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一种新型筑堤结构:轻质硬壳堤坝 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:9
针对软弱地基存在的堤坝不均匀沉降、滑坡、位移、倒塌等问题,提出了一种新型的筑堤结构──轻质硬壳堤坝。该结构采用发泡塑料作为堤坝材料,或铺设于软基面上,或填充于易沉陷部位,或搅拌于土石方中;以高强度材料,制成堤坝外壳或堤坝某一部分的外壳,然后填入其他松散材料,使其产生减重、加筋、防渗、隔离、堆高的作用,以增强堤坝刚度,提高堤坝稳定性。这种新型堤坝结构具有较高的防洪、抗地震能力,以及缩短建筑工期,降低造价,废物利用等优点。 相似文献
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针对软基堤坝稳定性差,容易沉陷滑移,土石方堆不上,工期长,无法快速施工等问题,提出了鲎式轻质堤坝结构和筑堤方法,又称"松垒筑堤法".它减轻了易沉陷部位的质量,均衡堤坝荷重,增强整体稳定性,提高强度,使堤坝与地基溶为一体,消除了堤坝的不均匀沉降;是一种在软弱地基上应用仿生结构的筑堤方法. 相似文献
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Spatial Distribution of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) Contaminants in the Tidal-flat Sediments of Yangtze Estuary 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
1 IntroductionYangtze River estuary is the biggest one in China, and there are domestic and manufactural rubbish disposal sites for Shanghai city in this tidal-flat. The Shanghai city, the whole Yangtze delta, or even all the Yangtze basin, will be PCBs contaminant sources of Yangtze estuary tidal-flat[1]. According to literatures so far, only two investigations for waters have included PCBs in the Yangtze estuary[2, 3]. No PCBs pollution of the tidal-flat sediments has been reported… 相似文献
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This study describes the macrofauna of the three beaches situated in central Gulf of Gabès (Tunisia): Ouderef, Gabès and Zarrat. The Gulf of Gabès has the largest tides in the Mediterranean and the beaches showed a wide intertidal zone. The beaches were sampled once during the spring low tides of June 2005. A transect was extended at each beach, from above the drift line to below the swash line at five sampled levels; at each level six 0.05 m2 replicates were taken to a depth of 30 cm and sieved through a 1-mm mesh, and the organisms collected and preserved. The three beaches showed a different physical environment. Sediment type was medium sand at the steeper Ouderef beach, fine sands at Gàbes beach, and very fine sands at the flatter Zarrat beach. The total number of species collected was 31: 12 crustaceans, 10 polychaetes, four molluscs and five insects. The supralittoral and mediolittoral zones were very different. The supralittoral zone was dominated by Talitrus saltator and insects. The most abundant mediolittoral species were the amphipod crustacean Bathyporeia guilliamsoniana at Ouderef beach (23069 ind.m−1 ), the surf clam Donax trunculus at Gabès beach (60711 ind.m−1 ) and the spionid polychaete Scolelepis mesnili at Zarrat beach (18345.6 ind.m−1 ). 相似文献
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为了更好地跟踪水产养殖活动对海湾水环境的影响,于2011年10月采集了3个具有代表性的大亚湾海域水产养殖区的水样和底泥样品,研究了底泥含水率、孔隙率、密度以及孔隙水中的氨氮和可溶活性磷酸盐的垂直分布。采用经典的Fick定律,计算了氮和磷在沉积物-水界面的释放速率和年释放量。基于环境水力学理论,应用水平二维数学模型,计算了氮和磷在沉积物-水界面释放之后在海水中的扩散迁移时空分布。结果表明,澳头、深水港、虎头门采样点沉积物-水界面的氨氮年释放量分别为13.5、5.2、0.56t·a-1,可溶活性磷酸盐的释放量分别为0.34、0.03、0.02t·a-1,使水产养殖区域沉积物成为极具潜力的污染内源。释放到海水中的氮和磷受潮流、风、水深的影响,其扩散迁移范围呈长条形带状分布。每个养殖区域的污染带长度约为1km,横向宽度约为50m。该区域的海水极易呈富营养化状态。 相似文献
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半滑舌鳎封闭式循环水养殖系统的设计与应用 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
设计了生物承载量为45t、养殖密度为45kg/m3的半滑舌鳎封闭式循环水养殖系统,对养殖半滑舌鳎8个月的水处理效果进行测定和分析。循环水系统设计主要参数为:养殖半滑舌鳎3万余尾,补水量53m3/d,补水率约5%,供氧量7.4kg/h,循环量1 281m3/h,循环次数为20次/d,生物过滤器有效体积为106m3。经系统处理后,养殖池内水温为18~21℃,pH=7.0~8.0,DO≥6.6mg/L,养殖池进水氨氮0.017~0.178mg/L,亚硝酸氮0.012~0.064mg/L,细菌0~220个/mL,弧菌0~30个/mL。系统的水处理效果达到了养殖鱼对水质的要求。试验期间,共投喂饵料34 511kg,饵料系数1.1。试验结束时,生产半滑舌鳎成鱼41 469kg,与传统养殖模式相比,提高了养殖产量。本系统在水产养殖生产中具有一定的借鉴和推广使用价值。 相似文献
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利用2018年4-5月在湛江特呈岛东边海域养殖区内测定的数据,以及海事服务网提供的潮汐数据,分析了研究区域潮汐、流速和流向的变化规律,研究了溶解氧(Dissolved Oxygen,DO)、化学需氧量CODMn(Chemical Oxygen Demand)、二氧化碳CO2浓度和pH等海水环境参数随潮汐变化的特征以及相关性,建立了分别利用DO和pH值来估算海水CO2浓度的新算法,平均估算精度分别达到90%和95%。分析结果表明:(1)研究区域呈现不规则半日潮,流速随潮汐变化分为正相关和负相关两种类型;流向随着潮汐变化基本是东南与西北向;(2) CODMn的变化完全取决于涨落潮过程,涨潮时CODMn值逐渐下降,而落潮过程CODMn值逐渐上升;(3) CO2浓度呈现出明显的日变化,在午后数值达到最低值,不完全受制于潮汐过程的控制;(4) DO和pH两者的变化趋势高度一致,其变化过程与CO2浓度变化过程正好相反;(5)同一地点的海洋环境参数随潮汐涨落有很大的变异性,因而在进行空间大面海洋环境参数调查时,用某时刻的值代表该点的全天情况会出现较大的误差。 相似文献
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竹醋对生活污水好氧处理的强化作用初步研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用在生活污水好氧处理之前投加外源物质的方法 ,研究了竹醋 (Bamboo Vinegar,BV)及其主要有机成分 (乙酸 )对污水好氧处理效果的强化作用。结果表明 :1当 VBV/ V污水 的比值达到1 / 1 0 6时 ,BV对污水 CODcr的去除有极显著的强化作用 :CODcr去除率比不加竹醋的对照组提高1 0 %。但是 ,BV对污水中 NH+ 4 - N,T- P的去除率没有影响。 2乙酸单独使用亦可显著提高污水CODcr去除率 ,当 V乙酸 / V污水 为 1 / 1 0 7时 ,强化效果最好 ,CODcr去除率提高 1 3%。由于乙酸具有与BV相似的作用特点 ,所以认为 BV对污水处理效果的强化作用来自其中的乙酸。为了将 BV应用于污水处理中 ,需要进一步研究确定 BV对活性污泥法、生物膜法处理污水的强化效果 相似文献
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The ocypodid crab, Dotilla myctiroides, was studied on the south-west coast of peninsular Malaysia. The mean numbers and biomass over a year along a transect from high to low water ranged from 37·5 to 579 crabs m?2 and from 2·22 to 50·79 g m?2 (wet weight) respectively. Berried females were found in all months of the year but two peaks of activity were apparent, from November to February and May to July. It is suggested that this may be related to changes in food abundance associated with the effects of monsoon winds on sea currents. Laboratory growth studies indicated that maximum life span was approximately 13 months (from first crab stage) for males and 10 months for females. Growth rate decreased with increasing size of crab. Egg number increased with size of female. 相似文献