法简便快速、灵敏。在选定最佳条件下,测定砷的灵敏度为0.26ng/ml(1％吸收),700μg/ml的锑不干扰砷的测定。对0.02μg/ml砷的测定,相对标准偏差为1.8％。可用于测定辉锑矿中0.0001％以上的砷。     

表面活性剂在极谱测定痕量硼中的应用

本文研究了表面活性剂对硼—铍试剂Ⅲ体系极谱测定痕量硼的影响。实验表明,少量阴离子表面活性剂的加入,可使原体系的波形得到很大改善。测定灵敏度提高一个数量级。检测下限为0.5ppb。硼的测定线性范围为0.005—0.8μg/10ml。测定岩石矿物中痕量硼的结果令人满意。     

用氟硼酸根离子选择性电极测定矿物中的硼

本文研究了用氟硼酸根离子选择电极简易,快速的测定岩石,矿物中的硼。方法是基于用氢氟酸将硼转化成四氟酸根,然后用氟硼酸根离子选择电极测量其浓度。十六种以上离子无干扰。方法的检测限为B1μg/50ml。 自1968年R.M.Carlson使用氟硼酸根离子选择电极测定材料中硼后,近年来用     

流动注射在线分离富集分光光度法测定金矿石中金的方法研究

叙述了采用流动注射在线泡塑富集分离、分光光度联用技术快速测定金矿石中微量金的方法.建立了两条工作曲线:其一校正曲线范围为 0.1～1.0 μg/mL,进样频率22 N/h,浓集效率25,检出限2.2×10-8 g/mL;其二校正曲线范围为1.0～9.0 μg/mL,进样频率44 N/h,浓集效率13,检出限1.6×10 -7 g/mL.系统分散系数为3.78,对国家标准管理样GBW(E)-070014平行11次测定,RSD 为1.29%,对所得结果进行t检验,置信度95%时,无系统误差存在.     

流动注射荧光法测定微量铝

基于β-环糊精-丙酮能加速与增敏Al-钙黄绿素的荧光反应,建立了流动注射荧光法测定中草药中微量Al的新体系(Al-Calcein-β-CD-丙酮)。荧光最大激发波长和发射波长分别为478.0nm和509.6nm。Al~(3+)浓度在0～3.5μg/ml范围内标准曲线呈线性;检出限0.037μg/ml。方法已用于测定中草药中微量Al,RSD在1％以下;回收率在97％～105％范围;进样频率140次/h。     

重庆长河碥煤矿晚三叠世2号煤中微量元素的赋存状态

为了探讨煤中微量元素的赋存状态和地质成因,本文运用电离耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)、电离耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)、X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、冷原子吸收光谱(CV-AAS)、离子选择性电极法(ISE)、逐级化学提取试验(SCEE)等,研究了重庆长河碥矿晚三叠世须家河组2号煤层中微量元素的含量、赋存特征及其影响因素.发现该煤层中As(12.9 μg/g)、Cu(125 μg/g)、Cr(72 μg/g)、Ni(63 μg/g)、Pb(111 μg/g)等元素富集;逐级化学提取结果显示,煤层中Pb主要赋存在低温热液成因的黄铁矿脉中;Cr主要存在于粘土矿物中,Cr可能与陆源碎屑供给有关;Cu不仅与粘土矿物有关,也与煤中黄铁矿有关.表明低温热液流体和陆源碎屑供给对该煤中主要微量有害元素的含量和赋存特征起了决定作用.     

海水蒸发时的硼同位素分馏

采用立式亚沸石英蒸馏器，在非流动条件下进行了海水蒸发实验，以研究海水一空气界面硼同位素的行为。将具有不同pH值的天然海水在不同温度下平静地蒸发，采用冷水收集海水蒸汽，实现了无流动空气的真实的蒸发过程，共进行了3种类型的实验。 实验1 将不同pH值（(7.71-8.49)的海水在27℃，33℃和40℃下蒸发，蒸发时连续地补充高纯水以维持蒸发液体的体积恒定。收集海水蒸汽，进行蒸汽的硼同位素组成、硼和氯浓度的测定。 实验2将天然海水在33℃下蒸发，蒸发时不补加高纯水．搏派承药蒸干。分捌收集海水蒸汽和蒸干后的固体盐，进行蒸汽和固体盐的硼同位素组成测定。并同时测定不同蒸发阶段海水的pH值。 实验3 将加人不同硼量的天然海水在40℃下蒸发.蒸发时连续地补充高纯水以维持蒸发液体的体积恒定，收集海水蒸汽，进行硼同位素和硼浓度的测定。 硼浓度的结果表明：①在实验1中，蒸汽的硼浓度变化范围是1.51-10.7 μg/L，平均值为5.16 μg/L，随海水pH值升高而降低，但与蒸发温度无关；②在实验2和3中蒸汽硼的浓度要远远高于实验1，而且蒸汽硼浓度与海水硼浓度具有线性的正相关关系；③蒸汽相的Cl/B比（摩尔比值：平均23.4)远远低于海水的Cl/B比（摩尔比值：1485)，这表明蒸发时没有将海水喷雾的细珠引人蒸汽中。 硼同位素结果表明： (1)在实验1中，蒸汽的δ11B值除一个以外均低于海水B(OH)3的δ11B值，而高于海水B(OH)4-的δ11B值，而且都比海水的δ11B值高，蒸汽与海水间的平均硼同位素分馏系数为1.0019，这表明在海水蒸发时，11B富集在蒸汽相中。此结果与以前所进行的硼溶液蒸发实验结果一致，但与以前所进行的海水蒸发实验结果完全相反。以前的海水蒸发实验结果表明，10B在蒸汽相富集。这种截然相反的结果要归结于蒸发条件的差异，以前蒸发的海水蒸汽是由流动空气带出，此时非平衡的动力因素将起到重要作用，造成质量轻的10B优先进人蒸汽相。而本次实验在非空气流动条件下进行，B(OH)3和B(OH)-4间的同位素平衡将起主导作用。显然，燕汽的δ11B值与海水的pH值没有明显的关系。 (2)在实验2中，蒸汽与海水间的硼同位素分馏系数要远远高于实验1，特别当海水蒸干前的500 mL蒸汽，分馏系数高达1.0182。而蒸干后的固体盐的δ11B值明显低于原始海水，分馏系数为0.9973。这充分表明，在海水蒸发时，11B优先被蒸发而进人燕汽相。海水蒸发时蒸汽相的δ11B值随蒸发程度呈平方指数形式增加，这与蒸发时残留海水的δ11B值急剧升高有关。 (3）实验3中，蒸汽的δ11B值随海水硼浓度的增加而升高，当硼浓度为19.7 μg/mL和63.5 μg/mL时，硼同位素分馏系数分别为1.0072和1.0107。 海水蒸发时的硼同位素分馏可用于对大气降雨硼来源的研究。在不同时期采集的西宁雨水的δ11B值为12.1‰和9.0‰，受风向的影响甚微，表明西宁地区的大气环境受海洋影响较小，大气中的硼主要来源于陆地。但南海西江石油平台大气降雨的δ11B值明显受风向所控制，高δ11B值（33.2‰）表明其海洋来源，而低δ11B值（8.4‰）表明其陆地来源。以往文献所报道的陆地及其沿海大气降雨的δ11B值变化范围很宽(0.8‰~35‰)，但是它们都低于海水的δ11B值，这表明陆地及其沿海大气中的硼主要来源于陆地。 海水中的硼将因洋壳低温蚀变、沉积物吸附以及生物碳酸盐共沉淀从海洋中迁出，这些过程均造成海水10B的贫化。惟独海水蒸发时会造成海水10B的富集，但由于此时硼同位素分馏小，而且与其他因素相比，被海水蒸汽迁出的硼量低，根据计算，海水燕发对古海洋硼同位素组成的影响完全可以忽略不计。     

电感耦合等离子体光谱／质谱法测定环境样品中的硼

采用HF-HNO3-H3PO4-HClO4密封溶样处理样品,电感耦合等离子体光谱/质谱法(ICP-AES/MS)测定农作物、膳食和粪便中的硼。所拟定的方法在测硼的同时,还可测定Cr、Cu、Li、V、Co、Zn、Sr、Cd、Ba、K、Na、Fe、Mn、Zn元素,可以为农作物和饮食中痕量元素研究提供参考。ICP-AES测定硼的方法检出限(3σ)为0.0063μg/mL,测定限(10σ,DF=100)为2.10μg/g;ICP-MS测定硼方法检出限(3σ)为0.0228ng/mL,测定限(10σ,DF=1000)为0.092μg/g。方法经植物国家一级标准物质GBW07602～07605验证,测定值与标准值接近,样品10次测定的RSD<10%。     

743阳离子交换快速分离——ICPS-PGS2单道扫描直读光谱仪测定地质样品中15个微量稀土元素

本文采用过氧化钠(Na_2O_2)熔样,743阳离子交换树脂快速分离,0.4mol/L柠檬酸25ml洗脱稀土,无需浓缩,即可用lCPS-PGS2单道扫描直读光谱仪直接测定15个微量稀土元素。在选择的最佳测量条件下,本法测定下限为0.005~g/ml(Eu)-0.50μg/ml(Ce),标准加入回收在88％—110％之间,样品分析精度为3.3％—17％,样品分析结果与参考值相符。本法适用于一般地质样品中微量稀土元素的例行分析。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861