土地规划中公众参与的行为选择及其因素分析

土地规划是我国社会经济发展的一种重要规划,它不仅关系到城市化进程。也关系到人民群众的切身利益,受到传统观念及思维的影响,公众对土地规划的参与程度还比较低,这在一定程度上影响了土地规划的科学性、合理性。本文根据现有的研究资料详细论述了公众参与行为,运用公共管理学和土地经济学理论,对影响公众行为选择的因素进行了详细的分析,指出法制的完善度、经济发展水平等是影响公众参与行为选择的主要因素,针对这些因素提出了相应的对策建议。     

从吉林省安图县案例看人类对全球变化适应的行为心理学研究

应用行为心理学理论和方法,从气候变暖的环境“刺激”到农业种植行为改变的“反应（响应行为）”的全部适应行为过程,涉及刺激、认知、辨识、选择、反馈等环节,需要解决的关键科学问题包括：①人类如何感知和辨识全球变暖及其影响;②哪些因素怎样影响人类适应行为的发生;③人类适应行为的评价与反馈机制。对安图县实例的分析可以看出,一方面很好地验证了该研究思路;另一方面却也反映出,此类研究需要建立在一系列对典型区域进行个案取证调查的实证研究基础上。     

西部开发,规划先行——关于开展景观生态建设规划的建议

西部开发战略是实现我国全面可持续发展的重要决策,面对我国西部地区特定的区域地理条件,生态环境建设具有特别的重要性,提出西部开发必须在合理有序的规划前提下才能具体实施。将景观生态建设理论引入规划,结合保护生态系统健康和维护区域生态安全,作为规划的理论基础,并提出运用“预案”研究方法为决策提供多目标、多层次的选择方案,并建议在若干具有突出生态环境问题的区域进行景观生态建设规划试点。     

西部开发,规划先行——关于开展景观生态建设的规划的建议

西部开发战略是实现我国全面可持续发展的重要决策,面对我国西部地区特定的区域地理条件,生态环境建设具有特别的重要性,提出西部开发必须在合理有序的规划前提下才能具体实施。将景观生态建设理论引入规划,结合保护生态系统健康和维护区域生态安全,作为规划的理论基础,并提出运用“预案”研究方法为决策提供多目标、多层次的选择方案,并建议在若干具有突出生态环境问题的区域进行景观生态建设规划试点。     

行政纠错与国土资源依法行政

从法律内涵看,行政纠错行为属于行政撤销行为,是指行政主体依法对其先前作出的具有瑕疵或违法的具体行政行为进行主动撤销或变更的行政行为。我国正处于经济社会重大变革时期,政府部门依法行政的自觉性还不高,能力还强,而随着舆论监督和信息公开的迅速铺开,公民依法维权的意识迅速提高,众多违法行政行为被曝光、信访、追查,但发现错误后如何处理却没有一定之规,客观上阻滞了行政行为纠错的通道,激化了社会矛盾,本文拟就行政纠错与国土资源依法行政作一探讨。     

数学地质在1997～1999年期间的主要进展

数学地质是地质学的一个重要的新分支.本文主要介绍数学地质在1997～1999年期间的主要进展,其内容主要涉及"数字地球"概念建立并向数学地质引进以后得到的新启示.地质统计学在近年来取得的新进展以及计算机地质图形学、地理信息系统(GIS)、人工神经网络、灰色系统理论、突变论、小波变换、遗传算法、遗传规划在地质学中的应用和取得的新进展.     

单体经济模型下市场均衡状态利润成本变动规律浅析

微观经济学研究单体经济模型中经济活动个体的经济行为 ,核心是价格决定理论。商品的价格是由市场中对这种商品的供给和需求决定的。供给和需求相反的作用力 ,使商品达到市场均衡状态。当商品的生产成本发生变化时 ,供给函数发生变化 ,达到新的市场均衡。但均衡利润呈现出与生产成本变动相反的变化趋势。本文试图对其变化规律做出探讨。     

基于超熵理论的泥石流危险性模糊综合评判

泥石流灾害往往造成巨大经济损失,但由于其影响因素众多,如何合理进行危险性评判一直是研究的焦点问题.本文以研究项目为依托,选择泥石流流域沟谷的纵剖面形态指数作为流域的地貌特征指标,用超熵理论量化泥石流流域地貌系统的稳定性与演化趋势,并借助于模糊综合评判手段,对泥石流危险性进行评价.评判结果表明:该方法的评价结果与实际较为接近,为泥石流流域系统的演化趋势预测以及危险性等级划分提供了良好的分析方法.     

大口径地质调查井松页油地1井改造地热井取得圆满成功

大庆地区地热资源丰富,废弃油井众多.如何改造废弃油井,合理选择地热开采方式,成为实现清洁能源高效利用亟需解决的问题.2020年,中国地质调查局沈阳地质调查中心组织实施“松嫩平原水文地质调查”项目,联合黑龙江省第一水文地质工程地质勘察院,成功对“松页油1井”进行了地热井改造,获取了一系列重要热效应参数,对松嫩平原腹地清洁能源的应用与推广具有重要的指导意义.     

生态地球化学评价数据统计处理原则及方法研究

土壤中元素的地球化学行为影响因素众多,除和元素本身的地球化学性质有关外,土壤pH、TOC等理化性质都会对元素的行为产生影响.通过代表性样品的大量统计研究,总结元素地球化学行为的控制因素,建立元素全量与分量间的关系方程,不但在理论研究上具有重要意义,而且在利用面积性调查数据、实行区域生态地球化学评价的实际应用上也具有重要的应用价值.研究结果表明,建立关系方程时,需遵循以下原则.     

VB与Visual Fortran混合语言编程及其在物探化探数值计算中的应用

作者在本文中详细介绍了VB与Visual Fortran(VB\VF)混合语言编程技术，尤其是对怎样用VB语言调用Fortran动态连接库（DLL）进行了详细的说明。将VB\VF进行混合语言编程一方面可以达到这两种语言的优势互补的目的，另一方面可以再利用前人留下的大量成熟的Fortan程序，避免了重复编程和资源浪费，节约了大量编程时间。混合语言编程在物探化探数值计算中是一种很有前途的编程方法。     

Postbellum race relations in commodity exchange

A structural imperative of capital is to expand commodity exchange. To realize surplus value, capitalists not only have to exploit workers in the production process, but also make workers buy what they produce. This paper examines how this imperative of capital shaped race relations from the end of slavery through the Jim Crow era. The racism that sustained black slavery was highly exclusionary––a fixed racism that undermined this imperative of capital to expand commodity exchange. A more flexible racism would resolve this contradiction. Reconstruction was a move to erase all vestiges of the fixed racism that sustained slavery from relations of commodity exchange. Jim Crow countered with a more flexible racism that maintained the racial status quo but was less of a barrier to blacks participating in commodity exchange in the consumption process.     

Tourism dynamos: Selective commodification and developmental conservation in China’s protected areas

At scenic sites across China, rural officials compelled to maximize revenue use local state authority over protected areas to foster “tourism dynamos”. Local states set up infrastructure and institutions around rural attractions that channel the circulation of tourists, churning out revenues that meet quotas and fund further expansion of attractions and towns. To make these dynamos turn, local authorities have displaced resident-led tourism operations they had previously helped set up. Residents are reincorporated in varying ways and often retain land use rights. Meanwhile, as revenues stream out of attractions, what little is invested in environmental protection goes to maintaining scenery. Local governments also accomplish spatial transformations, within each park intensifying surplus generation in areas zoned for tourism while reserving other areas from use, and beyond park boundaries linking attractions together on tourism circuits radiating from central towns. This state-driven transformations depend on how the reservation of land from commodity exchange within protected areas comes together with specific state capacities to enable tourism intensification. These processes, which I label “developmental conservation,” call attention to selective commodifications and the mediating role of the state in protected area governance in China and beyond.     

Contested diamond certification: Reconfiguring global and national interests in Zimbabwe’s Marange fields

This study examines the political uses of “conflict diamond” discourse in global debates about commodity certification and socially responsible mining in Zimbabwe. Engaging critical literature on “conflict-free” corporate branding initiatives, the study focuses on representations of conflict in Marange, in Zimbabwe’s eastern highlands. In 2006, a diamond rush in Marange drew in tens of thousands of artisanal miners from across Zimbabwe as well as foreigners, and the government initiated military crackdowns in 2008. In a highly contested vote in 2009, the international government delegates who comprised the voting members in the Kimberley Process Certification System (KPCS) ruled that conflict in Marange did not meet the KPCS definitions of “conflict diamond.” The study examines discourses of key stakeholders in the multinational diamond industry, human rights organizations, policymakers as well as artisanal miners in Zimbabwe between 2006 and 2014. The article argues that advocacies against diamond certification as well as advocacies favouring certification both tended to overlook the interests of artisanal miners, focusing narrowly on certain forms of conflict while associating artisanal mining with illicitness. The Marange case illustrates how conventional discourses on “conflict diamonds” not only obscure the complex nature of conflicts in contemporary capitalist accumulation processes; they also risk contributing to new forms of structural violence. This analysis highlights the need to pay careful attention to how global commodity certification discourses inter-relate with political agendas at multiple scales. The study draws attention to dilemmas for geographers when portraying the interests of marginalized groups in – and affected by – the diamond mining sector.     

A volcanic activity alert-level system for aviation: review of its development and application in Alaska

Avalanche warning services (AWS) are operated to protect communities and traffic lines in avalanche-prone regions of the Alps and other mountain ranges. In times of high avalanche danger, these services may decide to close roads or to evacuate settlements. Closing decisions are based on field observations, avalanche release statistics, and snow forecasts issued by weather services. Because of the spatial variability in the snowpack and the insufficient understanding of avalanche triggering mechanisms, closing decisions are characterized by large uncertainties and the information based on which AWS have to decide is always incomplete. In this paper, we illustrate how signal detection theory can be applied to make better use of the information at hand. The proposed framework allows the evaluation of past road closures and points to how the decision performance of AWS could be improved. To illustrate the proposed framework, we evaluate the decision performance of two AWS in Switzerland and discuss the advantages of such a formalized decision-making approach.     

地勘单位应贯彻实施GB／T19000—ISO9000系列标准

在分析地勘单位目前质量管理存在问题的基础上,论述了开展贯彻实施ＧＢ／Ｔ１９０００－ＩＳＯ９０００系列标准（简称贯标,下同）,建立健全质量体系,以现代企业制度管理地勘单位的现实意义。根据地勘工作及其成果的特点,将地勘工作划分为地质调查研究和勘查技术方法两大类,并建立了相应的质量管理模式,提出了贯标工作的几项重要保障措施。     

Responsible adults-in-the-making: Intergenerational impact of parental migration on Indonesian young women’s aspirational capacity

In the developing economies in Southeast Asia, labour migration is increasingly seen not simply to generate income to meet short-term livelihood needs but to secure the family’s future, often by investing in children’s education. While much work has been done studying the impact of parents’ remittances on children’s wellbeing including education access, the impact of parental migration on children’s (educational) aspirations has received less attention. Viewing youth as social actors, this paper interrogates how they make meaning of their parents’ migration, and how this consequently influences their decisions to activate, delay or reshape their hopes and plans for their own educational and work trajectories. With the increasing feminisation of labour migration in Southeast Asia where gendered regimes in care and domestic work make it easier for women to work overseas, this paper focuses attention on the aspirations of young women at the cusp of adulthood from a migrant-sending area in rural East Java, Indonesia. These young women’s ‘navigational capacity’ (Appadurai, 2004) is not only shaped by tangible obstacles such as the lack of sufficient resources, but is also more subtly moulded by an emerging discourse of self-responsibilisation in the making of ‘dutiful daughters’. Drawing on conceptualisations of multiple ‘logics of aspiring’ operating within spatial contexts (Zipin et al., 2015), we show how young women unsettle, inflect and challenge the normative linear education-work transitions by expressing their desire to replace their parents in accessing labour migration as a livelihood option, and reflect on the dialectical relationship between agency and aspirations.     

Rethinking flood risk communication

Flooding is a serious hazard across Europe, with over 200 major floods documented in the last two decades. Over this period, flood management has evolved, with a greater responsibility now placed on at-risk communities to understand their risk and take protective action to develop flood resilience. Consequently, communicating flood risk has become an increasingly central part of developing flood resilience. However, research suggests that current risk communications have not resulted in the intended increase in awareness, or behavioural change. This paper explores how current risk communications are used by those at risk, what information users desire and how best this should be presented. We explore these questions through a multi-method participatory experiment, working together with a competency group of local participants in the town of Corbridge, Northumberland, the UK. Our research demonstrates that current risk communications fail to meet user needs for information in the period before a flood event, leaving users unsure of what will happen, or how best to respond. We show that participants want information on when and how a flooding may occur (flood dynamics), so that they can understand their risk and feel in control of their decisions on how to respond. We also present four prototypes which translate these information needs into new approaches to communicating flood risk. Developed by the research participants, these proposals meet their information needs, increase their flood literacy and develop their response capacity. The findings of the research have implications for how we design and develop future flood communications, but also for how we envisage the role of flood communications in developing resilience at a community level.     

Comparing classical statistic and machine learning models in landslide susceptibility mapping in Ardanuc (Artvin), Turkey

Natural Hazards - Landslide susceptibility maps provide crucial information that helps local authorities, public institutions, and land-use planners make the correct decisions when they are...     

EXCEL在边坡稳定性分析中的应用

利用Excel强大的数据处理、便捷的公式函数和所支持的面向对象化的程序设计语言VBA,应用于土坡的稳定性分析。基本方法为：先采用传统的瑞典条分法对边坡进行计算分析,在求得最危险滑动面的基础上,通过简化Bishop法对边坡安全系数Fs进行改进。在此过程中,Excel加载VBA子程序可以方便地得到极限平衡条分法中的各未知量,并计算出最危险滑动面上的安全系数Fs,同时使用其可视化功能绘出最危险滑动面的位置。此方法简化了计算程序,不仅容易在Excel表格中实现,且计算对比表明本文方法计算结果与简化Bishop法计算结果非常接近,可满足工程需要。