饱和软黏土中埋地管道冻结模型试验研究

为研究软土地区埋地管道在土体冻结过程中的管道受力机理, 开展了饱和软黏土中地埋管道冻结模型试验。通过人工冻结技术, 近似还原了管土受冻过程, 研究了人工冻结过程中土体温度场、 水分场、 位移场分布情况, 以及管道的力学特性。结果表明： 在冻结过程中, 土体温度场的变化直接影响着土中水分场的分布; 在冻结锋面前缘存在着剧烈的水分迁移现象, 大量的水分向冻结锋面迁移, 使得土体产生线性冻胀; 冻胀发展速率受外部荷载的直接影响; 当冻结发展到管道处时, 位于冻胀和非冻胀过渡段位置处的管身出现应力最大值。研究结果对于正冻土中管道的安全评估具有重要的意义。     

环形单圈管冻结稳态温度场解析解

人工地层冻结技术被广泛应用于地下工程施工中。冻结温度场的计算是人工冻结法理论研究的基础,也是冻结施工设计的重要依据。人工地层冻结施工常使用环形单圈冻结管冻结,而至今尚无关于其温度场的解析解。基于水-热异类相似原理,根据传热过程与地下水流动相似的特点,利用保角映射、汇源反映和势函数叠加原理,类比推导了环形单圈冻结管稳态温度场解析解,并用热学数值模拟方法加以验证,同时提出了简化的解析公式。结果表明,解析解计算结果与数值模拟结果较吻合,其简化公式得到的结果与原解析公式基本一致。在解析公式的基础上,经过简化,反推得到外部冻结壁厚度公式。解析解、简化公式以及厚度公式可为环形单圈冻结施工与设计提供理论的依据与指导。     

立井冻结法凿井工程中的热工计算

本在分析有关实测资料的基础上，应用近似方法求解了二类边界条件下有相变的平面轴对称的热传导方程，给出了人工冻结凿井设计中用以确定冻结壁交圈时间的相邻两冻结管周围冻结土体轴向相交接的时间，冻结壁形成变化规律，冻结壁平均温度和温度和内外冻结壁厚度关系。将计算结果与实测资料比较表明，中所给计算方法和公式有较高的精度。     

竖井圆形冻结壁弹性设计理论的对比研究

对井筒冻结壁弹性设计理论的3个解析公式进行对比分析,用图解的方式展示出用叠加原理求解基于冻结壁和围岩相互作用的力学模型两种方法,揭示冻结壁外缘载荷随冻结壁厚度和刚度变化的规律。通过对用3种冻结壁厚度公式设计的差异性分析,说明采用重液公式确定拉梅公式中载荷的不合理性,提出基于太沙基有效应力原理的自重初始应力场计算方法。结合案例,比较3种解析公式得到的地层原岩水平载荷和冻结壁厚度的函数关系,用定义域和值域的数学原理研究各个冻结壁弹性设计公式的适用范围,阐释其工程实际意义,并就弹性设计的实用意义进行审慎性评述。     

卸载状态下立井冻结壁的力学分析

采用"卸载状态下冻结壁-周围土体共同作用"力学模型进行立井冻结壁应力和位移分析,推导出冻结壁应力场和位移场的解析公式,得到冻结壁设计厚度与冻结壁状态的关系。在该基础上,导出了冻结壁在不同状态下外载和内表面的位移计算公式。最后,结合工程实例进行了解析公式的应用分析,计算结果与现场监测情况较为吻合。     

冻结壁形成及解冻规律实测研究

通过实测,分析了冻结壁内温度分布规律,冻结和解冻期内冻结壁厚度、平均温度、冻结壁发展速度、解冻速度及外壁体厚占有效厚度比例与冻结时间的关系,冻结壁厚度与平均温度的关系,并得出了有关回归公式．对冻结凿井的设计和施工有着重要的指导意义．     

开放系统下饱和正冻土热质迁移的数值分析

引人Heaviside阶梯函数和Z函数使得冻结区和未冻区的导水系数、导热系数、体积热容量和土水势可以用统一的公式表达,提出了开放系统下饱和土在冻结过程中热质迁移的数学模型．对一个侧面绝热的圆柱土样的热质迁移过程进行了计算机模拟,结果表明：温度变化速率、冻结速率和温度梯度随时间减小,在冻结锋面附件温度分布曲线有拐点,冻结...     

封闭系统单向冻结淤泥质黏土水分迁移特性研究

高含水率饱和淤泥质软黏土在封闭系统中由冻结引起的土体内部水分迁移是影响其冻胀速率的重要因素。为揭示冷端温度对沿海软黏土水分迁移特性的影响,采用上海第四系滨海-浅海相淤泥质黏土,在-5~-20 ℃冷端温度条件下开展了封闭系统单向冻结试验,测定了试样冻胀量及沿着温度梯度方向的试样温度,得到了冻结锋面高度随冻结时间的发展规律、引起水分迁移的临界温度梯度、水分迁移入流通量及入流速率。结果表明:试样冻结锋面高度是关于冻结时间的函数,其拟合公式形如X(t)=t(at+b)-1;冻结区内温度梯度降低至临界温度梯度是水分迁移起始的判据,随着冷端温度的降低,临界温度梯度线性增大;水分入流速率随冻结时间的延长先增大后减小,水分入流通量-冻结时间曲线随冷端温度的降低由“S型”逐渐趋于线性;结合临界温度梯度-冷端温度关系式和冻结锋面高度-冻结时间拟合公式,可预测某一冷端温度条件下封闭系统单向冻结过程中试样内部水分迁移的起始时刻。以上试验结果有助于推进封闭系统单向冻结过程中高含水率软土水分迁移特性的定量研究,为沿海软土地区冻结法施工中冻胀量预警提供重要参考依据。     

多孔突径管沿程水头损失计算

根据多孔变径管的水力特性，本文导出了其沿程水头损失近似计算公式，利用这一公式，不仅能求出整个管段的水头损失值，而且能计算管道入口至某一点处水头损失，这一公式可用于喷灌和微灌工程的规划设计。     

测地雷达在寒区浅层地质调查中的应用

本综述了测地雷达技术在寒区浅层地质调查中的应用，包括：圈出地下冰，探测多年冻土构造、冻土上限、冰丘内部构造，测量河、湖冰厚度，多年冻土冻结核防护坝的勘深和监测，以及探测埋设的管道及其周围上层状态的变化等。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

正~~     

GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861