滦河平原更新世植被及其地理环境

根据孢粉分析,本文提出河北东部滦河下游平原地区,第四纪更新世时期的植被,主要由温带针叶和阔叶落叶树木及大量耐旱耐寒的草本植物所组成.植被发展过程可以分出四个温暖阶段和四个寒冷阶段.共温暖期的平均气温可能比现代略低.寒冷期、草原植被曾有广泛分布,很可能处于冻土带或冰绿带的自然地理环境.     

乌冈栎的地理分布

利用植物地理学分布区理论与地理信息系统技术,整合相关标本信息和文献,对乌冈栎地理分布区进行研究。结果表明:1)乌冈栎水平地理分布以亚热带为主,水平分布范围在中国(23°―34°N,100°―120°E)和日本(26°―37°N,128°―140°E);垂直分布大多在海拔500m以上,少数地区可降至海拔200m,日本分布区海拔要低于中国。2)乌冈栎现代分布区可分为中国东部分布区、中国南部分布区、中国西部分布区、中国西南部分布区和日本分布区,而中国东部分布区是目前的分布中心。3)利用壳斗科化石资料,对乌冈栎起源演化及散布途径作了推断,对其起源时间、传播路线等进行了讨论。4)第三纪及第四纪气候的演变对乌冈栎现代地理分布格局有着重大影响,为适应气候变化,其形态特征与常绿硬叶栎类中的高山栎类植物有一定差别,并逐渐退出了高山分布的地理位置。乌冈栎是否传统观点认为的冬青栎东亚替代种还有待于进一步商榷。     

新疆第四纪孢粉组合特征及植被演替

本文根据近10年新疆第四纪孢粉工作的主要收获,总结了第四纪地层中出现的主要孢粉类型。阐明了新疆第四纪具有代表性的森林——森林草原、平原河谷林、草原、荒漠草原、荒漠和草甸等六种植被孢粉组合类型。在第四纪,新疆天山南北的主要盆地处于温带干旱,半干旱气候条件控制下,平原植物群以荒漠,荒漠草原和草原为主,并发育低地草原和平原河谷林。阿尔泰山、天山、昆仑山是干旱区中的“湿岛”,植物群以森林、草原、草甸为主。反映了新疆气候演替特点,以温暖期更加干旱而冷期相对湿润的模式,另外也存在冷暖干湿条件的多种组合。同时还对藜科和蒿属花粉在孢粉组合分类上的重要作用进行了讨论,认为在藜科和蒿属占优势的孢粉组合中,以藜科明显占优势的组合应属荒漠,而以蒿属为主或两者相近的组合应归入荒漠草原或草原。     

青藏高原东缘和邻区晚新生代泥石流活动规律及其成因

本文根据大量野外考察资料和室内测年数据 ,通过对晚新生代以来不同时段泥石流沉积物的分布特征研究 ,总结了青藏高原东部及华北地区第四纪泥石流活动的规律。认为晚新生代大规模的泥石流活动始于晚第三纪 ,晚上新世～早更新世泥石流活动主要中心集中在青藏高原东部边缘地区 ;中更新世是泥石流活动最活跃的时段 ;晚更新世位于大陆内部的秦岭北坡及陇南山地泥石流活动减弱 ,华北北京山区及太行山东麓泥石流活动加强。第四纪泥石流活动的规律性变化与青藏高原的阶段性隆起及亚洲季风的建立有关     

锐意进取 硕果累累——记地貌学家崔之久教授

崔之久教授是新中国自己培养出的第一代杰出地质地理学家。他出生于1934年,1955年毕业于南京大学地理系,同年保送为北京大学地理系研究生。1957至1961年随国家登山队攀登我国西部众多高山,对冰川冰缘地貌和第四纪地质做了大量科考工作,作为我国研究现代冰川的先驱者而蜚声国内地学界。1961至1989年除在北京大学地理系长期从事地貌和第四纪地质的教学科研工作外,还多次参加了青藏高原、天山、祁连山、昆仑山、唐古拉山、川西山地、阿尔泰山、大兴安岭、中国东部中高山和南极中国长城站区的科学考察,并应邀考察了美国阿拉斯加、华盛顿州山地和东部五大湖区以及加拿大极地区、育     

库姆塔格沙漠第四纪孢粉及古环境探讨

根据92°经线上南北2个典型剖面的孢粉分析,结合剖面岩性特征和地层年代的测定,对库姆塔格沙漠第四纪环境进行探讨。结果表明:沙漠地层沉积特征不同,剖面孢粉种类、数量差异较大。南部ZH剖面长期受季节性洪水冲击而成,地层孢粉含量相对贫乏,只有21科属植物183粒孢粉,孢粉组成以藜科、禾本科为主,属典型的荒漠植被和草原荒漠植被类型;北部沙漠干湖盆剖面地层沉积包括了上游的冲积、洪积物和沙漠北部的风成相沉积物,地层剖面孢粉有39个科属植物孢粉1 767粒,孢粉以荒漠植被藜科占优势,并涵盖有莎草科、黑三棱属等湿生草甸类植物花粉。库姆塔格沙漠第四纪环境经历了干热、干湿交替到干旱的变化过程,代表干旱环境的藜科植物孢粉含量由南部的30.6%增至北部的50.5%,早期的ZH剖面曾出现过多次干湿交替的变化过程,表征干旱环境的麻黄属/蒿属比值在1.0%~2.0%之间变化,晚期的沙漠干湖盆剖面至少出现过一次干旱化过程,麻黄属/蒿属比值为1.80%。依次推断库姆塔格沙漠自第四纪以干旱环境为主,干旱化程度总体在加剧。     

中国猪毛菜属(Salsola L.)植物的地理分布特点

对中国猪毛菜属7组37种的地理分布的分析结果表明：亚洲荒漠植物亚区以种类的绝对优势及具有不同演化阶段的组成为中国猪毛菜属的分布中心,该区中以新疆为中心由西向东种类多样性递减：中闽猪毛菜属生境主要为旱生、盐生环境(占总种数的92％),分布海拔可从平原地区的260m上升到高山地带3500m,一些种成为群落中的建群种及优势种：中国猪毛菜属的地埋成分有6种类型,以伊朗．亚洲中部分布型及亚洲中部分布型为主(占总种数的78．38％),中国猪毛菜属与中亚地区的渊源关系十分密切,与东部地区的关系微弱,中国猪毛菜属种类是中亚地区的植物向东迁移形成的。     

浅谈研究第四纪冰期气候在方法上的若干问题——兼论庐山冰期气候

读了李吉均同志主要针对拙文(傅逸贤,中国东部山地第四纪冰期气候的初步分析,中国科学,B辑,1982,11)而写的“中国东部山地第四纪冰期气候问题”(李吉均,地理学报,38(4),1983,以下简称李文)。看来,这不仅关系到拙文,而且很可能还涉及研究中国     

沙冬青植物群落研究

沙冬青植物群落是中国沙漠地区特有的常绿植物群落，分布在荒漠区东部及荒漠草原地区。１９９１年在沙坡头地区北部的腾格里沙漠沙葱湾－通湖山一带发现有大片分布，面积达７１３３ｈａ。沙冬青植物群落的建群种沙冬青是第三纪古老的残遗种，我国已将它列入第一批珍贵稀濒危保护植物。不仅在科学研究上具有特殊意义，而且其耐旱性强，是沙漠及黄土地区适宜的防风固沙及水土保持林种，也可用作花卉，值得大力推广。     

民勤盆地东北部晚第四纪深湖亚相地层空间分布及其环境意义

民勤盆地位于石羊河下游,现今大面积地区已被风沙覆盖.前人的研究报道了在民勤盆地的东部曾经发育过一个面积巨大的"腾格里古大湖",然而尚不明确民勤盆地是否也曾被湖水覆盖.为此,本文收集整理了民勤盆地中8个水文地质钻孔的地层资料,利用GIS技术重现了研究区地表以下50 m深度内的湖相地层的空间分布特征.分析发现,在盆地的不同地区普遍发育了2~3层深湖亚相地层,部分地区甚至多达4层,各湖相层厚度介于0.5~32 m.区域地层对比结果显示,在某个时段研究区大范围地区普遍发育了深水湖泊,而其他时段则在不同地区零星发育了小湖泊.结合研究区已有的测年资料,本文认为在晚第四纪某个时段(倒数第二层深湖亚相发育阶段),整个研究区内曾经存在一个规模较大的连通湖泊;但民勤盆地晚第四纪不同阶段深湖亚相地层差异明显的空间分布特征,可能反映了湖盆沉积中心自东向西、再向北东的迁移过程.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Development and Environment in Peninsular Malaysia . S. Robert Aiken, Colin H. Leigh, Thomas R. Leinbach, Michael R. Moss. The Rural-Urban Fringe: Canadian Perspectives . Ken B. Beesley and Lorne H. Russwurm, eds. Women and Development . Lourdes Benería, ed. The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility . Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue, eds. Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development . Stanley D. Brunn and Jack L. Williams, eds. Time Resources, Society, and Ecology: On the Capacity for Human Interaction in Space and Time (Vol. I, Preindustrial Societies). Tommy Carlstein. Urban Geography . David Clark. Spanish City Planning in North America . Dora P. Crouch, Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Not On Our Street: Community Attitudes to Mental Health Care . M. J. Dear and S. M. Taylor Unequal growth: Urban and Regional Employment Change in the U.K. Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin. Agricultural Land in an Urban Society . Owen J. Furuseth and John T. Pierce. The Petroleum Industry in Oil-Importing Developing Countries . Fariborz Ghadar. Historical Understanding in Geography, An Idealist Approach . Leonard Guelke. Regional Planning in Europe . R. Hudson and J. R. Lewis, eds. Remote Sensing for Resource Management . Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders, eds. Geography and The State . R. J. Johnston. Texas Graveyards: a Cultural Legacy . Tlrry G. Jordan. The Politics of Location: An Introduction . Andrew Kirby. A Social Geography of the City . David Ley. Energy and the Future . Douglas MacLean and Peter Brown, eds. The Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present . A. G. Macpherson and J. B. Macpherson, eds. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts . Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall. Railroads and Land Grant Policy: A Study in Government Intervention . Lloyd J. Mercer. Progress in Rural Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Urban Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archaeology . Robert Paynter. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Public Policy, Anticipating the Unexpected . William J. Petak and Arthur A. Atkisson. The Nature of Geomorphology . Alistair F. Pitty. Regional Conflict and National Policy . Kent A. Price Women and Spatial Change: Learning Resources for Social Science Courses . Arlene C. Rengert and Janice J. Monk, eds. Urban and Regional Analysis for Development Planning . Richard Rhoda. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels . Keith Richards. This Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Culture . John F. Rooney, Jr., Wilbur Zelinsky, and Dean R. Louder, gen. eds. The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture . Trevor Rowley, ed. Residential Location Determinants of the Older Population . Gundars Rudzitis. Borderland Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest . Ellwyn R. Stoddard, Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Arctic and Antarctic . David Sugden. Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, February 22–24, 1979, Proceedings No. 16 . Graphic Communication and Design in Contemporary Cartography (Progress in Contemporary Cartography , Vol. II). D. R. Fraser Taylor, ed. Living with Energy Shortfall: A Future for American Towns and Cities . Jon Van Til. The United States: Habitation of Hope . J. Wreford Watson. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists . D. R. Wilson. Urban and Rural Change in West Germany . Trevor Wild, ed. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock.     

PRODUCTIVITY OF AMERICAN PH.D.-GRANTING DEPARTMENTS OF GEOGRAPHY

Reviews of geographic software in this article:

DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS.

ESP

GAUSS.

CEMODEL S. Damus

LIMDEP. William H. Greene

MICROSTAT 4.1

OTIS

PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System). H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein.

REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS)

SPSS/PC+

URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco . Janet Abu -Lughod . Marketplaces in a Developing Country: The Case of Western Nigeria . Isaac Ayinde Adalemo . Farming Development and Space: A World Agricultural Geography . Bernd Andreae . Section and Party: A Political Geography of American Presidential Elections, from Andrew Jackson to Ronald Reagan . J. Clark Archer and Peter J. Taylor . Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps . Shirley Ardener , ed. European Progress in Spatial Analysis . R. J. Bennett , ed. The Origins of Academic Geography in the United States . Brian W. Blouet Geographic Perspectives on Global Problems . Ronald Reed Boyce . Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty . Robert Chambers , Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey eds. The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces: Issues in Marine Pollution and the Exploitation of Antarctica . Jonathan I. Charney , ed. Communications Tomorrow: The Coming of the Information Society . Edward Cornish , ed. The Design of Suburbia . Arthur Edwards . Explorer on the Northern Plains: Lieutenant Gouverneur K. Warren's Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota in the Years 1855–56–57. With an Introduction by Frank N. Schubert . The Changing Climate: Responses of the Natural Flora and Fauna . Michael J. Ford . Essentials of Physical Geography . Robert E. Gabler , Robert J. Sager , Sheila Brazier , and Daniel L. Wise. The Road to Jaramillo . William Glen . Valued Environments . John R. Gold and Jacquelin Burgess , eds. Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets . Reginald G. Golledge and John N. Rayner , eds. A Search for Common Ground . Peter Gould and Gunnar Olsson , eds. Geography: Its History and Concepts . Arild Holt -Jensen . A Population Geography . Huw R. Jones . The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography, 3rd ed. Terry G. Jordan and Lester Rowntree . Urban Social Geography: An Introduction . Paul Knox . The Anatomy of Job Loss: The How, Why and Where of Employment Decline . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan . The Information Society as Post-Industial Society . Yoneji Masuda . Map Librarianship, 2nd ed. Harold Nichols . India: Cultural Patterns and Processes . Allen G. Noble and Ashok K. Dutt , eds. The God that Limps: Science and Technology in the Eighties . Colin Norman . Geography: An Introductory Perspective . Robert E. Norris , Keith D. Harries and John D. Vitek . The Politics of Technology Assessment . David M. O'Brien and Donald A. Marchand . Ethnic Segregation in Cities . Ceri Peach , Vaughan Robinson and Susan Smith , eds. Churches and Church Membership in the United States, 1980 . Bernard Quinn , Herman Anderson , Martin Bradley , Paul Goetting and Peggy Shriver . Energy in Australia: Politics and Economics . Hugh Saddler . Development from Above or Below? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries . Walter B. Stóuhr and D. R. Fraser Taylor , eds. Human Impact on the Ecosystem . Joy Tivy and Greg O'Hare . Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America . Thomas R. Vale . The Mapmakers: The Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to the Space Age . John Noble Wilford .     

Deserts and Aeolian Desertification in China: Book review and some thoughts

Desertification is a global phenomenon that affects about two billion people. It occurs in arid zones where the annual precipitation is below 400 mm, partic- ularly in the marginal areas of the world＇s largest deserts. It is a result of water and wind erosion, over- grazing, global warm-ing, improper soil cultivation, and increased pressure ot population growth, and it causes degradation of soil and natural and agricultural vegetation. The direct result is less food for people and livestock, which influences pop- ulation and animal husbandry fluctuations. Despite ef- forts to combat and reduce desertification, the affected areas are annually increasing.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The Rice Economy of Asia . Randolph Barker and Robert W. Herdt with Beth Rose. Using Microcomputers: A Guidebook for Writers, Teachers, and Researchers in the Social Sciences . Blaine A. Erie—the Lake that Survived . Noel M. Burns. Geology and Society . Donald R. Coates. Caves and Karst of Kentucky . Percy H. Dougherty, ed. Altered Harvest: Agriculture, Genetics, and the Fate of the World's Food Supply . Jack Doyle. The Middle East and North Africa, A Political Geography . Alasdair Drysdale and Gerald H. Blake. Clamor at the Gates. The New American Immigration . Nathan Glazer, ed. Development and the Landowner: An analysis of the British experience . Robin Goodchild and Richard Munton. Discovering Landscape in England and Wales . Andrew Goudie and Rita Gardner. The Modern Plantation in the Third World . Edgar Graham and Ingrid Floering. Social Relations and Spatial Structures . Derek Gregory and John Urry, eds. The World Food Problem 1950–1980 . David Grigg. Costa Rica: A Geographical Interpretation in Historical Perspective . Carolyn Hall. The Urbanization of Capital: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey Consciousness and the Urban Experience: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey. Reviving Main Street . Deryck Holdsworth, ed. Rural Roads and Poverty Alleviation . John Howe and Peter Richards, eds. Uneven Development in Southern Europe: Studies of Accumulation, Class, Migration and the State . Ray Hudson and Jim Lewis, eds. Karst Geomorphology . J. N. Jennings. The Geomorphology of North-west England . R. H. Johnson, ed. Climate Impact Assessment: Studies of the Interaction of Climate and Society . Robert Kates, Jesse Ausubel, Mimi Berberian, eds. Public Service Provision and Urban Development . Andrew Kirby, Paul Knox, and Steven Pinch, ed. State and Market: The Politics of the Public and the Private . Jan-Erik Lane, ed. Living Cities . Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on Urban Preservation Policies. World Climatic Systems . John G. Lockwood. Urban Ethnicity in the United States. New Immigrants and Old Minorities . Lionel Maldonaldo and Joan Moore, eds. Culture and Conservation: The Human Dimension in Environmental Planning . Jeffrey A. McNeely and David Pitt, eds. The Andean Past. Land, Societies, and Conflicts . Magnus Mörner. Gaia: An Atlas of Planet Management . Norman Myers, ed. Progress in Industrial Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Political Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Rivers and Landscape . Geoff Petts and Ian Foster. Urbanization and Planning in the 3rd World: Spatial Perceptions and Public Participation . Robert B. Potter. One Island, Two Nations? A Political Geographical Analysis of the National Conflict in Ireland . D. G. Pringle. Circulation in Third World Countries . R. Mansell Prothero and Murray Chapman. The Ozarks Outdoors: A Guide for Fishermen, Hunters, and Tourists . Milton D. Rafferty. Suburban Burglary: A Time and a Place for Everything . George Rengert and John Wasilchick. Geomorphology and Soils . K.S. Richards, R.R. Arnett, and S. Ellis, eds. The Homes and Homeless of Post-War Britain . Frederick Shaw. Indochinese Refugees in America . Paul J. Strand and Woodrow Jones, Jr. Wild Horses and Sacred Cows . Richard Symanski. Forever Wild: Environmental Aesthetics and the Adirondack Forest Preserve . Philip G. Terrie. The Regional Economic Impact of Technological Change . A.T. Thwaites and R.P. Oakey, eds. The Good Life . Yi-Fu Tuan.     

REVIEWS OF GEOGRAPHIC SOFTWARE

Reviews of geographic software in this article: DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS. ESP GAUSS. CEMODEL S. Damus LIMDEP. William H. Greene MICROSTAT 4.1 OTIS PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System) . H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein. REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS) SPSS/PC+ URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

Guidelines to Authors

1. Aims and scope
Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions （SCAR） is a bimonthly journal that publishes in English the latest research achievements in processes and the pattems of the Earth surface system in cold and arid regions. Researches in cold regions emphasize particularly on the cold-region-characterized physical,