11-deoxyheloside A的合成

首次完成天然胆甾烷型皂苷11-deoxyheloside A的合成。在相转移催化的条件下,葡萄糖溴苷1与膦酸单乙酯2反应以69%的收率得到葡萄糖膦酸酯供体3;以胆甾烷苷元4为原料,经Luche还原和乙酰化反应以及三氟甲磺酸负载硅胶脱除TBDPS基团得到胆甾烷二醇10;在金催化剂的作用下,胆甾二醇10与葡萄糖膦酸酯供体3进行糖苷化反应,然后脱除酰基保护基以97%的产率完成11-deoxyheloside A的合成。     

薯蓣皂苷的汇聚式合成

采用汇聚式合成策略高效完成了天然产物薯蓣皂苷的合成。在PhCF_3/~t BuCN/CH_2Cl_2溶剂中,以HB(C_6F_5)_4作为催化剂,-20℃条件下马铃薯三糖三氯亚胺酯供体与薯蓣皂苷元反应,以β/α=11.8/1的立体选择性和97%的产率得到糖苷化产物,然后脱除保护基得到薯蓣皂苷。     

四种齐墩果酸皂苷的合成

为获得高活性齐墩果酸皂苷药物候选分子，报道了4种单糖(葡萄糖、半乳糖、木糖、阿拉伯糖)与齐墩果酸的D3羟基进行糖苷化反应合成皂苷的方法。在合成中采用糖的全苯甲酰化三氯乙酰亚胺酯为糖基供体，齐墩果酸烯丙醇酯为糖基受体，在三氟甲磺酸三甲基硅醇酯(TMSOTf)的作用下，糖基供体与齐墩果酸的C-3羟基进行糖苷化，以较高的收率和专一的立体选择性得到4种齐墩果酸单糖皂苷。化合物结构经核磁共振波谱得以确证。     

选择性糖苷化合成二糖甾体皂苷

合成了一种二糖薯蓣皂苷。本文在实现6′-O-Piv-β-D-半乳糖薯蓣皂苷4制备的基础上,通过与葡萄糖给体9进行区域选择性糖苷化反应和乙酰化反应得到化合物7,通过解析7的1 H NMR,13 C NMR,1 H-1 H COSY,HMQC,HM-BC谱图,确定了化合物4选择性糖苷化的位点是其2′-OH,最后经脱除保护基得到二糖皂苷8。     

南海卡氏豆荚软珊瑚化学成分研究Ⅱ

运用光谱分析和GC－MS方法首次从卡氏豆荚软珊瑚Lobophytumcatelai中分离和鉴定出8个化合物：l，十六碳酸；2,异丁基十六碳酸酯；3，鲨肝醇；4十六酸丙酯；5，2，3一二羟基丙基十八酸酯；6，2β，3β-环氧基-5α-雄甾烷-17-醇；7，14-甲基-5α-胆甾-8-稀-3-酮；8，2α，3α一环氧基-5α-雄甾烷-17-醇。     

金(I)催化薯蓣皂苷元衍生物的合成

本文发展了一种对薯蓣皂苷元官能团化的新型方法。在催化量的(PhO)3PAuCl和AgB(C6F5)4的协同作用下,薯蓣皂苷元邻炔基苯甲酸酯与亲核试剂反应,在薯蓣皂苷元的3位/6位形成碳氧键、碳氮键、碳硫键和碳碳键,得到多种薯蓣皂苷元衍生物/异甾体衍生物,为薯蓣皂苷元的结构改造提供了新的合成方法。     

滨海湿地耐盐植物二色补血草化学成分研究

采用硅胶柱层析,Sephedex-LH-20凝胶层析,HPLC等方法,从滨海湿地耐盐植物二色补血草中分离得到了10个单体化合物。运用NMR,MS以及与文献对照,鉴定它们的结构分别为豆甾烷-3,6-二酮(1),豆甾-4烯-3,6-二酮(2),6β-羟基-豆甾-4-烯-3-酮(3),5α,8α-环二氧-24-甲基-胆-甾6,22E-二烯-3β-醇(4),5,α8α-环二氧-24-甲基-胆甾-6,9,22E-三烯-3β-醇(5),麦角-甾4,6,8(14),22E?四烯-3-酮(6),植醇(7),正十六烷酸(8),亚油酸(9),亚油酸单甘油酯(10)。化合物1~7和10为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

南海沉积物中烷基环己烷,烷基苯,克萝卜烷和萜烷等化合物

本文研究了南海中部柱状样中烷基环己烷，烷基苯，胡萝卜烷和萜烷的分布特征，它们来自藻类和喜盐细菌。４－甲基甾烷的先驱物４－甲基甾醇存在于钙质超微化石颗石藻中，它为南海沉积物中含有４－甲基甾烷提供了依据。     

碣石湾表层海水油指纹特征参数研究

本文通过2012年5月份和9月份两次采样,研究了碣石湾表层海水油指纹特征参数的大小和差异。结果表明:5月份碣石湾表层海水正构烷烃呈单峰分布,主峰碳为n-C16,9月份海域海水正构烷烃呈双峰型,前峰明显高于后峰,5月份表层海水受到油类影响,9月份表层海水同时受到油类污染和陆生高等植物的影响。在碣石湾表层海水的甾烷和萜烷中,5月和9月份碣石湾表层海水17α(H),21β(H)-藿烷(C30)为主要成分,其次为17α(H),21β(H)-30-降藿烷(C29);胆甾烷(C27甾烷)和乙基胆甾烷(C29甾烷)的ααα占优,甲基胆甾烷(C28甾烷)含量相对较低。     

中国南海豆荚软珊瑚Lobophytum sp.中西松烷二萜类化学成分研究

为了从中国南海生物中寻找具有生物活性的次级代谢产物,本研究选择采自三亚附近海域的一种豆荚软珊瑚Lobophytumsp.为研究对象,综合运用各种色谱分离技术和现代光谱学方法,对其甲醇提取物中的西松烷二萜类化学成分进行了分离鉴定,得到7个α-亚甲基-γ-内酯型西松烷二萜类化合物:Lobophytolide B(1),3-dehydroxyl-20-acetylpresinularolide B(2),crassumolide I(3),lobophilide B(4),durumolide C(5),lobolide(6),13-hydroxylobolid(7)。采用SRB或MTT法对化合物2~7进行了肿瘤细胞毒活性初步评价,活性测试结果显示这些化合物均表现出不同程度的肿瘤细胞毒活性。     

Microbial Biomass and Organic Nutrients in the Deep-Sea Sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin

In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance.     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification

An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm.     

Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans

A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level.     

Deep-Sea Sediment Compression Curves: Some Controlling Factors, Spurious Overconsolidation, Predictions, and Geophysical Reproduction

Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations.     

INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS

<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology,     

Estimation of Sediment Properties during Benthic Impact Experiments

Sediment properties, such as water content and density, have been used to estimate the dry and wet weights, as well as the volume of sediment recovered and discharged, during benthic impact experiments conducted in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The estimates show that the weights of dry (355-1332 t) and wet sediment (1651-4888 t) recovered during the experiments, are not only a function of the total duration and distance covered during the experiment, but also depend on water content and density of the sediment. Estimation of dry sediment and its volumetric ratio in the discharge, are key parameters for calculating the discharged volume. The estimated volume of wet sediment recovered (1427-4049 m 3 ) as well as discharged (2693-6951 m 3 ) during the experiments, provide important inputs to evaluate the sediment resettlement and migration. Using these estimates, the average depth of excavation on the seafloor, can also been calculated. However, the stages of sediment recovery and discharge are expressed differently in some of the experiments. In order to standardize these, different stages have been identified, and definitions of certain terms have been suggested, for use in the future. The methods of calculating different properties, as well as weight and volume of discharged sediment are described in the paper for use in other applications concerning deep-sea discharges.