安徽铜陵新桥铜金矿床黄铁矿Rb／Sr同位素年龄数据——燕山晚期成矿作用的证据

本文采用亚样品取样和Rb/Sr同位素方法对安徽铜陵新桥铜-硫铁-金矿床层状矿体矿石矿物--黄铁矿直接进行Rb-Sr等时线法测定,获得了112.6±7.8Ma的Rb-Sr等时线年龄,它代表了主成矿期成矿作用的时代.结合已有地质资料认为燕山晚期成矿作用在新桥铜-硫铁-金矿床的形成中居重要作用.     

A Review of Research Progress in the Genesis of Colloform Pyrite and Its Environmental Indications

Colloform pyrite is a special form of nano-micro polycrystalline aggregation growth, for which a suitable term is "aggregates of nano-micro crystals". This kind of colloform texture is observed in various geological bodies, such as ancient sedimentary rocks, modern marine and lake sediments, various types of ore deposits, and modern seafloor hydrothermal vents. This paper summarizes the latest developments and research into the definition, formation mechanisms, and environmental indications of colloform pyrite. There appears to be three main formation mechanisms of colloform pyrite: pseudomorphic replacement; biogenic precipitation; and inorganic precipitation. The morphology, particle size, trace element content and preferential growth orientations of colloform pyrite microcrystals can be important indicators for sedimentary environments, hydrothermal activity, and ore-forming processes. We suggest that the microscopic features of nano-micro crystals in colloform pyrite and their aggregation growth patterns need further investigation. The relationships between formation mechanisms of colloform pyrite, organic activity and depositional environments require further exploration. To reveal the nature of nano-micro grain aggregation growth in colloform pyrite and analyse its growth environment and evolutionary history, it is supposed to apply nanoscientific and nanotechnological methods, further integrate consideration of macroscopic geological backgrounds and microscopic mineral growth phenomena, combine high-resolution imaging systems and in situ quantitative microanalysis methods and constitute a mergence of earth science, thermodynamics and kinetics, life science, material science, and chemistry in the study.     

安徽铜陵大团山铜矿床层状矽卡岩矿体中辉钼矿Re-Os年龄测定及其地质意义

安徽铜陵大团山铜矿床位于长江中下游铁铜成矿带中段,前人根据与成矿有关中酸性侵入岩的时代推测其形成于燕山期。本文运用Re-Os同位素测年方法对大团山铜矿床层状矽卡岩型矿体中的辉钼矿进行了精确年龄测定,获得等时线年龄139.1±2.7Ma,模式年龄变化在138.0~140.8Ma之间。这组年龄数据和与成矿有关中酸性侵入岩的40Ar/39Ar同位素年龄135.8~139.8Ma相吻合。作为中国东部中生代大规模成矿作用的产物,大团山铜矿床及铜陵地区铜硫(金)矿床的形成与岩石圈构造体制大转换之地球动力学事件相耦合。     

安徽铜陵矿集区冬瓜山矿床:一个叠加改造型铜矿

通过对安徽铜陵地区冬瓜山大型铜矿床详细的野外观察和室内分析对比 ,笔者认为 ,冬瓜山矿床是一个海西期同生沉积的块状硫化物被燕山期岩浆成矿作用叠加而形成的大型铜矿床。经过岩浆叠加改造 ,底部的纹层状含燧石富水高镁碳酸盐岩变为蛇纹石 (滑石 )岩 ;胶黄铁矿、黄铁矿大部分变为磁黄铁矿。这种变质过程是在一种近于封闭的等化学条件下完成的 ,类似角岩化。在有岩浆加入的条件下形成交代夕卡岩 ,这类夕卡岩明显地晚于封闭条件下形成的层状“夕卡岩”。通过岩浆的叠加改造 ,在温度场作用下产生的排金效应使金向上部温度较低的场所富集 ,使矿床中金品位由下而上显著增大 (下部 0 .15× 10 - 6 ,上部 16 .4 7× 10 - 6 ) ,岩浆叠加改造过程中 ,排金效应是金矿床形成的机制之一。同时 ,海西期沉积喷流型块状硫化物矿床与燕山期岩浆成矿作用的叠加是形成大型—超大型铜 (金 )矿床的前提条件之一。也是铜陵地区夕卡岩能形成大型铜矿床的内在原因之一。     

Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Pyrite and Arsenopyrite from the Zaozigou Gold Deposit in West Qinling Orogenic Belt,Central China: Implications for Ore Genesis

The Zaozigou gold deposit lies in the West Qinling orogenic belt, Gansu Province, China. It is one of the largest gold deposits, and the orebodies are hosted in fine‐grained slates intercalated with limestone of the Middle‐Triassic Gulangdi Formation and varied dykes. The gold orebodies are strictly controlled by the NE‐, NW‐, and SN‐trending tensional and shearing faults with high dipping angle. The mineralogy and geochemistry of pyrite and arsenopyrite are measured by electron microprobe. Pyrite has up to 0.12 wt.% Au, and arsenopyrite contains up to 0.17 wt.% Au. The antithetic correlation between S and As indicates the substitution of As for S in pyrite, and arsenic occurs in anionic As^1? state in the pyrite structure under the reduced conditions. Pyrite has relatively high Co (~364–2248 ppm) but relatively low Ni (~109–497 ppm) contents, with Co/Ni ratios ranging from ~1.63 to 10.50, indicating that the deposit originated from a volcanogenic fluid and remobilized by hydrothermal fluid. Au in arsenopyrite occurs as cationic Au in solid solution, whereas Au in pyrite is in solid solution and metal nanoparticles (Au⁰). The texture characteristics and trace element geochemistry among cores, transition zones, and rims of pyrites demonstrate that there are at least four pulses of fluid participating in the generation of pyrite in the deposit. The calculated formation temperatures of the Zaozigou deposit vary from 148°C to 304°C, with an average temperature of 213°C based on Au contents in pyrite. The Pb isotopic compositions of pyrite samples suggest that the metallogenic materials of the Zaozigou deposit were derived from the mantle and upper crust. All the characteristics above lead us to draw the conclusion that the Zaozigou gold deposit is classified as an epithermal deposit.     

Geochemistry of Pyrite from the Gangcha Gold Deposit, West Qinling Orogen, China: Implications for Ore Genesis

The Gangcha gold deposit was discovered in 2011 in the Xiahe-Hezuo region, West Qinling Orogen, China. Five types of pyrite have been identified in the ore according to the detailed mineral paragenetic studies. Geochemical data are presented for type I pyrite (py1) rim-core zonation and for the different types of pyrite based on in-situ laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). The results show that pyrites are characterized with heterogeneous Au concentrations, which indicate that Au occurs mainly as micro- or nano-particle native inclusions. Time-resolved depth profiles demonstrate that As, Co and Ni occur as solid solutions in pyrite, whereas Cu, Pb, Zn and Ag occur mainly as inclusions. Trace element concentrations differ between rims and cores in py1, and the differences also exist within different pyrite types. These differences indicate complex chemical evolution of the ore-forming fluids, and the overall geology, geochronology, and stable isotope and pyrite data suggest that the ore-forming fluids were closely linked to magmatic activity during the Triassic Period in West Qinling orogenic belt.     

赣南狮吼山硫铁多金属矿区花岗岩地球化学、年代学特征及其成因

狮吼山矿区是江西省内规模最大的矽卡岩型硫铁多金属矿床,伴生W、Cu、Au多种成矿元素,成矿作用与矿区出露的茶山迳复式花岗岩体有关。岩体主要包括茶山迳似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩和莲湖细粒二长花岗岩两期,为研究成矿岩体的侵位时代、岩石成因及与成矿的关系,本次工作进行了U-Pb锆石定年、岩相学和岩石地球化学等测试分析。结果表明：岩体具有高硅、高钾、富铝的特征,属高钾钙碱性系列花岗岩;轻重稀土元素分馏明显,均为右倾型,弱Eu负异常,以富集Cs、Rb、Th、U、Pb,亏损Ba、Nb、Sr、和Ti等元素为主要特征,属于低Ba-Sr壳源花岗岩类;锆石具较好晶形,具典型岩浆锆石特征,利用LA-ICP-MS进行U-Pb测年,获得谐和年龄为（162.4±0.6）Ma（MSWD=1.8）,加权平均年龄为（162.4±1.4）Ma（MSWD=1.4）,谐和年龄与加权平均年龄在误差范围内高度一致,表明茶山迳复式岩体侵位于燕山早期中侏罗世;综合考虑岩体矿物组合、主微量元素及高分异特征,认为其成因分类应属于S型花岗岩;对比中国花岗岩成矿元素平均含量,茶山迳两期花岗岩均具有较高的W、Mo、Bi、Pb等成矿元素含量,可同时为成矿作用提供热源、流体及物质。     

Genesis of the Zhaokalong Fe-Cu Polymetallic Deposit at Yushu, China:Evidence from Ore Geochemistry and Fluid Inclusions

The ore types of the Zhaokalong Fe-Cu deposit are divided into two categories: sulfide-type and oxide-type. The sulfide-type ore include siderite ore, galena-sphalerite ore and chalcopyrite ore, whereas the oxide-type ore include magnetite ore and hematite ore. The ore textures and structures indicate that the Zhaokalong deposit is of the sedimentary-exhalative mineralization type. Geochemical analyses show that the two ore types have a high As, Sb, Mn, Co and Ni content. The REE patterns reveal an enrichment of the LREE compared to the HREE. Isotopic analysis of siderite ore reveal that the δ13CPDB ranges from 2.01 to 3.34 (‰) whereas the δ18O SMOW ranges from 6.96 to 18.95 (‰). The fluid inclusion microthermometry results indicate that homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions in quartz range from 131 to 181℃, with salinity values of 1.06 to 8.04 wt% NaCl eq. The mineralizing fluid therefore belongs to the low temperature - low salinity system, with a mineralizing solution of a CO2-Ca2+(Na+, K+)-SO42-(F-, Cl-)-H2O system. The geochemical results and fluid inclusion data provide additional evidence that the Zhaokalong deposit is a sedex-type deposit that experienced two stages of mineralization. The sulfide mineralization probably occurred first, during the sedimentary exhalative process, as exhibited by the abundance of marine materials associated with the sulfide ores, indicating a higher temperature and relatively deoxidized oceanic depositional environment. After the main exhalative stage, hydrothermal activity was superimposed to the sulfide mineralization. The later stage oxide mineralization occurred in a low temperature and relatively oxidized environment, in which magmatic fluid circulation was dominant.     

Mineralization Styles and Genesis of the Yinkeng Au-Ag-Pb-Zn-Cu-Mn Polymetallic Orefield, Southern Jiangxi Province, SE China: Evidence from Geology, Fluid Inclusions, Isotopes and Chronology

The Yinkeng orefield in Yudu County, Jiangxi Province, SE China, is a zone of concentrated Au-Ag-Pb-Zn-Cu-Mn polymetallic ores. Based on summing up basic geology and ore geology of the orefield, the polymetallic deposits in the orefield have been divided into seven major substyles according to their occurring positions and control factors. The ore-forming fluid inclusion styles in the orefield include those of two-phase fluid, liquid CO2-bearing three-phase and daughter mineral-bearing multi-phase. The homogenization temperatures range from 382o to 122oC, falling into five clusters of 370o to 390o, 300o to 360o, 230o to 300o, 210o to 290o and 120o to 200o, and the clusters of 300o to 360o, 230o to 300o and 120o to 200o are three major mineralization stages, with fluid salinity peaks from 4.14% to 7.31%, 2.07% to 7.31% and 0.53% to 3.90%, respectively. The ore-forming fluids are mainly type of NaCl-H2O with medium to high density(0.74–1.02 g/cm3), or CO2-bearing NaCl-H2O with medium to low density(0.18–0.79 g/cm3). The fluid salinity and density both show a decline tendency with decreasing temperature. According to the measurement and calculation of Hand O-isotopic compositions in the quartz of the quartz-sulfide veins, δDV-SMOW of the ore-forming fluid is from-84‰ to-54‰, and δ18OV-SMOW of that is from 6.75‰ to 9.21‰, indicating a magmatic fluid. The δ34SV-CDT of sulfides in the ores fall into two groups, one is from-4.4‰ to 2.2‰ with average of-1.42‰, and the other from 18.8‰ to 21.6‰ with average of 19.8‰. The S-isotopic data shows one peak at-4.4‰ to 2.2‰(meaning-1.42‰) suggesting a simple magmatic sulfur source. The ore Pbisotopic ratios are 206Pb/204Pb from 17.817 to 17.983, 207Pb/204Pb from 15.470 to 15.620 and 208Pb/204Pb from 38.072 to 38.481, indicating characteristics of mantle-derived lead. The data show that the major ore deposits in the orefield have a magmatic-hydrothermal genesis and that the SHRIMP zircon age of the granodiorite porphyry, closely related to the mineralization, is 151.2±4.2 Ma(MSWD = 1.3), which can represent the formation ages of the ores and intrusion rocks. The study aids understanding of the ore-forming processes of the major metallic ore deposits in the orefield.     

向山地区铁,硫矿床中黄铁矿矿物学研究

安徽向山地区铁、硫矿床中黄铁矿属火山沉积型。黄铁矿的热电系数为- 16 3.2 5μV/℃ 。化学成分上具有明显富硫特点。Co/Ni比值平均为 6 .6 9。REE含量低 ,平均为7.2 9× 10 - 6 ,大部分样品具有负铈异常 ,所有样品具有明显的负铕异常。黄铁矿晶胞参数a0 =5.4 1487～ 5.4 1883 A ,晶体化学式 :(Fe0 .994 6 Co0 .0 0 17Ni0 .0 0 37) 1.0 0 0 0 S2 .0 2 79。本文还列出了黄铁矿的红外吸收光谱、X射线衍射和硫同位素等资料。     

Mineralogy of Early Cambrian Ni‐Mo Polymetallic Black Shale at the Sancha Deposit,South China: Implications for Ore Genesis

The mineralogy of the Early Cambrian Ni–Mo polymetallic black shale ores at the Sancha deposit, South China, was investigated to better the understanding of the complex ore genesis by optical microscope, electron microprobe, and scanning electron microscope. Analytical results show that the sulfides in the ore bed mainly comprise C/MoS₂ mixed‐layer phase (MoSC), millerite, and pyrite. Of these, MoSC and millerite are the main ore minerals of Mo and Ni, respectively. Pyrite is subdivided into six types based on its morphology, occurrence, relationship to Ni‐ and Mo‐bearing minerals, and chemical composition. Many millerite crystals cut early‐formed MoSC, implying that these two minerals formed at different stages. The concentrations of biogenic elements (e.g., Sb) in the MoSC are high compared with those in millerite, implying a close relationship between MoSC and organic matter. These data provide a new and improved understanding of the complex ore genesis at the Sancha deposit, and can be applied to other black‐shale‐hosted mineral deposits worldwide.     

红旗岭3号含矿岩体地质年龄及其岩石学特征

以1号和7号岩体为代表的红旗岭铜镍硫化物矿床,是兴蒙造山带中典型的岩浆熔离型矿床。矿区内共有30多个镁铁-超镁铁质岩体,3号岩体是其中的含矿岩体,多年来因其地质产状与主要含矿岩体不同被认为形成于燕山期。本次工作对采自不同深度岩心样品中的单矿物角闪石进行⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar同位素年代学研究,得到（228.2±3.0 ）Ma的坪年龄和（230.1±7.1）Ma的等时线年龄。该年龄和近年发表的红旗岭1号岩体地质年龄基本一致,说明它们均为早印支期岩浆作用的产物。通过对比分析1号和7号主含矿岩体与3号岩体的岩石地球化学特征发现,无论是稀土元素还是微量元素图解均显示了它们具有相同的配分模式,暗示了这些岩体的同源性特点。     

铜陵新桥矿田褐铁矿矿物组成及成因

褐铁矿是铁帽型金矿和铁矿的重要矿产类型,但目前对其从矿物学的微观角度研究较少。本文采用粉晶X射线衍射(XRD)以及场发射扫描电镜(SEM)矿物学研究手段,对铜陵矿集区新桥矿田褐铁矿的矿物组成、微结构进行研究。根据矿物组成及微结构将新桥褐铁矿分为两种成因类型:Ⅰ型褐铁矿,该类型褐铁矿主要起源于黄铁矿矿石,矿石多具蜂窝状构造。主要组成矿物为针铁矿,次要矿物为赤铁矿,含有少量石英,针铁矿晶体长度一般介于500 nm~2μm,长度/半径比值(长径比)较大;Ⅱ型褐铁矿,由原生菱铁矿矿石风化而成,矿石多具肾状构造。矿物组成主要为针铁矿,其次为赤铁矿、锰氧化物和伊利石等粘土矿物,针铁矿晶体长度一般小于500 nm,具有较小的长径比。褐铁矿矿物学和微结构不仅可以初步确定原生矿物和矿石类型,而且对寻找铁帽金矿床也具有重要指示意义。     

安徽铜陵桂花冲斑岩铜矿围岩蚀变与矿化作用

桂花冲铜矿为安徽铜陵地区新发现的斑岩型铜矿,斑岩体为准铝质高钾钙碱性的花岗闪长斑岩。围岩蚀变与矿化作用是斑岩型矿床成矿过程研究的一项重要内容,对蚀变带岩石开展元素地球化学成分的迁移研究,是分析热液交代蚀变过程的基础。桂花冲铜矿区内围岩蚀变作用比较强烈,蚀变类型主要有钾化、绢云母化、硅化、绿泥石化和碳酸盐化等。蚀变分带比较明显,由内向外依次为钾化带、绢英岩化带和青磐岩化带,矿体主要产于绢英岩化带内。矿化蚀变自早至晚划分为钾长石、石英-绢云母、石英多金属硫化物和碳酸盐4个阶段。蚀变带物质组分迁移结果表明,在蚀变过程中,岩石的主量元素除TiO₂、MnO、MgO外,其他元素迁移量发生了明显改变;微量元素除Sr和Cu外,迁移量变化较小,稀土元素在矿化强的部位亏损,在矿化弱的地带富集。岩体及蚀变带岩石稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分模式一致,说明岩体与蚀变岩石经历了相同来源流体的交代蚀变,是岩浆流体连续作用的结果。     

阿舍勒铜锌块状硫化物矿床地质特征和成因

阿舍勒矿床与早－中泥盆世双峰式火山活动有着成因联系，产于火山洼地中，它在喷气－沉积阶段形成，后又细历了变质改造和岩浆热液叠加。矿床具有双层结构，很好的矿化分带和刨变分带。成矿流体的温度，压力和酸碱度等物理化学条件变化引起了围岩蚀变和矿石堆积，在海底界面上下形成了具有成因联系的两套矿化。     

Sedimentary Environment and Mineralization of the Black Shale Polymetallic Layer in the Early Cambrian, SW China: Constraints from in situ LA-ICP-MS Analysis of Pyrite

A polymetallic layer is usually developed at the bottom of the early Cambrian black shale in Guizhou Province. The mineral that makes up the polymetallic layer is related to the sedimentary facies. To analyze the differentiation mechanism between polymetallic deposits (Ni-Mo and V), the Zhijin Gezhongwu profile located in the outer shelf and the Sansui Haishan V deposit located in the lower slope are selected to study the in situ sulfur isotopes and trace elements of pyrite. The results show that δ34S values of pyrite vary widely from ?7.8 ‰ to 28 ‰ in the Gezhongwu profile, while the δ34S values are relatively uniform (from 27.8 ‰ to 38.4 ‰) in the Haishan profile. The isotopic S composition is consistent with the transition that occurs in the sedimentary phase from the shelf to the deep sea on the transgressive Yangtze platform; this indicates that the δ34SO42? values in seawater must be differently distributed in depositional environments. The sulfur in the Ni-Mo layer is produced after the mixing of seawater and hydrothermal fluid, while the V layer mainly originates from seawater. Overall, the Ni-Mo and V deposits have been differentiated primarily on the basis of the combined effect of continental weathering and hydrothermal fluid.     

西藏冈底斯成矿带拉屋锌铜多金属矿床成矿物质来源：硫化物LA-MC-ICP-MS原位S同位素约束

拉屋中型矽卡岩型锌铜多金属矿床位于中冈底斯铅锌多金属成矿带东段。该矿床以铜铅锌矿化为主,并伴生钨锡矿化,明显不同于区域上的铅锌银矿床。锌铜多金属矿体主要产于二长花岗岩与石炭系接触带的矽卡岩中,其次赋存于角岩化砂质板岩。为查明成矿物质来源,笔者采用激光剥蚀-多接收等离子体质谱（LA-MC-ICP-MS）分析法,对矿床中发育的金属硫化物进行原位硫同位素分析。测试结果显示,黄铁矿δ34Sv-CDT值为-2.57‰～-1.17‰,平均值为-1.65‰;黄铜矿δ34Sv-CDT值为+1.32‰～+2.74‰,平均值为+1.73‰;方铅矿δ34Sv-CDT值为+0.84‰～+1.53‰,均值为+1.09‰。原位S同位素总体分布较为集中,δ34Sv-CDT为-2.57‰～+2.74‰,平均值为+0.09‰。综合分析认为,拉屋锌铜多金属矿床硫化物S同位素组成与区域上广泛发育的铅锌多金属矿床相似,均与印度大陆与欧亚大陆碰撞造山过程形成的S型花岗岩相关,成矿物质来源于岩浆,属典型的矽卡岩型矿床,而非前人认为的喷流沉积矿床。     

安徽沿江地区中生代原地和异地矽卡岩岩浆－热液成矿作用

在安徽沿江地区,既分布有大量接触交代成因和叠加复合成因的矽卡岩矿床,也分布有岩浆成因的矽卡岩矿床。本文给出了不同类型岩浆矽卡岩及其矿床的定义,论述了安徽沿江地区中生代岩浆矽卡岩及其矿床的特征,并在此基础上分析了区域中生代矽卡岩岩浆－热液成矿作用。根据矽卡岩岩浆就位位置的不同可将岩浆矽卡岩分成原地矽卡岩和异地矽卡岩两类,相应地将岩浆矽卡岩矿床分成原地矽卡岩矿床和异地矽卡岩矿床两大类。两类矽卡岩及其矿床具有明显不同的特征。在地质产状上,原地矽卡岩岩体常与壳幔同熔岩浆侵入体紧密伴生而分布在壳幔同熔岩浆侵入体与碳酸盐围岩的接触带上,在矽卡岩岩体边缘一般没有冷凝边和烘烤边,但常能见到因同化混染作用不彻底而留下的围岩残留体（多已变质成角岩或大理岩）。与此明显不同的是,异地矽卡岩岩体常分布在断裂带或地层虚脱带中,附近一般没有壳幔同熔岩浆侵入体与其紧密伴生,在矽卡岩岩体边缘一般有冷凝边和烘烤边,有时能见到气孔构造以及石榴石或透辉石堆积岩,但见不到围岩残留体。同时,原地矽卡岩和异地矽卡岩均具有明显的水平分带,但两者明显不同。原地矽卡岩的水平分带常表现为从侵入岩体经矽卡岩往碳酸盐围岩方向依次出现侵入岩→同化混染侵入岩→富铁矽卡岩→富钙矽卡岩→同化混染碳酸盐岩→碳酸盐岩,反映同化混染作用逐渐减弱,而异地矽卡岩的水平分带常表现为从矽卡岩体中央往两边依次出现中粗粒矽卡岩－中细粒矽卡岩,反映随降温速度逐渐增加结晶速度逐渐降低。在矿物组成上,原地矽卡岩中的石榴石包含钙铁榴石、钙铁铝榴石和钙铝榴石,辉石主要为透辉石和钙铁辉石,而异地矽卡岩中的石榴石几乎全是钙铁榴石,辉石全是钙铁辉石。在地球化学方面,相对于原地矽卡岩,异地矽卡岩明显富集W、F、Rb、Be、Fe,而亏损Al、Sr、Ba、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Co、Ni等元素。在岩相学上,原地矽卡岩和异地矽卡岩大多具有自形等粒结构,其中大多能见到熔融包裹体,但原地矽卡岩中的石榴石和辉石更为自形且常发育良好环带,熔融包裹体的均一温度明显高于异地矽卡岩中熔融包裹体的均一温度。在矿床类型上,原地矽卡岩一般为铜矿床,矿石矿物主要是铜铁硫化物,而异地矽卡岩一般为铁矿床,矿石矿物主要是铁氧化物。通过综合分析,认为原地矽卡岩和异地矽卡岩是由矽卡岩岩浆在原地或异地发生冷却结晶作用形成的,而原地矽卡岩矿床和异地矽卡岩矿床是由原地矽卡岩岩浆和异地矽卡岩岩浆发生熔离作用和结晶分异作用,熔离出的矿浆和分异出的热液发生冷却结晶和交代蚀变作用形成的。     

北祁连清水沟-白柳沟Fe-S和Pb-Zn-Cu型块状硫化物矿床形成环境探讨

青海祁连县清水沟—白柳沟新元古代寒武纪大陆裂谷双峰式海相火山岩中产有Fe-S和Pb-Zn-Cu型块状硫化物矿床.这两类矿床除受所在火山岩陆壳幔源区的部分熔融程度和火山作用旋回性不同影响外,主要受产生构造位置和火山岩浆源区物性条件所控制.其中产Fe-S型矿床的石头沟-香子沟穹窿火山作用,相对形成于近裂谷扩张中心的深海环境,以低K2O钙碱性的拉斑玄武质或英安质下地壳为物源区环境;郭米寺-白柳沟穹窿的Pb-Zn-Cu型火山作用形成于远离扩张中心的陆缘弧环境,源区为一种由地幔源和壳源共同构成的混合源.在矿床成因类型方面,前者近似塞浦路斯的铜黄铁矿,后者为较典型的日本黑矿型.     

Underplating of Mesozoic Mantle-derived Magmas in Tongling, Anhui Province: Evidence from Megacrysts and Xenoliths

Lithological observations and mineralogical analyses on pyroxene and hornblende megacrysts and pyroxene and hornblende cumulates in xenoliths in the Mesozoic plutons of the Tongling region, Anhui Province, provide evidence for the magmatic underplating of mantle-derived alkali-olivine basalt at circa 140 Ma. The pyroxene and hornblende megacrysts and cumulates were formed through the AFC process at depths ranging from 27 to 35 km.