临沂市柳航头地区地热资源特征研究

区域地质调查和地热地质勘探资料显示,临沂市柳航头地区区域构造发育较强烈,大气降水通过构造破碎带向地下深部运动,深部寒武-奥陶纪灰岩岩溶地层厚度可达1 500余米。区域地下水在深部渗透性较好的岩溶地层内径流,向柳航头地区运动过程中,不断受到地球深部热源的地温加热而形成地热水,寒武-奥陶纪岩溶地层成为热储层,其上覆地层导热率较低,是较好的盖层。结合研究区内的地热井深部测温数据和地热水化学特征数据,建立柳航头地区地热概念模型。     

山东省鲁中南地区典型地热田概述

山东省鲁中南地区典型地热田包括临沂汤头、肥城安驾庄、泰安岱道庵、泰安徂徕镇桥沟、沂南铜井、沂源南麻[CD*2]悦庄和淄博张店地热田。该文从区域地质概况、地温场特征、热储特征、地热成因分析以及热储概念模型5个方面对以上7处地热田的地热地质条件进行了概述。     

广西贵港市桥圩盆地地热地质条件与地热资源开发前景

为探讨广西中-新生代盆地地热资源的勘探、开发前景,文章在充分搜集大量资料的基础上,根据盆地地热资源形成的原理,结合桥圩盆地地热地质条件,对桥圩盆地地热的热源、储层、盖层条件进行分析研究.结果表明,桥圩盆地具备完善的热储、盖层条件和热水通道条件,热源条件较好,具有形成热传导型地热田的地热地质条件,勘探与开发前景良好.     

湖南宁乡灰汤地热资源形成条件与成藏模式

本文通过对宁乡灰汤地热资源的热源、热通道、热储层、地热水化学特征及盖层特征的综合研究分析,查明宁乡灰汤地热形成条件及控制因素。并在此基础上,结合区内地温特征的研究提出了地热资源成藏模式。研究表明:该区地热地质条件良好,具备地热资源赋存背景;地热成藏模式主要为大气降水补给及深大断裂热传导所致,地热资源受断裂构造控制。     

鲁北临盘地热资源特征及开发利用

鲁北临盘地热资源丰富 ,热储层为新近纪黄骅群馆陶组 ,热储盖层为新近纪黄骅群明化镇组和第四纪平原组 ,热源主要来自地壳深部正常热流传导。目前已钻凿 2口地热井 ,开发利用效益显著。地热开发要避开油气层 ,石油开发要防止污染地热储水层。     

山东省地温梯度分布特征研究

在充分搜集山东省区域地质、构造地质、地热地质及地热遥感解译资料等基础上,开展了山东省地温场现状调查、1∶50万地热遥感解译和测温工作,根据收集资料程度,提出计算地温梯度的方法,计算了整个研究区地温梯度;评价了各个地热区地温梯度的分布规律,并从大地构造、基岩起伏、岩浆活动、地层岩性、断裂构造、地下水活动等方面分析了影响地温场分布的因素,讨论了浅部地温场与深部构造的关系,总结了研究区各区地温梯度的分布特征。     

日照市刘东楼地区地热资源开发利用可行性分析

地热资源为绿色清洁能源,具有节能环保、可持续利用的特征,其开发利用可加快地方旅游经济的发展。刘东楼地区位于日照青岛断裂以东,构造较发育,成热地质条件良好。本文通过浅层地温测量、物探、测温孔等手段,查明了该地区热储特征及埋藏条件,并建立了热储概念模型;根据模型分析,地下水受深部热源加热、温度升高,遇构造交会形成凝滞,与围岩发生溶滤,形成了具有较高温度和矿物质的地热流体,最终沿断裂破碎带传输至地表,形成了地热异常区;浅层地温测量显示区域恒温带埋深25～35m,恒温层温度16.2℃,测温孔地温梯度为2.12℃/100m,同时分析了研究区地热流体化学组分特征,通过地热流体质量评价显示,研究区地热水主要的开发利用方向为理疗洗浴、采暖等。最后对该地区的开发利用可行性进行了分析,以期为同类花岗岩地区寻找地热资源提供借鉴。     

日照市沿海地区地热资源特征研究

日照市沿海地区位于日照-青岛断裂两侧,区内断裂、构造较发育,成热地质条件良好。为了全面查明日照市沿海地区地热资源特征,该文通过浅层地温测量、物探、测温孔等手段,确定日照街道三柱山村东和南湖镇徐家坪-万家坪一带两处地热异常区,然后分别建立热储概念模型分析研究,采用热储法对两区域地热资源量进行评价。浅层地温测量显示区域恒温带埋深一般在17.84～26.15m,恒温带平均温度15.39℃,地温梯度值平均值为1.46℃/100m;热储概念模型分析显示,地下水受深部热源加热、温度升高,遇构造交会区形成凝滞,与围岩发生溶滤,形成了具有较高温度和矿物质的地热流体,最终沿断裂破碎带传输至地表,形成了地热异常区;热储法计算结果:三柱山区域地热资源量3.07×10~(15)J,可利用地热资源量2.46×10~(14)J,南湖区域地热资源量3.85×10~(15)J,可利用地热资源量3.08×10~(14)J。这对于日照市沿海地区地热资源勘查提供了方向,对我国"断控型"地热资源研究提供了一定的参考价值。     

山东费县上冶地区地热资源特征研究

山东省临沂市被授牌为"中国地热城"。区内地热资源较为丰富,开发利用时间长,产生了显著的经济和社会效益。通过研究临沂市费县上冶地区的地质背景、地热地质特征,探求该地区的地热资源形成、发育的机理,对于指导区域地热资源的有效开发具有重要的意义。上冶地区南部奥陶纪马家沟群地层直接出露,大气降水直接或者间接补给岩溶热储含水层。近SN向的上冶东岭断裂及其次级断裂与蒙山断裂沟通,地下水通过断裂构造、岩溶孔洞、裂隙等通道向深部径流,受到大地热流的传导加热,在形成和运移过程中不断地溶滤热储围岩的各种化学成分。而上覆地层热导率低,具有一定的保温作用,从而使得地热资源在该地赋存和聚集。深部岩溶热储类型为典型的受断裂构造控制的层状兼带状热储。     

百色盆地深部热储温度及热水循环深度研究

百色盆地和南宁盆地一样,均为新生代盆地,蕴藏丰富的地热资源。文章介绍了利用Na-K-Mg三角图和1g(Q/K)图判读矿物—流体的平衡状态在研究百色盆地水岩相互作用程度及地热流体中矿物饱和指数的基础上,采用地学温标估算深部热储温度,探讨区域地热地质背景下深部热储温度情况,估算地热流体循环深度。     

Structure and Dynamics of Fisheries in Nigeria

The changes that have taken place in Nigerian fisheries are reviewed. Artisanal fishery has continued to dominate the fisheries,contributing over 85% of total fish production. The inland water and coastal seas are fully exploited and the increase in fishery production is not likely. Aquaculture potentials remain untapped as much as deep-sea fisheries. The combined potential of the fisheries resources-freshwater,marine and aquaculture can meet over 90% of the nation's demand for fish. Opportunities for invest-ments,therefore,exist in the various subsectors,especially in the areas of storage,processing and preservation for the capture fishery and fish seed multiplication for aquaculture.     

Safety analysis of water resources and eco-environment in Shiyang River Basin

The research on the present situation of soil and water development and utilization in Shiyang River Basin shows that water resources and eco-environment situation in this area are near the edge of collapse. Since the water crises occurred in the 1970s, problems caused by continuous decrease of water resources have been becoming serious year by year and eco-environment crisis occurred as a consequence. Up to now, 10 380ha of irrigated lands have been abandoned due to sand coverage and water shortage in the basin. Ground water was over exploded in Wuwei and Minqin because of water shortage. Ground water table in many places dropped under 5m (which is the ecology water table level), thus about 3000ha of Elaeagnus angustifolia forest come to dead and another 5800ha become feeble, and wind-drift sand near the oasis become alive. According to the current situation, if water utilization scope was not enlarged, a water transfer volume of 600×10⁶m³/a from other areas will be suitable to keep water resources and eco-environment safety in the basin, and also 70×10⁶m³/a will be left as spare water. Under this condition the water resources and eco-environment of the basin can reach the critical safety line of 2.032×10⁹m³/a; or if 180×10⁶m³ of water can be transferred from other areas, the water resources can reach the safety warning line of 1.732×10⁹m³/a. Foundation item: Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40235053) and Lanzhou Jiaotong University "Qinglan" Foundation Biography: ZHANG Ji-shi (1963-), male, a native of Tongwei of Gansu Province, senior engineer, specialized in water resources and climate change in Northwest China. E-mail: zjs1963@yahoo.com.cn; hangjs@mail.lzjtu.cn     

THE PROBLEMS OF WATER RESOURCES IN NORTH CHINA AND THE STRATEGY

North China, whose total area is 420,000 km2, covers 2 provinces and 2 cities (Shanxi and Hebei provinces, Beijing and Tianjin) and the territories of Henan and Shandong provinces to the north of the Huanghe (Yellow) River, and part of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Liaoning Province. Most of this region, which is situated in the semi-humid, semi-arid continental climate temperate zone, gets an annual precipitation of 500-600 mm, whereas, the perennial average amount of total water resource is 50.99 billion m3, including 33.82 billion m3 of surface water, 32.94 billion m3 of ground water and 15.77 billion m3 of their duplication. Due to the intensive exploitation of water resource caused by the deficiency of water resource in North China, key elements of water balance was changed, runoff volume reduced, evaporation increased, vertical movement of moisture strengthened, water circulation pattern transformed from open system into regionally closed system; meanwhile, due to the incompetent water     

STAGES AND POTENTIALITY OF WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT INARID NORTHWESTERN CHINA

The processes of water resources exploitation and utilization can be divided into three stages by water resources transformation, and the history, present situation and future trend of water resources development in piedmont areas around high mountains of arid northwestern China. The three stages are: the stage of surface water development (the first stage), the stage of comprehensive development of surface and ground water (the second stage) and the stage of economical development of water resources (the third stage). The three stages link each other and show the law and processes of water resources exploitation and utilization associated with social and technological progress. The economical water policy should run through the three stages. On this point, however, the third stage differs from the others, particularly, refering to irrigated agriculture. The third stage has more progressive significance because it breaks the traditional ideas on water resources development. According to our investigation and calculation, under present conditions of water resources development, the net used water is about 160 × 10⁸ m³, accounting for 18% of the total water resources of northwestern China. The water resources have not been fully developed. If the first stage is finished, the exploitable water can be increased by 91%. After the second stage, furthermore, it can be increased by 216%. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

Regional distribution and sustainable development strategy of mineral resources in China

This paper summarizes the distribution and production layout of the major mineral resources in China,including coal,iron ore,copper and bauxite,from a national perspective.It also identifies the incompatibility between the mineral resources distribution and regional economic development.Significant issues with China’s mineral resource industry cause challenges for the sustainable development of both the mining industry and the national socio-economy.The sustainability of regional mineral resources and the environmental pollution by mining in the western China were also analyzed.Results show that the distribution of China’s mineral resources is misaligned with its regional layout of economic development.China’s mineral resources have been over-exploited,and the mineral resources production in the eastern China is unsustainable.The continuously expanding production of mineral resources in the western China has heavily endangered the ecological environment.We propose strategies to boost the sustainable development of mineral resources,including measures to accelerate economic development and enhance the sustainability of domestic mineral resources.We also offer suggestions for scientifically planning the mineral resource prospecting and exploitation and regional economic layout,as well as for proactively undertaking industry transfer in the eastern China and raising the environmental benchmark requirements for the mineral industry in the central and western China.     

山东省鲁北地区浅层地热能资源评价

鲁北地区于2001年已陆续开始应用热泵技术开发浅层地热能,但区内的浅层地热能资源评价工作却严重滞后,制约了区内浅层地热能资源的开发和合理利用。为促进鲁北地区浅层地热能的开发利用,省政府拿出专项资金,开展了鲁北地区浅层地热能的资源评价工作,前期在调查区域内开发利用现状和摸清地质条件的基础上,采用层次分析法,分别对地下水换热方式和地埋管换热方式进行了开发利用适宜性分区,采用热储体积法对该区的浅层地热容量进行了计算,得出鲁北地区浅层地热容量为29.386×1015kJ/℃;并根据适宜性分区结果,分别对地下水式和地埋管式地源热泵适宜区、较适宜区可利用换热量也进行了计算,得出地下水式地源热泵200m以浅可利用换热量为0.848 9×1010kW·h,地埋管式地源热泵200m以浅可利用换热量为6.526 1×1012kW·h。     

四川省水土资源开发利用现状特征、问题及可持续利用对策

系统分析评价研究了2004年四川水土资源开发利用现状特征及其存在的主要问题，针对四川人地矛盾日趋尖锐、水土流失严重、水资源利用率低、水资源污染仍较严重尤其饮用水源地水质堪忧等制约全省经济社会可持续发展的重要因素，提出了实现四川水土资源可持续利用的对策和措施。     

浅论土地信息资源的合理利用

土地信息资源是与特定地块相关的各种信息 ,是土地管理工作处理的对象和结果。我国目前对土地信息资源的重要性认识还不够 ,缺乏技术人才 ,对土地信息资源的收集和利用存在缺乏市场机制和效率不高等问题。在土地管理过程中 ,可采取一定措施来合理利用土地信息资源。     

Spatial disparity and efficiency of science and technology resources in China

In the knowledge economy era,science and technology(S&T) resources are getting more and more important in shaping regional competiveness and building regional innovation capacity.As such,the spatial distribution of S&T resources is a key to understanding regional development and disparities.By designing an input-output indicator system,this paper develops an evaluation model to examine the spatial distribution of S&T resources in China and assess their spatial efficiency.Moreover,the paper tries to explain spatial differences in the efficiency of S&T resources in China.Major findings are:1) the input and output of S&T resources in China shows a clear T-shaped spatial structure,i.e.,concentrated mainly in the coastal region and along the Changjiang(Yangtze) River;2) the efficiency of S&T resources in China displays strong spatial disparities,with the level of efficiency descending from the east to the west while high efficiency appearing in only several clusters;3) the utilization rates of S&T resources in most provinces are quite low,resulting in low efficiency of S&T resources allocation.The paper suggests that the utilization rate of S&T resources should be raised and the commercialization of S&T outputs should be enhanced to improve the efficiency of S&T resources in China.     

Study on the sustainable development of wetland resources in the Ussuri / Wusuli River basin

1 INTRODUCTION The Ussuri / Wusuli River watershed is located in the southeast part of Heilongjiang Province of China, which joins remote regions of Russia. The watershed consists of approximately 26 000 000 ha, which is about two thirds of the watershed ecosystem in Russia, one  third in China. The Ussuri River forms part of the border between Russia and China, the shared border stretches more than 1100 km. Khanka/Xingkai Lake lies within both China and Russia. Its total area …