不同攻角下投弃式海流剖面仪流体动力特性研究

对投弃式海流剖面仪(eXpendable Current Profiler,XCP)不同攻角下流体动力特性进行数值模拟,分析了XCP探头流场压力分布与运动趋势的关系.研究了不同攻角下XCP探头阻力系数和升力系数的变化规律.研究表明,攻角能够明显改变流场的轴对称性.0°～10°攻角下,XCP探头阻力系数和升力系数随攻角增...     

XCP投弃式海洋探头阻力系数数值计算及试验研究

以XCP探头为模型,采用有限体积法结合κ-ε两方程湍流模型,对XCP探头阻力系数进行了数值计算,研究了XCP探头的阻力特性。获得了不同雷诺数下阻力系数的变化趋势和水下稳定运动时的极限速度。结果表明阻力系数随着雷诺数的增加而减小,其数值计算结果与海上实测数据基本吻合,验证了该数值计算方法的正确性,可为XCP探头结构设计提供参考。     

NMOHEMS探头外形对其下沉运动的影响分析

NMOHEMS 探头是一种由无人机运载的小型投掷式探头,采用混合网格技术结合湍流模型,建立了探头下沉运动的数值计算方法,分析了导流腔、收缩段及尾翼对探头下沉运动的影响;通过6种外形探头在不同雷诺数下的阻力系数和相同质量下的极限速度对比,发现探头外形对其下沉运动数值计算的结果影响较大;其中导流腔和收缩段均具有明显的减阻作用,且收缩段的影响更大,而尾翼具有一定的增阻作用;lgRe 在2.3~3.8时,6种外形探头的阻力系数差别较大,随着雷诺数的增加,阻力系数均迅速减小;lgRe 在3.8~5.1时,6者的阻力系数比较接近,虽仍然保持减小趋势,但变化趋于缓慢.NMOHEMS 探头的体型较小,下沉速度较慢,对其下沉运动进行数值计算时,必须考虑外形对数值计算结果的影响.     

XBT探头外形数值模拟及实验研究

XBT探头是一种手持投弃式温深剖面测量探头,外形结构直接影响其在水中的运动姿态,进而影响其采集数据的准确性。采用N-S方程及k-ε湍流模型对三种不同外形XBT探头的压力场和速度场进行数值模拟,研究了在不同雷诺数下阻力系数的变化趋势,获得了三种不同外形XBT探头的运动极限速度。通过分析攻角与升力关系表明有尾翼探头能够获得稳定的垂直下落姿态。由数值模拟分析结果与实验结果对比可知极限速度基本相符,验证了该数值模拟方法的正确性,可为XBT探头的结构设计提供重要的理论依据。     

抛弃式探头下沉运动数值计算的网格划分方法研究

各类抛弃式探头下沉运动的数值计算研究都需要对探头表面和整个计算域进行网格划分的前处理过程,选择不同的网格划分方法和划分精度,会影响数值计算速度和计算精度,最终生成的网格质量决定了计算结果的收敛性和准确性。针对抛弃式探头的复杂结构,对比了两种网格划分方法、三种网格划分精度,完成探头计算区域的网格划分,采用k-ε湍流模型,进行抛弃式探头下沉运动的数值计算,并将计算结果与水箱和水库实验结果进行对比,验证了混合网格划分方法和普通精度网格对抛弃式探头下沉运动数值计算的适用性,研究结果对类似较为复杂结构的水下运动体的数值计算前处理过程具有一定的参考和借鉴意义。     

斜压海洋能量传递对风场的响应

风是海水运动的重要动力因素,也是海洋内部的主要能量来源.本文在应用陆架海洋模式HAMSOM对东中国海海水运动进行数值模拟的基础上,通过傅里叶变换、旋转谱分析等研究方法,对风向海洋的能量输运进行研究.研究结果显示,风场向海洋输运的最有效途径是风杨扰动量与流场扰动量的相互作用;惯性能量主要来源于海洋表层,由风场提供,向下传递;而潮频率能量大部分来自海底的内潮与底地形相互作用,向上传递.     

球坐标系下MASNUM海浪数值模式的建立及其应用

为开展海浪对海洋上混合层的搅拌混合作用及其对海气界面通量的影响等研究,在LAGFD WAM区域海浪数值模式基础上建立了球坐标系下的全球海浪数值模式.重点导出了球坐标系下的海浪能量谱平衡方程及其复杂特征线方程,该组方程包含了背景流场对波动传播的调整、波动沿大圆传播的折射等.数值积分则采用复杂特征线嵌入计算格式.初步数值模拟结果表明,该海浪全球数值模式能够较为精确地刻画海浪的动力过程.     

实验室造波条件对内孤立波发展影响的直接数值模拟

内孤立波具有振幅尺度大、能量集中的特点,其引起流场和密度场的迅速变化可能对海洋工程结构物以及水下潜体造成严重威胁.因此研究不同造波条件下生成的内孤立波运动的流场特征具有重要的学术意义和实际应用价值.采用直接数值模拟方法和给定的初始密度场密度跃迁函数,对重力塌陷激发内孤立波的运动过程进行研究,探讨了不同造波条件下,激发产...     

水下节流阀砂粒冲蚀数值模拟研究

在海洋油气开发中,水下节流阀作为水下生产系统的重要组成部分,用于调节生产单元的流量,冲蚀是其主要失效因素之一,因此研究水下节流阀冲蚀失效的影响机理尤为重要。以某笼套式角型水下节流阀为研究对象,建立了水下节流阀的三维流体域模型,采用ANSYS Fluent的标准k-ε湍流模型、DPM离散相模型和Generic冲蚀模型进行了不同开度下的流场数值模拟计算和冲蚀分析,研究了流场环境参数对冲蚀的影响。对水下节流阀流场数值模拟结果进行分析,得到了水下节流阀流场内流速、压力的分布规律。对不同开度下水下节流阀的冲蚀数值模拟结果进行分析,发现节流孔处是冲蚀最为严重区域,得到了冲蚀率随开度的变化曲线。对不同流场环境参数下水下节流阀的冲蚀数值模拟结果进行分析,得到了最大冲蚀率和最大冲蚀深度随流场环境参数的变化规律。根据数值模拟的分析及结论可以对水下节流阀结构进行改进,并在油气生产中对流场环境参数进行控制,提高海洋油气开发的经济效益。     

基于表面V形沟槽的圆柱减阻性能研究

为了研究沟槽圆柱在亚临界雷诺数下的阻力特性,采用数值模拟与水槽试验相结合的方法,对沟槽圆柱的减阻性能进行研究.开展三维流场数值模拟,确定最佳仿真模型参数,研究沟槽参数、雷诺数以及迎流角对减阻效果的影响,设计了一种减小端面绕流干扰的水槽试验,验证仿真结果.结果表明:在雷诺数为40000时,沟槽深度为0.0075D(D为圆...     

Model of the post-Cenozoic evolution of the cryolithozone of the shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea

The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ～200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ～380 km from the coast at a depth of ～250 m above the sea level.     

Investigation of the mechanism of the long-term evolution of the carbon cycle in the ecosystem of the Sevastopol bay

We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability.     

Contemporary state of the investigation of the influence of the discharge of rivers on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea

We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic regime of the sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Modelling of the ecosystem of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube

We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the shelf zone and open sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Dynamics of the ice cover and peculiarities of the ice transportation of the sediments at the tidal flats of the Kandalaksha Gulf of the White Sea

Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m³ from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m³ on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area.     

Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east

A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state.     

Variability of the nutrient runoff of the rivers of the Arctic Basin

The spatiotemporal variability of the hydrochemical composition of the riverine runoff in nearmouth areas is presented using the example of selected rivers of the Arctic Basin. The temporal dynamics of the riverine nutrient runoff are mainly determined by the seasonal and interseasonal variations in the drainage basins. The spatial variations in the chemical composition of riverine waters in the near-mouth areas are mainly caused by the dynamics of the water flow and the river bed relief and, to a lesser degree, by biochemical processes. It is shown that the variations in the nutrient composition of the waters in near-mouth areas are comparable in magnitude to those at the river-sea geochemical barriers.     

Parameters of the sediments of the deep-water basin of the Black Sea

The methodology and the first results of the computations of the volumes, masses, and growth rates of the sedimentary body of the buried Black Sea basin are presented. Their temporal evolution reflects the regional paleogeodynamics, in particular, the reorientation of the vector of the relative movement of the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates and the related intensification of their collision in the late Miocene-Pliocene.     

Modelling of the ecosystem on the shelf of the Republic of Guinea

Three mathematical models are considered: a two-dimensional model for calculating the concentration fields of the ecosystem components on the shelf of the Republic of Guinea, a pointwise model for the annual variation of the components, and a two predators-prey model. These models are used to study the effect of hydrodynamic conditions on the state of the shelf ecosystem and for research into the causes which distort the balance between marketable and unmarketable fish.Translated by Mikhail M. Trufanov.     

Evolution of the slope of the buried depression of the Black Sea

The first data on the temporal evolution of the slope of the buried depression of the Black Sea are obtained. The sharp change in the rate of the decrease in the slope steepness that occurred in the Late Miocene-Pliocene time reflects a reorientation of the vector of mutual movement and a related intensification of the collision between the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates.