红层填料蠕变特性及工程应用研究

为了保持轨道的平顺性和稳定性,高速铁路要求路堤的工后沉降为0。红层属于C类填料,易崩解、软化,依据单轴压缩蠕变（粒径小于2 mm和压实度为95 %）试验结果,对红层填料的蠕变特性进行了分析,同时基于工程应用的目的,根据蠕变曲线对路堤的工后沉降进行了预测,论证了采用红层作为填料在一定的施工工艺下能满足路堤工后0沉降的要求。     

格宾网加筋红层软岩土石混填路堤力学行为的现场测试与数值模拟

为掌握格宾网加筋红层软岩土石混填路堤的力学行为,通过加筋路堤现场测试研究路堤土压力、路堤内部潜在破裂面、格宾网筋材和石笼墙面变形等力学行为,并结合FLAC~(3D)数值模拟,分析格宾网加筋间距、加筋长度、地基土的压缩模量、强度指标及路堤填料压实度变化对其力学性状的影响。现场测试表明:格宾网拉应变沿路堤横断面非均匀分布,路堤内部潜在破裂面近似"改进双线段简化破裂面";石笼面墙在墙背平面内类似梁弯曲变形,在墙背平面外以向外鼓胀变形为主;墙后同一标高处填土竖直土压力呈非均匀分布;墙背实测水平土压力与墙高呈非线性关系,路堤填筑高度大于7.5 m时,墙背水平土压力接近朗肯主动土压力值。数值模拟表明:加筋间距及长度变化对路堤侧移的影响明显大于对沉降的影响,格宾网竖向加筋间距宜为0.5~1.0 m,水平加筋长度宜为0.7H~1.0H;地基土压缩模量改变对路堤沉降有较大影响,为控制路堤不均匀沉降,地基土压缩模量宜大于5 MPa;为控制墙面侧移增长速度,地基土黏聚力不小于15 kPa;红层软岩土石混填路堤填料压实度宜控制在93%以上。     

不同压实度下红层泥岩路堤沉降研究

压实系数是控制路堤填筑的关键性指标。本文通过分析不同压实系数下的强度特点以及通过离心试验和有限元对不同压实系数路堤沉降的模拟,得到粘聚力c值和摩擦角与不同压实系数的关系以及不同压实系数下路堤沉降的特点,为路堤填筑提供了重要的依据。     

高液限土路堤填筑的双指标控制方法研究

对于高液限土（包括改良的高液限土）填筑的路堤只用单一的压实度指标控制常常易导致质量隐患。通过试验研究提出一个采用空气率Va和压实度Dc双指标控制高液限土路堤填筑质量的方法,并给出了具体的控制标准。当压实度控制指标Dc≥93%时,高液限黏土和粉土空气率控制标准为4%≤Va≤8%,含砂高液限黏土和粉土空气率控制标准为6%≤Va≤13%。通过系统的试验研究,验证了双指标质量控制的可行性和有效性。研究结果表明,采用空气率和压实度双指标控制,不仅可以保证高液限土填筑路堤的强度和刚度,而且具有较好的水稳定性,为进一步充分利用高液限土作为路堤填料提供了技术支持。     

砂砾石大坝填筑碾压的相关试验与研究

针对南疆砂砾石填筑大坝进行碾压试验,验证坝体填筑设计压实标准的合理性、检验22 t自行式振动碾的适用性及其性能的可靠性。本试验主要采用室内相对密度试验、现场的碾压测定出碾压遍数、碾压沉降及相应密实度及其他试验参数,通过试验参数列表、试验参数包络线图与设计标准值的比较,得出最佳砂砾石填筑方案,同时也确定大坝填筑时的施工碾压控制参数,从而确保了工程质量。     

砂砾卵石土高速公路路基填筑试验研究

为研究砂砾卵石土混合料作为路基填料压实后的压实效果,通过室内筛分试验、重型击实试验、CBR试验得到砂砾卵石土的颗粒级配组成,最大干密度、最佳含水率与粗颗粒含量的关系,CBR值与粗颗粒含量、击实次数的关系。试验结果表明,最大干密度随着粗颗粒含量的增加先增大后减小,CBR值随着粗颗粒含量的增加而增大。进一步分析砂砾卵石土作为路基填筑材料的压实机制,通过现场碾压试验,确定砂砾卵石土路基填筑施工工艺,利用压实度、CBR、弯沉、回弹模量等现场检测手段和现场沉降观测数据检验压实效果,通过比较分析各种检测方法的可靠性,提出适合砂砾卵石土压实质量的检测方法,运用统计学方法得到沉降差检测标准值,确定采用碾压遍数与沉降差双重控制保证压实质量,得到一些有益的结论。     

基于流变和固结理论的非饱和红层路堤沉降机制研究

路堤本体的沉降问题一直是公路和铁路路基研究解决的主要问题。路堤本体主要是非饱和土,其变形由3 部分组成,即瞬时压密产生的变形、主固结产生的变形和次固结产生的变形,但主固结和次固结并不是两个完全独立的过程,它们是相互影响的,即路堤本体的变形是非饱和固结-蠕变耦合的结果。以单轴压缩红层蠕变试验为基础,提出了非饱和单变量理论、路堤沉降计算理论;同时采用离心试验和数值模拟方法,对各种压实系数的路堤本体的沉降与填筑高度关系以及工后沉降与时间的关系进行了研究,并对工后最终沉降进行了预测,结果表明,模拟结果与离心试验数据预测的结果相符,说明该理论是正确的?     

浅谈苏丹碾压式土石坝质量控制方法

土石坝压实质量控制是土石坝施工中的重点问题。从土的压实机理出发,选取正确的压实标准,通过击实、碾压试验,确定压实度和最大干密度及碾压参数,经对现场压实质量实时检测,依据施工质量评价标准,控制压实质量。以苏丹El Marwa碾压土石坝填筑施工为例,对土石坝压实质量控制中的步骤和存在的问题进行分析。正确地应用压实标准,合理操作试验规程,分析试验结果,确保工程质量。     

坝体心墙与垫层混凝土结合处黏土碾压和防渗现场试验

对糯扎渡水电站心墙与垫层混凝土结合部位的高塑性黏土进行现场碾压与防渗试验,采用沉降量、灌水法、环刀法等多种方法对黏土质量进行检测对比,探讨高塑性黏土的压实机制以及颗粒级配、铺土厚度、碾压遍数等不同施工工艺参数及不同参数的组合对压实与防渗效果的影响,提出结合施工工艺参数,黏土现场压实质量控制应以沉降差或沉降率为主、渗透性可以采用压实度来进行控制,该方法可有效地保证填筑质量,加快施工进度,并可对有压实机防渗要求的类似工程的质量控制、检测和评价提供参考,具有重要的实用价值。     

非饱和红层路堤沉降理论与应用研究

路堤本体主要是非饱和土,其变形由3部分组成,即瞬时压密产生的变形、主固结产生的变形和次固结产生的变形,因此其理论也应反映这3部分变形。以单轴压缩红层蠕变试验为基础,提出基于非饱和土单变量理论的红层非饱和土路堤沉降计算理论;通过算例对遂渝客运专线遂宁段某工点实际填筑过程的进行了数值模拟,并对其工后沉降进行了预则,结果表明,模拟结果与现场监测数据预测的结果相符,说明该理论是正确的?     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861