“5·12”汶川地震房屋建筑震害分析与对策研究报告——“5·12”汶川地震房屋震害研究专家组

2008年5月12日14时28分,四川省汶川县境内发生了里氏8．0级特大地震,地震造成重大人员伤亡和经济损失。地震发生后,在国家建设部等有关部委支持下,在四川省委、省政府的统一部署下,四川省建设系统和地震系统等迅速组织相关专家和工程技术人员前后共计2500余人次,持续时间达2个多月,深人灾区开展地震震害调查、房屋安全应急评估、专项房屋结构技术鉴定和技术人员培训等工作,掌握了较丰富的房屋震害第一手调查评估资料。     

“5·12”汶川地震房屋建筑震害分析与对策研究报告——“5·12”汶川地震房屋震害研究专家组

2008年5月12日14时28分,四川省汶川县境内发生了里氏8．0级特大地震,地震造成重大人员伤亡和经济损失。地震发生后,在国家建设部等有关部委支持下,在四川省委、省政府的统一部署下,四川省建设系统和地震系统等迅速组织相关专家和工程技术人员前后共计2500余人次,持续时间达2个多月,深人灾区开展地震震害调查、房屋安全应急评估、专项房屋结构技术鉴定和技术人员培训等工作,掌握了较丰富的房屋震害第一手调查评估资料。     

基于无人机影像的漾濞地震房屋震害定量评估

2021年5月21日,云南漾濞县发生MS6.4地震,震源深度8 km.文中将无人机遥感技术引入云南漾濞县6.4级地震房屋震害评估工作中,结合无人机影像数据和现场地面调查数据,建立房屋震害遥感解译标志,提取漾濞县城部分区域的房屋震害信息,进行遥感定量评估.通过与房屋震害现场调查统计结果的对比分析,房屋震害遥感定量评估结果...     

2021年9月16日四川泸县6.0级地震震害特征分析

2021年9月16日04时33分四川省泸州市泸县发生6.0级地震,震源深度10 km,此次地震共造成3人死亡,159人受伤。地震现场工作队采用抽样调查、单项调查和现场核实等方法对震中区房屋及其他工程进行了实地勘察,获取了本次地震的烈度分布及房屋震害情况,并对房屋震害特征进行了总结梳理。在此基础上,从房屋抗震设防、地震科普宣传、应急保障和地震风险防范意识等方面对震区防震减灾工作提出建议,为震区后续恢复重建和当地抗震设防能力提升提供参考依据。     

关于提高中小学砌体建筑抗震能力的讨论

利用汶川8.0级地震特大发生后作者在极重灾区——四川省广元市青川县参加首批房屋应急评估工作期间收集的房屋震害资料,分析了砌体结构的震害特点和震害原因,对提高中小学砌体建筑抗震能力进行研究,从概念设计与计算分析两个方面对现行抗震设计规范的若干条文进行了讨论,提出了验算砌体结构抗倒塌能力的建议。     

2019年贵州沿河MS4.9级地震烈度调查与震害特征

2019年10月2日,贵州省铜仁市沿河县发生4.9级地震,地震发生后,贵州省地震局及时派出现场工作队赶赴现场,在沿河开展地震加密监测、烈度与灾害损失调查、地质构造调查等现场处置工作,地震的最高烈度为Ⅵ度,震害特征主要表现为房屋震害.     

山西临猗—永济1998年5.0级地震灾害损失评估

１９９８年７月１１日在山西省临猗县－永济市发生ＭＬ５．０地震,通过野外调查,对这次地震灾害损失进行评估。初步认为,这次地震受灾面积达５９９ｋｍ６２,经济损失达１５４４万元。在震害评估的基础上,分析了震害的原因,指出,房屋质量差及１９９８年降雨量大是造成这次地震震害较重的原因。     

云南漾濞6.4级地震木构架房屋震害调查与分析

地震灾害现场调查是研究结构破坏机理的科学可靠的方法之一。本文通过对云南漾濞6.4级地震中木构架房屋震害现象调查与分析,结合芦山地震中穿斗木结构的震害特征对比研究,给出了木构架房屋的抗震能力介于穿斗木结构与土木结构之间的初步结论,同时指出建造时间是木构架房屋抗震能力评估时需考虑的重要影响因素。针对漾濞县苍山西镇花椒园村背阴坡小组某夯土墙-木构架房屋倒塌的原因进行了分析,得出该房屋存在结构层间刚度不均匀、榫槽处柱截面削弱以及榫卯节点整体性差等抗震薄弱环节,导致在强地面运动的作用下发生了柱榫槽处折断和部分榫头脱落的整体倒塌震害现象。本文基于对倒塌木构架房屋的震害机理研究和抗震薄弱环节识别,可为木结构房屋抗震加固和震后修复提供参考依据。     

2011年1月安徽安庆4.8级地震烈度与房屋震害

2011年1月19日安徽省安庆市Ms4.8级地震发生后,笔者在第一时间深入地震灾区,开展了地震烈度调查和地震灾害评估工作.本文基于现场调查结果,对此次地震的构造背景、烈度分布及房屋典型震害进行了分析,并对经验教训进行了初步总结.     

中国西部典型房屋结构震害定量关系的初步研究

建筑物震害程度的判定是进行地震灾害损失评估的基础, 震害指数是建筑物震害程度的定量表示方式, 是房屋抗震性能的直观表现。 震害指数的研究对于震害预测和地震灾害损失评估都有重要的意义。 文中收集、 分析并处理了2001—2004年中国地震灾害损失现场调查与评估的详细资料, 以调查点为单位计算了各种结构类型房屋的平均震害指数, 建立了中国西部地区不同结构类型房屋的平均震害指数向未经加固的砖混和砖木结构房屋的平均震害指数转换的数学关系, 其结果对地震灾害及其损失的快速评估与现场评估具有一定的参考作用。     

Contribution to the knowledge of the magmatic evolution by the study of the variation of the coefficient of viscosity

The determination of the coefficient of viscosity of eruptive products gives useful elements to the knowledge of possible variations of composition and physical conditions of the magmas.     

Pictorial Series of the Manifestations of the Dynamics of the Earth

Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica -     

Magnetic stratigraphy of the Ordovician in the lower reach of the Kotuy River: the age of the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum and the rate of geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the superchron

Until recently, the existing data prevented the geophysicists from accurately dating the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, which outcrops in the middle reach of the Kotuy River, constraining the time of its formation to a wide interval from the end of the Late Cambrian to the beginning of the Silurian. The obtained paleomagnetic data unambiguously correlate the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum to the Nyaian regional stage and constrain its formation, at least a considerable part of it, by the Tremadocian. This result perfectly agrees with the data on the Bysy-Yuryakh conodonts studied in this work and yields a spectacular example of the successful application of paleomagnetic studies in solving important tasks of stratigraphy and, correspondingly, petroleum geology. Within the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, we revealed a large normal-polarity interval corresponding to the long (>1 Ma) period when the geomagnetic reversals were absent. This result, in combination with the data for the Tremadocian and Middle–Upper Cambrian sequences of the other regions, indicates that (1) the rate of occurrence of the geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the Ordovician Moyero superchron of reversed polarity was at most one reversal per Ma; (2) the superchron does not switch on instantaneously but is preceded by a certain gradual change in the operation conditions of the dynamo mechanism which, inter alia, manifests itself by the reduction of the frequency of geomagnetic reversals with the approach of the superchron. This finding supports the views according to which a process preparing the establishment of the superchrons takes place at the core–mantle boundary.     

Evolution of the Source of the Active Region of the Sun

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The magnetic evolution of the active region of the Sun at the level of the photosphere has been studied. Magnetic synoptic maps of the 2007 Kitt Peak Observatory were...     

On the solution of the reverse problem of geodesics with the help of the chord

Резюме Дается вывод формул для вычислений длины хорды, длины и азимутов нормаляных сечений и длины геодезической линии эллипсоида. Применяются тригонометрические функции данных величин и постоянные принятого ргфгргнц-эллипсоида, что является целесообразным при использовании вычислителQjных машин, особенно автоматов. Рабочие формулы рекомендуются в форме (8–11).

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Dedicated to Professor František Fiala on His 85th Birthday

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Address: Veveři 95, Brno.     

On the gravimetric undulations of the geoid and the deflections of the vertical

Summary The author mentions the aims of the World-wide gravity project he established in the Ohio State University in Columbus, in 1950. He outlines the practical procedure of the gravimetric computations of the undulationsN and the vertical deflection components and and emphasizes that only by the global international cooperation and additional gravity observations at sea carried out during the last decade it has been possible to gather to Columbus the needed gravity material. Since there exist still large gravimetrically unsurveyed areas it is of vital significance to study what gravity anomalies are best to be used for these regions. The given figures concerning the accuracy of theN, and , estimated theoretically and obtained in practice, indicate that in the gravimetrically well surveyed parts of the world like in Europe and the United States we can get gravimetrically on basis of existing gravity material theN-values with accuracy of about 5–10 meters, and and with the accuracy of about 1. The geoid undulationsN are already computed in Columbus for more than 6000 points of the northern hemisphere. The sample maps show the interesting geoid of Europe and vicinity between the latitudes 60° and 30° and longitude 5° W and 30° E, drafted on basis of more than 1000N-values computed at the corners of 1°×1° squares. It is interesting to realize that the geoid undulations in all this area are positive, the extreme values being between 40 and 50 meters. The geophysical significance of the geoid maps of this kind is pointed out.     

The effect of the pollution of the ground layer of the atmosphere on the albedo

Summary A simple model is proposed suitable for studying the effect of the ground layer of the atmosphere, polluted by aerosol, on the albedo. This model is founded on solving the equation of transfer of radiative energy. The numerical results are discussed, particular attention being paid to the analysis of errors due to neglecting the multiple reflection of solar radiation on the aerosol particles. A method which would also include the multiple reflection is proposed, and the conditions under which the presence of the aerosol is responsible for an increase or decrease of the solar radiation balance on the Earth's surface, are analysed.     

On the maintenance of the axisymmetric part of the flow in the atmosphere

Summary The maintenance of the axisymmetric component of the flow in the atmosphere is investigated by means of a steady-state, quasi-geostrophic formulation of the meteorological equations. It is shown that the meridional variations in the time-averaged axisymmetric variables can be expressed as the sum of three contributions, one being due to the eddy heat transport, another to the eddy momentum transport, and a third to the convective-radiative equilibrium temperature which enters the problem through the specification of a Newtonian form of diabatic heating. The contributions by the large scale eddies are evaluated through the use of observed values for the eddy heat and momentum transports.The contributions from each of the three forcing mechanisms to the temperature and zonal wind fields are invstigated individually and found to be of about equal importance. The sum of the three contributions are also presented for the temperature, the zonal wind, the stream function associated with the mean meridional circulation and the corresponding vertical motion. Although the results fail to reproduce the main observed features of the lower stratosphere, they are found to be in good agreement with observations in the middle latitude troposphere. At any pressure level, for example, the computed mean zonal wind has a jet-like profile and the axis of the jet is found to slope to the south with height, as observed in the atmosphere.Based in part on a thesis submitted by the first author as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree at the University of Michigan. — Publication No. 194 from the Department of Meteorology and Oceanography, The University of Michigan.     

On the determination of the non-linearity of the gravimeter scale

Summary The results of two different methods of the determination of the non-linearity of the gravimeter scale are compared; the economy is discussed as well.