中亚成矿域锂矿床成矿规律及成矿模式SCIEI北大核心CSCD

中亚成矿域发育一系列锂矿床,这些矿床主要分布在西伯利亚克拉通南部的造山带中,矿床的形成具有多期性,包括前寒武纪(1.85~1.83Ga)、晚寒武世-早奥陶世(494~483Ma)、早二叠世(294~272Ma)、晚三叠世-早白垩世(220~180Ma)和早白垩世(139~121Ma)等5个成矿期,矿床类型主要为伟晶岩型和花岗岩型。基于成矿构造背景和锂成矿特征的研究,以重要构造线为界,将成矿域划分为2个成矿省和7个成矿带:(1)阿尔泰-东萨彦成矿省,位于成矿域的西部,包括阿尔泰、桑吉伦高地和东萨彦等3个成矿带,主要发育伟晶岩型锂矿床,成矿作用集中在上述前4个成矿期,矿床形成与西伯利亚克拉通和古亚洲洋2个构造体系有关。(2)蒙古-鄂霍茨克成矿省,位于成矿域的东部,包括东外贝加尔成矿带以及Gobi Ugtaal-Baruun Urt和大兴安岭等2个锂远景成矿带,主要发育早白垩世花岗岩型锂矿床,矿床形成主要与蒙古-鄂霍次克构造体系有关。此外,在中国东天山发育少量晚三叠世伟晶岩型锂矿床,构成东天山锂远景成矿带,矿床形成与哈萨克斯坦-准噶尔板块和塔里木板块碰撞有关。中亚成矿域稀有金属花岗岩和大多数稀有金属伟晶岩为花岗质岩浆高分异结晶的产物,其结晶分异的驱动机制主要是热驱动。富含稀有金属的花岗岩和伟晶岩岩浆的形成温度偏低(~650℃),压力变化较大(500~170MPa);锂富集机理为岩浆结晶分异作用和流体不混溶作用。本次研究分别提出了阿尔泰伟晶岩型锂矿床的成矿模式“地壳熔融→深部花岗岩岩基→浅部稀有金属花岗岩岩枝-伟晶岩岩脉”和东外贝加尔花岗岩型锂矿床的成矿模式“地壳熔融→深部花岗岩岩基→浅部花岗岩-稀有金属花岗岩岩株”。     

幕阜山东部麦埚铍矿床伟晶岩锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素组成及其地质意义

幕阜山是中国重要的稀有金属矿集区,区域内多期次岩浆活动形成的复式花岗岩基与稀有金属成矿关系密切.目前,区域内黑云母花岗岩阶段和二云母花岗岩阶段的稀有金属成矿作用已有报道,而岩浆演化晚期白云母花岗岩阶段的相关成矿作用缺乏研究.文章选取了幕阜山东部麦埚铍矿床内由白云母花岗岩分异形成的含绿柱石伟晶岩作为研究对象,对其进行了 LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年和Hf同位素组成测试.结果显示,伟晶岩中锆石U-Pb年龄为(124.9±0.34)Ma,表明麦埚地区以铍为主的稀有金属成矿作用发生在早白垩世,同时也代表了幕阜山地区与白云母花岗岩相关的稀有金属成矿作用.此外,麦埚含绿柱石伟晶岩的εHf(t)值为-7.6～-5.2,二阶段模式年龄为1668～1512 Ma,与复式岩体中各阶段花岗质侵入体的εHf(t)和二阶段模式年龄值大致吻合,显示出它们相似的源区特征.综合区域内已有的年代学数据,与稀有金属成矿相关的岩浆活动主要分布在早白垩世,大致可分为3个阶段:黑云母花岗岩阶段(145 Ma)以Be矿化为主,矿化强度较低;二云母花岗岩阶段(140～138 Ma)为区域稀有金属成矿的主阶段,矿化种类包括Be-Nb-Ta-Li-Cs,矿化强度高;白云母花岗岩(125～122 Ma)阶段以Be-Nb-Ta矿化为主,矿化强度不高.幕阜山岩体是典型的"体中体"模式复式岩基,白云母花岗岩作为晚期分异程度最高的侵入体,却未发生大规模成矿作用,其原因在于受到了岩浆活动规模、岩浆冷却速率和容矿空间等多重因素的制约.     

Migration-circulation processes and enrichment-mineralization mechanism of lithium-beryllium elements in the continental crust.SCIEI北大核心CSCD

锂铍金属是世界关键金属资源,矿床类型多样,成矿作用发生在大陆地壳。但大陆地壳中锂铍元素的迁移-循环规律及不同锂铍矿床间的成因联系尚不清楚。本文系统地总结与梳理了大陆地壳结构与物质循环特征和不同类型锂铍金属矿床间的成因联系,提出大陆地壳锂铍循环-成矿系统的概念与模型,并将大陆地壳锂铍的迁移与循环划分为四个过程:变质过程、深熔过程、花岗岩浆过程、花岗质岩浆岩风化、淋滤与蚀变的浅-表生过程。沉积岩中锂铍元素在变质过程中可富集到一些变质矿物中,一些富锂铍黏土矿物也在变质过程转变成新的富锂铍变质矿物(如绿泥石、云母与堇青石);地壳深熔过程使得锂铍元素从变质矿物中释放出来并聚集在花岗岩浆中,麻粒岩相深熔(如黑云母脱水熔融与堇青石分解熔融)可能是锂铍大规模成矿的主要熔融方式;绝大多数锂铍矿床与花岗岩浆及其岩浆岩有关,是花岗岩浆与花岗质岩浆岩在不同演化阶段与不同方式富集成矿的结果;浅-表生过程对锂铍花岗岩-伟晶岩和流纹岩与流纹质凝灰岩的物理化学改造,可形成盐湖卤水型锂矿床、黏土型锂矿床以及各种次生锂铍矿床。变质过程中锂铍的迁移与富集机制,大型-超大型花岗岩-伟晶岩型锂铍矿床形成条件与关键控制因素等问题,是亟待研究与思考的科学问题。     

喜马拉雅稀有金属成矿作用研究的新突破

喜马拉雅地区淡色花岗岩广泛分布，但相关的稀有金属成矿问题长期被学术界忽略，因为传统观点认为，这些花岗岩是高喜马拉雅变质岩系原地部分熔融而成。但自提出该地区淡色花岗岩高度结晶分异成因模式后，与这些花岗岩演化相关的稀有金属成矿问题引起各方重视，并在铍和铌钽的矿化研究方面取得显著进展。尽管如此，锂的成矿作用研究和资源寻找并没有取得大的突破。本期《岩石学报》报道的喜马拉雅中部琼嘉岗和热曲锂辉石伟晶岩及珠峰前进沟锂电气石-锂云母伟晶岩的发现，充分说明喜马拉雅地区锂资源前景广阔，表明喜马拉雅有望在近期内成为我国稀有金属资源的大型接替基地。根据目前的进展，喜马拉雅地区未来稀有金属成矿作用应加强如下方面的研究：1）加大区内淡色花岗岩岩石学与岩石成因研究力度，厘定它们岩浆结晶分异的程度与成矿潜力；2）对北喜马拉雅穹窿和岩体开展接触变质与围岩蚀变研究，以寻找热液交代型稀有金属矿床；3）加强高喜马拉雅地区藏南拆离系与花岗岩侵位关系的研究，以判断分异岩浆及成矿伟晶岩的赋存部位。近期应集中力量围绕普士拉一带的藏南拆离系、韧性变形的肉切村群地层和淡色花岗岩-伟晶岩等开展联合攻关研究，以期在锂资源上取得更大的突破。     

川西扎乌龙地区卡吉亚二云母花岗岩、稀有金属伟晶岩的地球化学、年代学特征及二者的成矿关系

锂- 铍等稀有金属是中国乃至世界上重要的战略性关键金属矿产,美国、澳大利亚和日本等国早已将其列为禁止出口矿产名录,其战略地位非同一般。中国锂- 铍矿产资源丰富,成矿背景优越,但地表第四纪覆盖严重,且分布不均。近年甜水海- 松潘- 甘孜造山带花岗伟晶岩型锂矿资源逐步被勘探发现,引起国内外学者广泛关注。川西石渠县扎乌龙锂矿作为该造山带中部重要的花岗伟晶岩型锂矿点,厘清该矿床锂资源聚集主控因素及其稀有金属富集规律将为甜水海- 松潘- 甘孜造山带下一步战略找矿行动提供指导和重要决策依据。本文对扎乌龙地区锂辉石钠长石伟晶岩脉、白云母钠长伟晶岩脉、电气石钠长石伟晶岩脉、卡吉亚二云母花岗岩体以及岩体边部的含电气石细晶岩、十字石黑云母片岩等进行系统采样分析,利用LA- ICP- MS独居石U- Th- Pb同位素定年技术,确定扎乌龙卡吉亚二云母花岗岩形成于晚三叠世213~211 Ma,含电气石细晶岩约形成于210 Ma,白云母钠长石伟晶岩约形成于210~200 Ma,富锂伟晶岩可能在205 Ma集中产出。结合前人年代学资料,综合分析认为扎乌龙矿区由二云母花岗岩、电气石细晶岩到白云母钠长石伟晶岩和锂辉石钠长石伟晶岩形成时代逐步年轻。     

川西扎乌龙-青海草陇花岗伟晶岩型稀有金属矿床磷灰石地球化学特征及地质意义

扎乌龙-草陇锂矿床位于松潘-甘孜造山带中西部,为典型的花岗伟晶岩型稀有金属矿床.前人基于矿区花岗岩和伟晶岩紧密的时空及成因关系,认为伟晶岩与白云母花岗岩同源且成矿与花岗质岩浆的分异相关.然而,岩浆分异演化过程中熔体的信息记录及其何种地质过程对成矿起主导作用,仍缺乏有效制约.本文对矿区花岗质岩浆来源及其演化过程开展了研究...     

湖南仁里稀有金属矿田地质特征、成矿时代 及其找矿意义

仁里稀有金属矿田位于幕阜山岩体西南缘,是华南地区重要的稀有金属矿产地之一。文章旨在通过对区域成矿条件、矿田地质特征、地球化学特征、成岩成矿时代与稀有金属成矿作用的综合分析,为矿田勘查设计乃至华南地区稀有金属找矿与研究提供理论依据。在矿田范围内对燕山期、武陵期花岗岩及每个矿区代表性伟晶岩进行了系统采样,开展了岩石化学成分分析,同时对矿田内二云母二长花岗岩及锂辉石伟晶岩分别进行了锆石U-Pb、白云母Ar-Ar同位素定年。研究表明:①多期造山与燕山期陆内活化是成矿的有利地质背景,多阶段伸展作用导致幕阜山地区多期大规模的多金属成矿作用发生;②矿田构造主要以NE(或NNE)向构造为主,复合改造NW向及近EW向构造,NE(或NNE)向和NW(或近EW)向构造呈现立交桥式的构造格局,控制了花岗岩和伟晶岩分布;③矿田内伟晶岩属极高分异、富硅、过铝质花岗质岩石,燕山期花岗岩属陆壳改造"S型"花岗岩;④幕阜山岩体由岩体内接触带往岩体外接触带(10 km),由黑云母伟晶岩→二云母伟晶岩→白云母伟晶岩→锂云母伟晶岩→锂辉石白云母伟晶岩过渡,形成了较完整的稀有金属演化序列:无矿化→Be→Be+Nb+Ta→Be+Nb+Ta+Li→Be+Nb+Ta+Li+Cs;⑤稀有金属成矿与构造岩浆时空演化、构造组合、特别是岩浆的分异程度密切相关,矿田内燕山期花岗岩年龄139.3～146.2 Ma,稀有金属成矿年龄为130.5～130.8 Ma。     

湖南金鸡岭花岗岩和伟晶岩中黑云母矿物化学及其对成岩成矿的启示

湖南晚侏罗世金鸡岭花岗岩体是南岭地区典型W—Sn成矿岩体之一,内部发育黑云母花岗质伟晶岩团块和文象花岗质条带状伟晶岩脉。金鸡岭花岗岩和黑云花岗伟晶岩中的黑云母具有相似的地球化学特征,均表现出高的FeO、TiO2、Al2O3含量和低的MgO、CaO、Na2O、MnO含量,以及富集成矿元素Nb、Ta、W、Sn,亏损Sr、Ce、Eu等微量元素特征,从花岗岩体到黑云花岗伟晶岩,岩浆的形成温度和氧逸度降低,云母中Al2O3、Li2O*含量升高,TiO2、MgO含量降低,黑云母由铁叶云母演变为黑鳞云母。结合前人资料,金鸡岭花岗岩与黑云花岗伟晶岩均源于元古宙地壳的深熔作用,伟晶岩为花岗岩浆在晚期分异演化的产物,形成于岩浆—热液转化阶段。伟晶岩阶段是稀有金属元素显著富集,乃至进一步成矿的重要阶段。     

喜马拉雅东段库曲岩体锂、铍和铌钽稀有金属矿物研究及指示意义

稀有金属矿物记录了花岗伟晶岩成岩成矿的重要信息。喜马拉雅是全球著名的淡色花岗岩带,库曲岩体位于喜马拉雅东段的特提斯喜马拉雅岩系中。本文调查了库曲岩体的二云母花岗岩、白云母花岗岩、电气石花岗岩和花岗伟晶岩,其中,花岗伟晶岩涉及花岗岩的伟晶岩相和独立伟晶岩脉。库曲岩体产出的稀有金属矿物包括锂辉石、锂绿泥石、绿柱石、铌铁矿-钽铁矿、钇铀钽烧绿石和细晶石,它们主要赋存于似文象伟晶岩、石英-钠长石-白云母伟晶岩、块体长石-钠质细晶岩、块体长石-电气石钠质细晶岩、锂辉石-块体长石-细晶岩、白云母花岗岩的伟晶岩相以及电气石花岗岩内。显微镜观察、电子探针和LA-ICP-MS测试结果显示锂辉石具有四种产状,包括粗粒锂辉石自形-半自形晶、细粒锂辉石-石英镶嵌晶、中细粒锂辉石-钾长石-钠长石-云母镶嵌晶以及发育锂绿泥石的粗粒锂辉石,揭示了其形成时复杂的熔流体动荡结晶环境。绿柱石背散射电子图像（BSE）下呈均一结构和不均一结构（蚀变边、不规则分带和补丁分带）,元素替代机制包括通道-八面体替代、通道-四面体替代以及通道中碱金属阳离子间的置换。铌铁矿族矿物包括原生、蚀变边和不规则分带结构,部分被钇铀钽烧绿石和细晶石交代。与原生铌铁矿相比,蚀变边和不规则分带铌铁矿族矿物总体上富钽贫锰,显示了结晶分异、过冷却引起的过饱和以及流体作用。根据稀有金属矿物揭示的成因信息,独立伟晶岩脉（似文象伟晶岩）、白云母花岗岩的伟晶岩相和电气石花岗岩在岩浆分异程度、经历的演化过程、以及流体活动方面存在差异,很可能是不同期次岩浆活动的产物。库曲岩体绿柱石的Rb和Zn含量、以及铌铁矿族矿物的Sc₂O₃、SiO₂和PbO含量,与已有指示标志存在相关性,作为潜在指示标志仍需开展更多的研究工作。综合含锂辉石伟晶岩的产出、岩浆分异演化程度、多期花岗质岩浆活动、复杂的流体作用以及所属锂丰度高值区等因素,库曲岩体是喜马拉雅东段找锂的有利地段。     

珠峰地区锂成矿作用:喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩带首个锂电气石-锂云母型伟晶岩

喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩具有较好的稀有金属成矿前景。珠穆朗玛峰位于该淡色花岗岩带的中部,其中大量的淡色花岗岩和伟晶岩出露,并成为珠穆朗玛重要的岩石组成部分。近期,我们在珠峰前进沟地区发现并采集了锂成矿伟晶岩,在手标本上可以清晰看到浅褐红色的铁锂云母。进一步的全岩地球化学以及矿物学研究表明,前进沟锂成矿伟晶岩为锂电气石-锂云母型伟晶岩,具有稀有金属元素（Be-Nb-Li）含量高、Rb/Sr比值高、Zr/Hf和Nb/Ta比值低等特征。所有的矿物学和地球化学特征都表明该伟晶岩经历了高度的岩浆分异作用。矿物成分上看,云母由铁锂云母演变为锂云母,电气石由黑电气石演变为锂电气石,Fe、Mg含量降低,Li含量升高,这一特征直接指示着演化过程中岩浆成分的变化。这次发现,是首次在该地区发现锂成矿作用,也是我国喜马拉雅首次报道锂电气石-锂云母型伟晶岩的存在。结合珠穆朗玛峰周围（普士拉、热曲）近期发现的锂辉石-透锂长石型伟晶岩,珠穆朗玛地区很可能成为我国重要的一个锂（Li）成矿远景区。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with