区域变质作用对北京房山侵入体 冷却影响的数值模拟

摘 要 通过传热数值模拟分析了区域变质作用对北京西山房山侵入体冷却的影响。结果表 明‚房山侵入体必须处在周围长期高温下才能维持其中央从角闪石 K-Ar 封闭温度到榍石有效 径迹保留温度长达15∙1 Ma 的缓慢冷却。侵入体冷却自早到晚分为以侵入体高温为主导的、 以区域变质衰减为主导的和抬升剥蚀3个冷却阶段。区域变质发生在中、晚侏罗世‚持续到 早白垩世晚期。     

硅线石角岩形成时变质反应的热力学计算

北京房山花岗闪长岩体周围岩石的接触热变质作用发育良好，从内向外，依次出现辉石角岩相、角闪石角岩相、绿帘石角岩相，环绕侵入体形成良好的接触变质圈。1967年，由于教学工作的需要，对岩体西南侧，东山口-关坻一带的泥质岩石的接触变质进行了矿物共生分析。其中辉石角岩相及角闪石角岩相的矿物共生组合如图1、2所示。     

鹤岗矿区煤变质特征及变质规律

通过对鹤岗煤田区域地层、区域构造、岩浆活动规律的分析研究，阐述了鹤岗煤田煤变质作用以区域变质作用为主，局部出现接触变质作用。在走向上煤的变质程度由南向北逐渐增高，在倾向上煤层随赋存深度的增大变质程度逐渐增高。     

大同煤田接触变质煤的煤岩煤质变化规律

大同煤田石炭-二叠纪煤层中的岩浆岩侵入造就了大量的接触变质煤,降低了煤的利用价值。为了详细探讨岩浆岩体距煤层距离对煤的物理化学性质影响,通过对塔山井田5222巷的辉绿岩岩墙及周围煤层的地质编录、系统采样,及煤样的煤岩学分析、工业分析和元素分析,研究接触变质带的煤岩煤质特征。结果表明：接触变质煤在高温条件下生成各种天然焦微观结构,如镶嵌结构、流动结构、热解碳等;侵入体对煤层的瞬时加热显著提升了热变煤的煤级,镜质体最大反射率由正常煤的0.67%~0.87%增至接触变质煤的0.94%~3.67%;接触变质煤中水分含量和灰分产率显著升高,挥发分产率降低;靠近岩墙的煤样中C含量上升,H、N、O含量下降。综合分析认为,岩墙接触变质作用对煤层的影响范围约4.5 m,即1.25倍岩墙宽度,而严重变质带为1.6 m。研究成果为煤的开采利用评价提供依据。     

抚顺煤田接触热变质带及其煤变质因素分析

通过对抚顺煤田西露天矿的大比便尺填图以及横向追索,发现大量的接触热变质“烧变煤”的存在,观察到接触热变质带与辉绿岩呈明显的热接触关系。在此基础上,结合岩浆岩研究指出抚顺煤田煤变质为一种具有浅成、高温,作用时间较短的岩浆热变质作用的产物。     

鲁西南地区煤类分布及煤变质作用类型分析

鲁西南地区煤炭资源丰富,煤质较好,煤变质作用主要属于区域变质,部分地区接触变质作用明显。通过对煤田煤质特征的研究,探讨了不同时期主导煤变质作用的类型及其对煤变质程度的影响。结果表明,三叠纪以前研究区在构造作用下沉降,煤变质主要受深成变质作用影响且各地差别不大,至三叠纪末期煤的变质程度已经接近长焰煤;三叠纪以后南北煤田R值出现显著差异,中北部各煤田煤变质仍然由深成作用主导,而南部济宁、巨野、滕南等煤田在侵入体的作用下,区域岩浆热变质作用开始主导煤变质,接触变质作用发生在巨野、滕南等有岩浆侵入或接近煤层的局部地区;在东部煤田含有大量无烟煤和天然焦,肥煤所占比例明显比中西部大,这是由于郯庐断裂剧烈的水平地层错动,煤系受到动力变质作用影响。     

宁夏煤变质规律初探

宁夏煤炭资源丰富,煤类多,在区域和垂向上呈现出明显的规律性。晚古生代煤层以中、高变质的烟煤、无烟煤为主,中生代煤层以低变质的烟煤为主,从各含煤区分布看,贺兰山、香山含煤区多为高变质的烟煤和无烟煤,灵盐、固原含煤区以低变质烟煤为主,青铜峡-固原深断裂西部的煤变质程度明显高于东部。分析认为深成变质作用对各时代煤变质具有普遍意义,在此基础上,岩浆热力变质作用和动力变质作用也是导致局部地区煤变质增高的因素,如贺兰山含煤区的汝箕沟矿区,受隐伏岩浆热力影响,以岭大井田为中心,呈现北东向展布的半环带状煤级分带;香山含煤区各时代煤类分布方向与区域构造线方向一致,推测可能在深成变质作用下叠加了岩浆热力变质和动力变质作用。     

湘赣中南部地区煤的岩浆热变质作用

湘赣中南部地区的煤主要是高变质煤。虽然深成变质作用存在,但煤本身变化显著,煤与石墨、天然焦同层异矿,煤层围岩蚀变和煤变质带展布与侵入岩体及火山岩的分布密切相关等,都证明岩浆热变质作用是湘赣中南部地区煤变质作用的主要类型。印支—燕山期的岩浆活动形成广阔的高温区,从而形成这一地区大量的高变质烟煤和无烟煤。侵入岩体周围形成煤变质正向环带,岩体群之间则形成反向环带;接触带煤变质呈现向石墨或天然焦两个不同的演化方向;叠加在深成变质作用基础上的岩浆热变质作用控制了这一地区煤变质带展布的格局。     

抚顺煤田煤变质特征

抚顺煤田的煤变质表现为一种具有浅成、高温、作用时间较短的岩浆热变质作用的特征。在西露天矿坑内和龙凤矿井下见有十分发育的接触热变质带,接触热变质煤未形成良好的天然焦,而是形成“炭渣状煤”或“烧变煤”。煤变质带明显,在平面上和垂向上都有所反映。煤变质带的分布与后期侵入的辉绿岩的分布关系密切。     

利用XRD法探讨邢台隆东井田煤变质规律

邢台隆东井田煤变质情况复杂,直接影响煤的工业利用。利用X-射线衍射(XRD)法探讨了区内不同变质程度煤的基本结构单元特征及煤变质规律。结果显示:垂向上,随着煤层埋藏深度的增加,层片间距d₀₀₂值逐渐减小,层片堆积高度L_c和层片直径L_a值逐渐增大;平面上,离岩浆侵入体越近,煤层的层间距d₀₀₂值越小,反之d₀₀₂值越大。在煤种分布上,因受岩浆热源的影响,井田内煤种以旧城为中心向外呈带状分布,旧城附近为无烟煤,向外逐渐过渡为贫煤、瘦煤、焦煤、肥煤和气煤。区内煤变质作用主要受区域变质作用影响,并叠加了岩浆热变质作用。     

变质作用分类的历史回顾和新的试行分类雏议

根据变质作用分类研究的历史回顾和最新进展,本文介绍了一个试行的、较系统的变质作用分类方案,可分为局部性的变质作用和区域性的变质作用两个大类9个类型.局部性的变质作用包括以下5个类型:(1)接触变质作用,包括热变质作用、接触交代变质作用和高热变质作用3个亚类;(2)低-中-高温动力变质作用,包括低-中-高温韧性剪切带变质作用和温压递进逆冲断层变质作用2个亚类;(3)冲击变质作用;(4)水热变质作用;(5)燃烧变质作用.区域性的变质作用可分为以下4个类型:(6)早前寒武纪克拉通基底变质作用-低中压-中高温区域变质作用,可分为5个亚类,分别是低-中压角闪岩相变质作用、低-中压麻粒岩相变质作用、低-中压角闪岩相-麻粒岩相变质作用、低-中压绿片岩相-角闪岩相递增的变质作用和区域超高温麻粒岩相变质作用;(7)造山带变质作用,可分为3个亚类,分别是低温-低压区域动力变质作用、碰撞造山变质作用和深俯冲高压-超高压区域变质作用;(8)埋深变质作用;(9)洋底变质作用.     

新疆阜康大黄山煤矿煤变质作用探讨

新疆阜康大黄山煤矿位于准噶尔盆地南缘乌鲁木齐山前坳陷东段，多项煤变质指标分析结果表明：该区煤变质程度沿煤层走向分带较为明显，沿煤层倾向上煤变质程度虽未突变，但挥发份却随深度加深明显减少．结合煤矿区域构造特征，煤层的变质以深成变质作用为主，动力变质作用为辅．同时推测深大断裂有利于隐伏热异常形成，它的多期次活动可为地下水从地壳内部获得热量提供通道，并为煤层变质提供热源．     

Prograde garnet growth along complex <Emphasis Type="Italic">P–T–t</Emphasis> paths: results from numerical experiments on polyphase garnet from the Wölz Complex (Austroalpine basement)

Garnet in metapelites from the Wölz Complex of the Austroalpine crystalline basement east of the Tauern Window characteristically consists of two growth phases, which preserve a comprehensive record of the geothermal history during polymetamorphism. From numerical modelling of garnet formation, detailed information on the pressure–temperature–time (P–T–t) evolution during prograde metamorphism is obtained. In that respect, the combined influences of chemical fractionation associated with garnet growth, modification of the original growth zoning through intragranular diffusion and the nucleation history on the chemical zoning of garnet as P and T change during growth are considered. The concentric chemical zoning observed in garnet and the homogenous rock matrix, which is devoid of chemical segregation, render the simulation of garnet growth through successive equilibrium states reliable. Whereas the first growth phase of garnet was formed at isobaric conditions of ～3.8 kbar at low heating/cooling rates, the second growth phase grew along a Barrovian P–T path marked with a thermal peak of ～625°C at ～10 kbar and a maximum in P of ～10.4 kbar at ～610°C. For the heating rate during the growth of the second phase of garnet, average rates faster than 50°C Ma^?1 are obtained. From geochronological investigations the first growth phase of garnet from the Wölz Complex pertains to the Permian metamorphic event. The second growth phase grew in the course of Eo-Alpine metamorphism during the Cretaceous.     

中国煤的叠加变质作用

中国煤变质具有多阶段演化与多热源叠加变质的特点;部分中国煤经历过3个变质演化阶段：以深成变质作用为主的第1演化阶段。以多热源叠加变质作用为特征的第2演化阶段和以奠定煤变质格局为主的第3演化阶段。除煤的深成变质普遍存在外,区域岩浆热变质为另一种中国煤的主要变质模型;多热源叠加变质是中国大多数中、高煤级煤产生的主要原因,其中区域岩浆热变质作用的影响最显著;中国煤的叠加变质作用主要发生在第2演化阶段;文中归纳出5种叠加变质作用类型。     

Palaeoproterozoic metamorphism in the Jeori-Wangtu Gneissic Complex (JWGC), western Himalayas

The Jeori-Wangtu Gneissic Complex (JWGC) exposed as a tectonic window in the Lesser Himalayas represents one of the oldest Gneissic Complex of the Himalayas. Foliated granite and the metapelite constitute the dominant lithologies of the JWGC. The western margin of the JWGC is bounded by a brittle shear while in the east, the tectonic surface is a ductile shear zone.Kyanite schist, chloritoid schist, staurolite schist (St-1), garnet schist and staurolite schist (St-2) are present in a west to east sequence beginning from near to the Jhakhri thrust and up to the contact with the JWGC granite. Mica schist is intermittently present and is the dominant metapelite. Low to medium grade regional metamorphic conditions has been inferred for these rocks.Calc silicate enclaves within the JWGC granite preserve the contact metamorphic effects. These are reflected in development of narrow zones of disequilibrium assemblages of calcareous garnet (grs₅₃), clinopyroxene, K feldspar, calcic plagioclase (An₈₆), quartz, zoned sphene, zoned allanite, amphiboles, calcite and epidote.Recording of contact metamorphic assemblage of 1.80 Ga granite witin the enclave calc silicates and in the host metapelites over an earlier, relict low to medium grade assemblage indicates that the JWGC preserves palaeoproterozoic metamorphic imprints.     

Poly Phase Metamorphism of Pelitic Rocks of Hamedan Area, West Iran Based On Petrography Evidences

The study area is located in the northern part of Sanandaj-Sirjan zone in western part of Hamedan province in Iran. Estimation of times of these events is based on the 40K–40Ar age determination carried mainly on separated amphiboles, biotites and muscovites, and interpreted as the ages of their isotopic closure. Estimations range between 91 and 70 Ma (A. Baharifar et al., 2004). The Sanandaj–Sirjan zone of western Iran is a metamorphic belt (greenschist–amphibolite facies) that uplifted during late Cretaceous continental collision between the Afro-Arabian continent and the Iranian micro-continent. The Alvand plutonic mass is the most important aspect of igneous phenomena of this area. The plutonic rocks are generally confined to granitoidic such as granite, alkali-granite, monzodiorite, diorite, monzodioritic gabbro, monzogabbro, pegmatite, aplite etc according to IUGS clas-sification.     

辽宁省新宾县徐家堡子韧性变形变质带的特征及变形变质作用

徐家堡子地区以黑云英云闪长质片麻岩（２．４７Ｇａ）为围岩的上壳岩（＞２．９８Ｇａ）包体中,发育几条近东西走向的韧性变形变质带（２．７Ｇａ）。研究表明,该韧性变形变质带在平面和剖面上均呈舒缓波状,发育糜棱叶理、矿物线理和Ｓ－Ｃ组构。带内的糜棱片麻岩矿物成分复杂且多世代矿物共存。变形前以石榴石、黑云母、斜长石和石英矿物组合为代表,形成温度为５００～５２０℃,压力为０．４ＧＰａ;韧性变形同期以夕线石、石榴石、石墨、黑云母、斜长石和石英矿物组合为代表,形成温度为６３０～７００℃,压力０．５８～０．７２ＧＰａ;变形期后以十字石、石榴石、斜长石和石英矿物组合为代表,形成温度为５８６℃。形成了一条顺时针演化的ｐＴｔ轨迹。这种复杂的糜棱片麻岩是多期变形变质作用叠加的结果。     

超高压变质岩中柯石英→石英相变研究的进展

柯石英是石英的高压同质多相变体，是超高压变质作用的产物，它是识别超高压变质作用的重要标志矿物。柯石英的发现表明了近地表的岩石随板块运动曾被俯冲至地下大于90km的深度并经受了超高压变质作用。研究柯石英→石英相变过程中的微结构变化，对进一步研究超高压变质作用的机理及超高压变质岩折返过程的动力学机制具有重要意义。本文简述了近年来有关超高压变质岩中柯石英→石英相变研究的一些进展。     

相山铀矿田基底变质岩中角闪石榴(斜)黝帘石角岩的发现

在相山铀矿田变质岩区的云母片岩中，发现有脉状岩石产出，定名为角闪石榴（斜）黝帘石角岩。其原岩是基性脉岩。形成该角岩的热变质温度约为640℃，属于低压相系，与本区早一中元古代变质岩的形成条件相当。该热变质作用使早一中元古代变质岩叠加了一次热变质作用，形成了第2期的十字石、铁铝榴石和黑云母等变质矿物。它们依第1期变质矿物的晶格发生连生，也使第1期变质矿物发生了重结晶和自净作用，并趋于自形。这一角岩化基性脉岩的发现，揭示在古生代相山铀矿田变质基底仍然遭受着断裂活动、岩浆活动和变质作用三者相伴随的较为强烈的地质构造作用。     

Insights into chondrule formation process and shock-thermal history of the Dergaon chondrite (H4-5)

The Dergaon fall represents a shock-melted H4-5(S5) ordinary chondrite which includes at least ten textural varieties of chondrules and belongs to the high chondrule-matrix ratio type.Our study reveals that the chondrules are of diverse mineralogy with variable olivine-pyroxene ratios(Type Ⅱ),igneous melt textures developed under variable cooling rates and formed through melt fractionations from two different melt reservoirs.Based on the experimental analogues,mineralogical associations and phase compositions,it is suggested that the Dergaon chondrules reflect two contrasting environments:a hot,dust-enriched and highly oxidized nebular environment through melting,without significant evaporation,and an arrested reducing environment concomitant with major evaporation loss of alkali and highly volatile trace elements.Coexistence of chlorapatite and merrillite suggests formation of the Dergaon matrix in an acidic accretionary environment.Textural integration and chemical homogenization occurred at ~ 1 atmospheric pressure and a mean temperature of 765 C mark the radiogenic thermal event.Equilibrated shock features(olivine mosaicism,diaplectic plagioclase,polycrystalline troilite) due to an impact-induced thermal event reflect a shock pressure 45 GPa and temperature of 600 C.By contrast,the local disequilibrium shock features(silicate melt veins comprising of olivine crystallites,troilite melt veins and metal droplets) correspond to a shock pressure up to 75 GPa and temperature950 ℃.