Effects of contour hedgerow intercropping on nutrient losses from the sloping farmland in the Three Gorges Area, China

Eutrophication is recognized as one of the major environmental problems in the Three Gorges Reservoir.Contour hedgerows have been used as a major soil and water conservation measure in this area.Accordingly,a two-year study was conducted to investigate the effects of contour hedgerow intercropping on nutrient loss from sloping farmland in this area.Four treatments were applied:(1) Maize + Soybean,(2) Maize,(3) Maize + Alfalfa,and(4) Maize + Hemerocallis citrina Baroni.Results indicated that nutrient loss in the control treatment(Maize) was serious,especially the average loss flux of total nitrogen(2245.8 mg) and total phosphate(2434.2 mg) in a typical rainfall event.However,the nutrient losses by runoff in the other three treatments with contour hedgerow intercropping showed significant reduction.Compared with the control treatment,the total nitrogen loss in the Alfalfa and Hemerocallis citrina Baroni decreased by 80.9% and 85.0%,respectively,and the total phosphorus loss in the two treatments decreased by 91.2% and 92.5%,respectively.Therefore,it is concluded that nutrient losses could be reduced by using contour hedgerows in the Three Gorges Region.Reducing runoff volume and sediment loss was the main mechanisms of contour hedgerow intercropping to reduce nutrient loss.     

EXPLORATION ON METHOD OF AUTO-CLASSIFICATION FOR MAIN GROUND OBJECTS OF THREE GORGES RESERVOIR AREA

1IN TR O DU C TIO N With thedevelopmentof remotesensingtechnolog,y thestudyandapplicatioonftheautomaticclassifitciaon method usingcomputerhad achievedsatisfyi ndgevel- opment. From spectrumstatisticcallassificatitoonthe neural network classificatimoenthod…     

三峡工程建设期库区耕地的时空变化及驱动力分析

本文通过三峡工程建设前后15年三峡库区耕地的遥感动态监测和耕地变化分析,揭示出耕地变化的影响因子。2007年三峡库区耕地垦殖指数为0.25,三峡工程建设期,耕地资源减少4％,平均每年递减3 977hm2。耕地占补比例为26：1,占补不平衡,土地承载能力不足;减少耕地中优质耕地占61％,耕地质量总体下降;库区2007年人...     

三峡库区堆积层滑坡间歇性活动预测:以白水河滑坡为例

三峡库区堆积层滑坡在季节性降雨和库水位周期波动的影响下呈现间歇性活动特征,滑坡活动强度与诱发因素作用强度和时间关系密切。以三峡库区白水河滑坡为例,分析了堆积层滑坡间歇性活动特征和诱发因素,发现降雨和库水位下降是滑坡变形的主要诱发因素。根据滑坡时序曲线特征,将滑坡累积位移分解为趋势项位移和周期项位移,采用多项式拟合的方法来预测趋势项位移,利用长短期记忆神经网络模型来预测周期项位移,并与极限学习机模型、广义回归神经网络模型的预测结果进行了对比分析,发现长短期记忆神经网络模型预测滑坡间歇性活动精度更高。     

Seasonal succession of phytoplankton in response to the variation of environmental factors in the Gaolan River, Three Gorges Reservoir, China

To understand the responses of a freshwater ecosystem to the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR), phytoplankton was monitored in the tributaries of the TGR area. From August 2010 to July 2011, algal species composition, abundance, chlorophyll a and other environmental parameters were investigated in the Gaolan River, which is a tributary of Xiangxi River. Thirty-one algal genera from seven phyla were identified. Results show that the lowest concentrations of total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) were 0.06 mg/L and 1.08 mg/L, respectively. The values of TP and TN exceeded the threshold concentration of the eutrophic state suggested for freshwater bodies. In the Gaolan River, the succession of phytoplankton showed clear seasonal characteristics. Different dominant species were observed among seasons under the control of environment factors. In spring and summer, the dominant species were Nitzschia sp. and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (L.) Ralfs, the limiting nutrient was NO ₃ ^? -N, and the key environmental factor for phytoplankton population succession was water temperature (WT). In autumn and winter, the dominant species were A. flos-aquae and Chlorella sp., the limiting nutrient was PO ₄ ^3? -P, and the key environmental factors were transparency and WT. This study illustrates the influence of physical and chemical factors on phytoplankton seasonal succession in a tributary of TGR since the downstream regions of Xiangxi River and Gaolan River became reservoirs after impoundment of the Three Gorges Dam. We suggest that this activity has significantly affected water quality in the dam area.     

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137Cs and 210Pbex as soil erosion tracers in the hilly Sichuan Basin and the Three Gorges area of China

Accelerated soil erosion and land degradation represent major environmental problems for agricultural lands.Reliable information on the rates of soil loss is urgently needed.The traditional techniques for documenting rates of soil loss may meet this need,but face many limitations.The fallout radionuclides,especially 137 Cs and 210 Pb ex,are increasingly used as effective tracers to quantify soil erosion rates,and they represent a valuable complement to the existing classical methods.This paper aims to introduce the basis for assessing soil erosion rates on cultivated and uncultivated slopes by using 137 Cs and 210 Pb ex measurements,to compare the 137 Cs and 210 Pb ex reference inventories,and to report several case studies undertaken in the hilly area of Sichuan Basin and the Three Gorges area of China.     

三峡重庆库区深部地球物理特征与断裂构造

为了深入研究三峡重庆库区岩石圈动力学特征及其对断裂构造活动的控制和影响．并为之提供基础资料，为三峡重庆库区地震、地质灾害的监测与防治提供基础依据，在已有地球物理资料的基础上，从综合地球物理研究角度出发，通过实测地震测线资料的再解释．采用新的处理技术方法，对本区的东西向主剖面和南北向支测线的地震测深资料进行二维射线追踪处理、Pg波成像；选用场分离技术、位移数字成像技术重新处理了重力和航磁资料，通过联合反演来建立深部二维构造剖面，对剖面所揭示的基底构造特征和地壳结构特征、主要断裂构造特征以及莫霍面的起伏特征进行了精细分析和细致研究．从地球物理平面场特征出发建立了岩石圈构造三维框架。研究结果表明，这样的研究思路准确、方法得当．结论可靠；沿该剖面，把可解译的断裂分为Ⅲ级：Ⅰ级为超岩石圈断裂；Ⅱ级为壳断裂；Ⅲ级为盖层断裂。依据地球物理特征，准确揭示了库区的断裂构造特征，达到了预期效果。     

三峡蓄水进程中库首区地震活动与库水位的关联性研究

利用三峡数字遥测地震台网产出的地震观测资料,基于互相关-重排实验技术系统分析三峡工程在蓄水进程中地震活动与库水位的相关性及不确定度,探讨三峡水库地震的成因机制.结果表明:1)蓄水进程中库首区地壳经历了"持续加载-渗透饱水-回弹与再平衡"的复杂过程,库区地震活动的时空分布特征与库水位的时序变化关系密切;2)从开始蓄水到1...     

Filling of the Three Gorges Reservoir to the 135-m Level： Instant Effects on the Yangtze Discharge and Suspended Sediment Concentration Entering the Estuary

Via the valuable opportunity of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) 135-m filling in June 2003, the Yangtze discharge and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) entering the estuary during the period from 15 May to 15 July 2003 were analyzed to examine the instant effects of the filling on them. The Yangtze discharge and SSC entering the estuary in the periods before, during and after the filling clearly indicated three phases: 1) the pre-storage phase characterized by natural conditions, in which the SSC incr...     

三峡库首区滑坡空间分布特征分析及危险性评价

采用遥感和GIS技术从宏观上对三峡库首区三峡工程二期、三期治理滑坡和新增滑坡的空间分布与地形地貌、地层岩性、断裂构造、水系流域和人为影响等因素的相关程度进行分析,获取孕灾环境特征规则,并对其危险性进行评价。结果表明,地形因子中的高程、坡向和高程变异系数与滑坡的相关性较高;研究区内断裂构造对滑坡发育的控制作用不明显;研究区滑坡体的空间分布受到不同因子组合的约束,可根据不同因子组合约束的权重对研究区滑坡危险性进行评价。     

三峡水库蓄水后小微震事件的震源机制及成因分析

利用三峡工程地震监测台网记录的2003~2014年地震振幅比和P波初动数据,对三峡水库重点监视区蓄水后地震的震源机制进行解析。结果表明,这些地震震源的基本特征是大仰角的主压应力轴和近于正断的震源错动。在库水的循环加卸载及其水岩的理化作用下,浅表岩层软弱结构面（体）失稳,是蓄水后小微地震活动的主要诱因。 值得注意的是,2010年以后,逆冲走滑类型地震的比例显著增多,显示了区域构造应力场的控制作用。     

三峡重庆地区钻孔应变资料可靠性检验与分析

对三峡重庆地区6个四分量钻孔应变资料进行可靠性分析,利用其增量观测数据进行相对标定,得到各站点测区的应变参数,并分析测区相对应变特征。结果表明,6个站点的钻孔应变观测资料是可靠的,其中1个站点测区面应变呈现张性变化,靠近三峡库首区的5个站点测区面应变呈现压性变化,测点主压应变方向与大范围构造应力场方向较为一致,表明三峡重庆地区呈现压性特征。