葛洲坝红色岩体地质构造特征与岩体强度特性

本文利用岩体力学与地质力学相结合的理论和方法,对葛洲坝红色岩体的地质构造特征与岩体力学特性之间的关系进行了研究,获得了该岩体强度特性及其形成机理。提出了地质构造形迹是构成工程岩体力学问题和形成岩体特性的一个重要因素。本文所采取的研究途径和研究结果,对于岩体工程实践和岩体力学理论研究具有重要意义。     

Relation Between the Geologic Structure Feature and Rock Strength Performance of Red Rocks in Gezhouba

In this paper, the relation is studied between the geologic structnre feature and rock strength by means of the theories and methods of rock mechanics with geomechanics combined. According to geologic structure feature of red rocks in Gezhouba has been obtained the strength performance and constitute mechanism. In this paper, a concept and method which would play an important part in rock engineering and theories of rock mechanics are proposed.     

Distinct element simulation of ultimate bearing capacity in jointed rock foundations

In this paper, distinct element method numerical modeling is applied to evaluate bearing capacity of strip footing rested on anisotropic discontinuous rock mass. As yet, a little work has been carried out to investigate the effect of joint set orientation on the bearing capacity of rock mass. Generally, the overall behavior of rock mass under loading is very complicated and such analysis should include deformation determination, sliding along discontinuities and failure of rock material. Failure mechanism of rock mass depended on both geometrical parameters of joint sets and strength parameters of rock mass. In this research, it is assumed that rock mass contains one joint set, and therefore the anisotropy in bearing capacity and rock behavior is only due to the existence and orientation of the joint set. In this study, by assuming constant strength parameters and using Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion for the single joint set and nonlinear Hoek–Brown failure criterion for rock material, variation of the bearing capacity values and the type of failure mechanism of rock mass with different joint set dips is investigated. The obtained results indicate that the ultimate bearing capacity of rock mass containing one joint set varies between 27 and 86 % of intact rock.     

岩体工程中流变问题的有限元分析

在岩体工程的稳定分析中时间常常是一项不可忽视的因素.但是目前进行的许多非线性分析工作一般说来仅考虑了岩体、节理等应力一应变关系的力学非线性性质和强度特性,对于时间因素很少顾及.特别是根据实测的节理面、软弱夹层等的流变性质进行相应的分析的例子还很少.     

三峡工程地下电站主厂房围岩渗透性研究

利用压水试验资料分析了主厂房区岩体在水平方向和垂直方向的渗透性。在水平方向,主厂房区岩体的渗透性以微透水-弱透水为主,部分甚至不透水,个别岩体中等透水,厂房位于比周边岩体渗透性弱的区域上。在垂直方向,主厂房区大部分岩体的渗透性随深度的增加而递减,但也有小部分岩体的渗透性变化不明显,并非随深度的增加而递减。导致这种现象的原因是这部分岩体中高倾角的裂隙和断层比较发育。在同一高程上,断层端点对岩体透水率有较大的影响,断层端部发育聚集的地方,岩体的透水率大。     

The introduction of neural network system and its applications in rock engineering

The neural network system has been developing very fast recently. It has been widely used in many industries such as automation, nuclear power plant, chemical industry, etc. Neural network systems have a great advantage in dealing with problems in which many factors influence the process and result, and the understanding of this process is poor, and there are experimental data or field data. In rock engineering, many problems are of this nature. In this paper, a brief introduction to neural network systems is given. Problems such as what is a neural network, how it works and what kind of advantages it has are discussed. After this, several applications in rock engineering, made by us, are presented. Case 1 is ore boundary delineation. In this case, the rock are divided into three classes, i.e.: (1) waste rock; (2) semi-ore; and (3) ore for mining purposes. The neural network system built can judge whether it is ore, semi-ore or waste rock along the borehole according its corresponding geophysical logging data, such as gamma-ray, gamma-gamma, neutron and resistivity. Case 2 is aggregate quality prediction. In this case, the quality parameters: (1) impact value; (2) abrasion value I; and (3) abrasion value II are predicted by using a neural network system based on density, point load, content of quarts and content of brittle minerals. Case 3 is rock indentation depth prediction. In this case, the rock indentation depth under indentation load is predicted by the established neural network system based on the indentation load on rock, indenter type and rock mechanical properties, such as uniaxial compressive strength, Young's modulus. Poisson's ratio, critical energy release rate and density. In all these cases, the neural network systems have been applied successfully. The testing results are satisfactory and better than the existing techniques.     

破碎岩体压实特性的三维离散元数值计算方法研究

研究破碎岩体的压实特性是矿井地下工程的基础工作之一,由于破碎岩体所处环境的隐蔽性与危险性,常采用实验室测试和数值计算的研究方法。提出了一种三维破碎岩体模型构建方法,即在3D Voronoi建立完整岩体数值模型的基础上,通过预定孔隙率,随机删除完整岩体中的块体反演破碎岩体结构,测定破碎岩体的压实特性。该方法可较真实地反映破碎岩体的块度特征、碎胀特性与压实特性,与现有研究方法有较高的吻合度,为矿山地下工程的安全控制提供了新的有效的研究方法。     

岩石质量指标的计算机模拟及其风险分析

利用Monte Carlo法在计算机上生成岩体节理网络图，然后建立了模拟计算不同阀值的岩石质量指标RQDt的计算机模拟方法。进一步可作出岩石质量描述图和岩石质量风险分析，分析了岩体中大于10cm的完整岩石的具体分析规律。实例表明，该方法能较全面地描述岩石质量。     

澜沧江某电站右坝肩复杂岩体质量分类

笔者通过对澜沧某电站右岸坝肩复杂岩体的成因进行分析，采用岩体质量指数Z并结合水利水电工程围岩分级和RMR分级等岩体分类方法对电站右岸坝肩的复杂岩体进行了综合分类。     

危岩主控结构面变形破坏的扩展有限元法模拟分析

危岩是三峡库区典型的地质灾害类型之一,主要分为坠落式危岩和倾倒式危岩两种失稳形式,危岩主控结构面受荷断裂扩展是其发育成灾的关键核心。将危岩主控结构面类比为宏观裂纹,运用扩展有限元方法（XFEM）,求解结构面扩展过程的移动非连续问题,探索在荷载作用下危岩主控结构面的断裂扩展行为,以重庆万州太白岩危岩为例,考虑岩石的抗拉强度、主控结构面的几何位置与倾角对危岩的变形破坏模式与稳定性的影响。结果表明,随着岩石抗拉强度的降低,危岩的稳定性程度降低;随着主控结构面倾角的减小,危岩的稳定性程度提高,同时结构面开裂路径也明显改变;危岩体两种失稳模式的破坏机制都为拉剪机制,相对于倾倒式危岩,同等条件下坠落式危岩的稳定性更差。     

Safety Management Based on Detection of Possible Rock Bursts by AE Monitoring during Tunnel Excavation

Summary. As underground development continues at great depths, the danger of rock bursts will inevitably increase. It is important to consider countermeasures for avoiding rock bursts in underground work. In Japan, rock bursts have actually been experienced during construction of several tunnels, including the Kan-etsu tunnel construction project, during which many rock bursts were observed. Stress analysis of tunnels is performed based on initial stress measurements in the base rock. In addition, AE measurement has been adopted in construction management, allowing safer excavation. Collective analysis of the data obtained has been shown to be effective for safety control during excavation of hard base rock. In this research, initial stress measurements in base rock, secondary stress analysis around a tunnel, and AE measurements are examined. Based on the results of this analysis, it is clear that the generation of rock bursts is related to the presence of geological discontinuities.     

压剪应力作用下多裂隙岩体的力学特性—断裂损伤演化方程及试验验证

首先对多裂隙岩体的损伤加以定义，在建立裂纹扩展时产生等效次生裂纹模型的基础上，对多裂隙岩体受荷后发生断裂损伤时其演化方程进行探讨，最后通过大型岩体相似模型试验对理论计算结果分析验证，理论计算与试验结果吻合较好。     

多尺度内聚颗粒模型破碎过程研究

岩石破碎过程涉及到多个变量（应力、应变和孔隙率等）变化和裂纹的产生、拓展和聚集,是研究岩石破碎机制的重要途径。为了克服现有研究中岩石颗粒模型未考虑岩石内部特征问题,针对岩石内部颗粒非均匀分布、聚集的特点,开展了岩石轴压破碎试验和岩石岩相分析试验,并在此基础上,构建符合真实岩石内部特征的多尺度内聚颗粒模型。根据离散元的颗粒黏结模型（BPM）理论,求解了多尺度内聚颗粒模型不同粒级颗粒间黏结键的力学关系,发现与二级颗粒形成的黏结键断裂判据为 ≥ 2 GPa,三级颗粒之间形成的黏结键断裂判据为 ≥ 6 GPa,并基于该判据建立了用于模拟颗粒模型破碎的演化模型。通过模拟轴压破碎试验,破碎演化模型可以从细观角度得到颗粒模型各颗粒间黏结键承受力的实时变化和岩石破碎过程中黏结键从外而内的断裂顺序;从宏观角度得到岩石内部裂纹呈V形从上表面两端延伸并相交于岩石中部。通过与岩石轴压破碎试验结果对比发现,模拟试验得到的岩石裂纹特征与岩石轴压破碎试验结果相似,验证模型的可靠性,实现了从细观和宏观角度分析岩石破碎过程。     

危岩稳定性计算新体系

地质灾害防治研究中,危岩的研究相对较为薄弱,稳定性计算模型体系不够完善。本文在五个常用计算模型的基础上,增加了后缘有贯通陡倾裂隙的滑移式、双结构面滑移式、后缘无陡倾裂隙且形似悬臂梁的坠落式、上缘岩体抗拉强度控制的坠落式四个新的计算模型,形成了危岩稳定性计算模型新体系。依托工程实例对后缘有贯通陡倾裂隙的滑移式危岩新计算模型的稳定性进行运用验证,即:基于刚体力学的极限平衡法计算求出不同工况下危岩单体的稳定性系数,再基于FLAC3D运用摩尔-库伦模型对该危岩单体进行数值模拟,计算求出其在两种不同工况的稳定系数,两种方法相互印证其可靠性。     

庐山地区新元古代海相火山活动及岩石特征

庐山南麓发育一套变细碧－石英角斑岩系火山岩,岩性组合从早到晚反映了由基性到酸性的岩浆演化规律。火山活动具有由喷发相（喷溢亚相）→喷发－沉积相的特点,构成了具有韵律性的火山喷发特征。经同位素年代研究属晋宁期火山喷发产物,时代归属为新元古代早期。     

隧道掌子面超前锚杆连续交替式布设方案研究

在软弱围岩隧道中掌子面不稳定问题十分常见。掌子面超前锚杆作为一种重要的掌子面支护手段,目前常规采用的间断式布设方案存在锚杆的支护效果会随隧道推进过程中其支护状态的变化而忽强忽弱的问题。针对这一问题,本文提出了一种连续交替式掌子面超前锚杆布设方案。该方案将掌子面上的所有锚杆布设点位均等划分成若干个部分,在隧道推进过程中进行连续逐部分交替布设,使隧道在推进过程中锚杆支护状态更趋均匀稳定。为系统性评价新方案的可行性,以渭武高速木寨岭公路隧道为工程依托,在掌子面锚杆用量处于相同水平的条件下,分别对常规的间断式布设方案以及新提出的连续交替式布设方案进行设计。并进一步借助FLAC^3D数值模拟平台,对掌子面超前锚杆采用两种不同布设方案时,对于掌子面变形以及地层变形的控制效果进行对比。结果表明,常规间断式锚杆布设方案对于掌子面变形以及地层变形的控制效果并不稳定,受支护状态变化的影响较大,而新提出的连续交替式布设方案可以在不提高支护成本的前提下,将隧道推进过程中掌子面超前锚杆对于掌子面变形以及地层变形的控制效果维持在稳定水平,且均显著高于常规方案的最低水平,克服了常规布设方案支护效...     

基于渗流-损伤-应力耦合作用下考虑力学参数弱化的巷道围岩变形破坏分析

地下工程岩体渗流-损伤-应力耦合问题的研究对于巷道围岩的稳定性分析具有重要意义。本文在总结分析了巷道变形破坏类型影响因素的基础上,基于弹塑性力学、渗流力学以及损伤理论建立了岩体渗流-损伤-应力耦合模型。该模型充分考虑了多物理场耦合过程中,工程岩体的非均质性,岩体力学参数发生的动态弱化过程,围岩塑性屈服的峰后特性以及渗透系数在损伤过程中的突变性。基于多物理场耦合软件,数值模拟结果分析得到,使用该模型能更好地反映巷道围岩的屈服破坏程度和渐进破坏过程。应用该模型分析不同深度下的巷道围岩渐进性破坏过程可以得出:水平地应力为主导的地层中的巷道,屈服破坏主要发生在顶拱和底板,竖直地应力为主导的地层中的巷道,屈服破坏主要发生在两侧边墙,水平地应力和竖直地应力相近的地层中,巷道四周均发生不同程度的破坏,这与工程实际有很好的符合。     

Stability Analysis of Rock Slopes Against Block-Flexure Toppling Failure

Block-flexure is the most common type of toppling failure in rock slopes. In this case, some rock blocks fail due to tensile bending stresses and some overturn under their own weights. In this paper, first, a literature review of toppling failures is summarized. Then, a theoretical model is proposed for rock slopes with a potential for block-flexure toppling instability. Next, a new analytical approach is presented for the stability analysis of such slopes. Finally, a special computer code is developed for a quick stability assessment of the failures based on the proposed method. This code receives the rock slope parameters from the user as the input data and predicts its stability, along with the corresponding factor of safety against the failure, as the output. In addition, two case studies are used for practical verification of the proposed approach and the corresponding computer code as well.     

Development of a New Index to Assess the Rock Mass Drillability

Knowledge of drillability of rock masses in engineering projects is very important in determining drilling costs. In drilling operations, so many parameters such as the properties of rock and the drilling equipment affect the drilling performance. In this study, after discussing the rock mass drillability process and identifying all the effective parameters, interaction matrixes based on the rock engineering systems, that analyze the interrelationship between the parameters affecting rock engineering activities, is introduced to study the rock mass drillability tribosystem. Given that interaction matrix codes are not unique numbers, and then possible interactive intensities are calculated for each matrix and a group decision-making method, Fuzzy–Delphi–AHP technique has been used to obtain appropriate weights. As a result, rock mass drillability index (RMDI) is presented to classify the rock mass drillability. The results indicate the ability of this method to analyze rock mass drillability procedure. Drilling data along with laboratory rock properties from Sungun copper mine were collected and were ranked according to the new classification system. Fifteen zones at the mine site were ranked based upon the new index RMDI and a reasonable correlation was obtained between measured drilling rate at the zones and RMDI data.