电子计算机在岩土力学实验测试中的应用

岩土力学是实验性很强的应用学科,它的发展与实验测试技术有着密切的关系.现代电子计算机技术的发展为岩土力学的研究提供了强有力的实验手段.本文就岩土力学实验测试中运用计算机进行数据自动采集和处理,实验过程的自动控制等的优越性,必要条件和适用范围;控制实验过程的基本方法和数学模型;以及如何选择计算机进行系统设计和研制等问题,作一些粗浅的介绍和评述,以促进岩土力学测试技术的现代化.     

电子计算机在岩土力学实验测试中的应用(续)

四、实验系统对计算机的基本要求对实验系统中的计算机有它的特殊要求,这与科学计算、工程数据处理、管理和商用计算机不同,它以满足数据采集处理和自动控制环境的需要为主要目的,对各种性能的要求,概括起来有以下几点:     

岩石力学研究中AE和CT装置的应用——介绍日本京都大学岩石力学研究近况

<正> AE和CT是什么装置?如何能用于岩石力学的研究?以下对它们作简单的介绍。AE是Acoustic Emission的缩写,即声发射。在受荷载作用的岩石内部,微裂纹的扩展或产生新的微裂纹时均有AE发生。日本京都大学工学部资源工学专业开发工学研究室于1979年研制并在以后完善了带时间序列的AE计测系统装置,这样即使岩石蠕变时微裂纹的细小变化,它也能按时标准确地记录下来。有了对应于应力的AE发生的时间序列,就可详细地弄明岩石的破坏过程,从而获得岩石主破坏的前兆信息。     

新型岩石力学测试系统及应用领域

介绍了Ｔｅｒｅａ Ｔｅｋ系统的组成和其主要功能，并针对石油工程和钻探领域应用岩石力学参数领域作了阐述。     

Analysis of Fracture Mechanics Tests on Opalinus Clay

Many studies have recently been conducted to evaluate various mechanical characteristics of the Opalinus Clay (OPA) formation in view of its potential use as the hosting rock for the Swiss nuclear waste repositories. Its sedimentary bedding makes OPA a transversely isotropic rock and its directional mechanical properties need to be measured. This paper reports on an experimental and computational approach that was adopted to define the parallel-to-bedding fracture mechanics (FM) parameters of OPA in Mode-I. OPA cores from Mont Terri Underground Research Laboratory (URL) were submitted to laboratory tests on notched semi-circular specimens under three-point bending (SCB). In these tests, crack propagation is forced along the notch direction. However, the 45° bedding inclination of the specimen axis frequently deviated the crack from the expected direction. An analysis of the SCB tests was performed by means of non-linear FM techniques and the pertinent Mode-I parameters along the bedding were estimated.     

三维岩石力学参数场随机模拟预测方法及应用

以提高油田采油速度为目的的人工压裂裂缝施工改造,对当前广泛应用于求取岩石力学参数的常规测井资料法提出了更高的要求。提出三维岩石力学参数场随机模拟预测的方法,即以已知有限的常规测井资料计算出来的岩石力学参数曲线作为硬数据输入,以已知地震属性数据体及泥页岩水化和岩石环境参数数据作为软数据约束,选择序贯高斯模拟方法,随机模拟得到动态规律变化的岩石力学参数的三维空间数据场,然后由岩石力学参数的三维空间数据场预测空间任一位置的岩石力学参数在井上的测井响应,并把该反映动态规律变化的测井响应按照油田勘探开发的要求输出成特定格式,供生产和工程上使用。该方法为当前岩石力学参数的求取开辟了一条全新的途径,对勘探开发上制定完善的钻井、完井与油气开发方案和技术措施提供重要的指导作用。     

三维图形处理程序TDFEP及在岩石力学中的应用

本文通过介绍Roberts算法的基本思想,给出了经过改进、拓广的新算法。新算法比原有的算法在速度方面更快,在数学表示方面更简单,在应用方面更广泛。利用该算法我们编制了程序TDFEP,并能使它在微机上运行。利用该程序我们可以从空间中不同的位置观察三维物体,并绘制其三维透视图。三维透视图在校核有限元计算中的原始数据方面占有重要地位。它能大大提高整个计算的工作效率。     

3D. Graph Program TDFEP and Its Application to Rock Mechanics

In this paper, the basic idea of Roberts algorithm is presented, and a new improved algorithm is proposed. The new algorithm is faster, simpler and more applicable to many problems than Roberts’ one. Based on this new algorithm, program TDFEP is developed, which is executable on microcomputer. With this program, a three dimensional object can be viewed from any direction in the space, and 3D-perspectives are formed. 3D-perspectives take an important role to check original data of finite element calculation, which can improve the efficiency of the whole calculation process obviously.     

关于发展我国岩石力学的浅见

一、大力发展测试技术研究与测试设备的研制岩石力学基本上是一门实验力学学科,因此提高测试技术水平是发展岩石力学的从基础和必由之路。我国与国际水平的差距,测试技术落后是一个重要的方面,以致对于岩石的某些重要力学特征、物理机制及边界条件,都难以获得可靠的数据和资料,不仅影响了工程实际问题的解决,也影响到岩石力学理论的发展。为此建议:1、集中力量攻克测试技术中的难点,促使测试技术全面迅速地发展。     

多相介质煤岩体力学实验研究

基于自然煤样,水饱和煤样和气,水饱和煤样的三轴对比力学实验得出;自然煤样的弹性模量,抗压强度和体积压缩系数大于饱和水煤样的,饱和水煤样的又大于气,水饱和煤样的,而泊松比则正好相反;平行层理方向的应变大于垂直层理方向的应变;煤吸附气,水介质后,体积发生膨胀,煤体强度和机械能降低,指出了在地面开发煤层气过程中,随着气,水介质的排出,煤基质发生收缩,煤体强度提高,泊松比减少。上覆重力在煤储层水平方向的分量降低,煤储层渗透率得到改善。     

Spalling Experiments on Large Hard Rock Specimens

Specimens of coarse-grained Äspö diorite were axially compressed to observe stress-induced spalling. The specimens had a novel design characterized by two manufactured large radius notches on opposite sides. The tangential stress occurring in the notches aimed to represent the tangential loading around a circular opening. Fracture stages were monitored by acoustic emission measurements. Rock chips were formed similar to those found in situ, which indicates a similar fracture process. Slabs were cut out from the specimens and impregnated using a fluorescent material to visualize the cracks. The cracks were subsequently examined by the naked eye and by means of microscopy images, from which fracture paths could be identified and related to different minerals and their crystallographic orientations. The microscopy analyses showed how the stress field and the microstructure interact. Parallel cracks were formed 2–4 mm below the surface, sub-parallel to the direction of the maximum principal stress. The crack initiation, the roles of minerals such as feldspar, biotite and quartz and their grain boundaries and crystallographic directions are thoroughly studied and discussed in this paper. Scale effects, which relate to the stress gradient and microstructure, are discussed.     

岩土力学文献情报工作的回顾与展望

岩土力学文献情报工作是科研工作的不可分割的一部分。本文简要回顾我所岩土力学文献情报工作及其发展,并提出了今后岩土力学文献情报工作的几点设想。     

Review and Prospect of Information Work on Rock and Soil Mechanics

The information work is a part unable to separate with scientific research of rock and soil mechanics. The review and prospect of information work in out institute are made in brief. Some ideas about the information work for the future are also given in this paper.     

孔隙水压力对岩石力学参数的影响

多孔多相的岩石介质中,孔隙水压力的变化会引起岩石的变形,其力学参数随之改变,而岩石的力学参数变化反过来会引起渗流场发生改变.本文利用岩石力学参数在其中的作用,推导出孔隙水压力变化时,岩石变形与孔隙度、压缩系数和体积弹性模量间的关系式.通过理论计算与分析表明,在渗流场和变形场的非线性程度不很高,参数关系不足很复杂的情况下,利用岩石力学参数的更新来进行耦合分析的方法,对于近期丁程应用行之有效.