车载激光点云道路边界提取的Snake方法

针对车载激光点云中道路边界提取困难,自动化程度低的问题,提出一种基于离散点Snake的车载激光点云道路边界提取方法。不同于传统基于图像建立Snake,本文直接基于离散点建立Snake模型。先利用伪轨迹点数据,确定初始轮廓位置,参数化不同类型的道路边界初始轮廓;然后基于离散点构建适合多类型道路边界的Snake模型,定义模型内部、外部和约束能量,通过能量函数最小化推动轮廓曲线移动到显著道路边界特征点处,实现不同道路边界的精细提取。本文试验采用3份不同城市场景的车载激光点云数据验证本文方法的有效性,道路边界提取结果的准确率达到97.62%,召回率达到98.04%,F1-Measure值达到97.83%以上,且提取的道路边界结果与软件交互提取的结果有较好的吻合度。试验结果表明,本文方法能够修正噪声、断裂等数据质量对道路边界提取的影响,能够实现各类复杂城市环境中不同形状道路边界的提取,具有较强的稳健性和适用性。     

格网邻域滤波在车载激光点云道路边线提取中的方法研究

结合城市车载激光扫描点云道路数据与地物点各自的特点和空间分布,用路面点云控制道路两侧地物点云进行滤波,从而实现道路路面点和地物点的分离,并根据城市道路中含有高出路面边缘的路缘石的结构特性设置阈值来提取路缘石,通过设置合适的格网及其邻域格网中点的密度特性进一步滤波路缘石,生成道路边线。     

基于LightGBM的车载激光点云电力线快速提取方法

以车载激光点云数据为对象,提出一种基于轻型梯度增强学习器LightGBM(Light Gradient Boosting Machine)的电力线快速提取方法。该方法首先分析车载激光点云邻域范围内电力线和其他地物类型的基本特征,构建描述电力线点云的特征向量;其次训练基于LightGBM模型的电力线点云分类器,用于提取车载激光点云中的电力线;最后选择3个车载激光点云数据集对该方法的有效性进行了测试。实验结果表明:所提方法的分类效果与最优的梯度提升决策树GBDT(Gradient Boosting Decision Tree)算法持平,但时间效率上有显著提升,仅为GBDT方法的27.29%。同时,所提出的算法能够从海量的车载激光点云中快速提取电力线,可以用于支撑城市中电力线巡查与改造应用需求,具有重要的实践意义。     

基于车载激光点云的道路路面提取

针对车载激光点云提取道路路面存在的问题,提出了一种基于Otsu算法和区域生长分割的道路提取方法.使用Otsu算法自适应计算出高程分割阈值,实现非地面点过滤;在此基础上,基于PCA算法和局部拟合平面的方法估算出点云的法向量和曲率值,然后将曲率最小值作为种子点,法向量夹角和曲率阈值作为约束条件,采用改进的区域生长分割算法实...     

基于多损失融合和混洗注意力的车载LiDAR点云道路标线提取方法

道路标线的准确提取在高级辅助驾驶系统和高精度地图的开发中具有重要意义。针对现有的基于阈值的车载激光点云道路标线提取方法在反射强度与点密度分布不均、道路标线与路面对比度低时提取效果较差的问题,本文提出了基于多损失融合和混洗注意力的车载LiDAR点云道路标线提取方法。选取典型高速公路试验样区进行道路标线提取试验,并与常规方法进行了精度对比分析。试验表明,本文方法在道路标线提取精度方面优于其他方法,有望更好地服务于自动驾驶的高精度地图开发应用。     

基于车载激光点云数据的行道树提取方法

针对道路车载激光扫描点云数据中行道树与其他地物相互遮掩,存在杆状物分类困难的情况,本文提出了一种基于车载激光扫描数据的行道树自动提取方法。首先,构建格网并地形点云滤波,提取非地面点,从而提升后续算法的运算效率;其次,在非地面点的基础上构建空间体元进行邻域分析,提取树干点云,同时建立树冠分层点云投影面积理论,提取得到树冠点云;最后,使用改进分割算法进一步修正树冠点云归属,实现行道树的单体化。使用两组不同类型道路点云数据进行实验,结果显示本文算法提取行道树的平均提取完整率与正确提取率分别为90.73%、91.22%,较对比方法具有一定优势,为行道树的高效、快速、准确提取提供了新的思路。     

基于车载激光点云数据的道路模型重建

在SSW车载激光扫描点云数据的基础上,研究了提取道路边线点集的方法,并对道路边线点进行均匀抽稀,最后按照道路纵断面shape构建道路模型。试验表明该方法能成功地提取出道路边线点,建立道路模型。     

车载激光扫描数据的高速道路自动提取方法

针对车载激光扫描技术存在数据量大、点云散乱、目标复杂以及地物相互遮挡等问题,该文提出一种从车载激光扫描数据中高速道路自动提取方法。①对激光点云进行基于扫描线的自适应滤波,剔除路面点。②对于滤波后激光点云数据,使用平滑度约束下的欧式聚类算法进行聚类。③对道路边界进行优化追踪,提取出完整的道路边界和道路面。实验结果表明,本文方法能够快速准确地提取高速公路道路边界和路面点云,提取结果的准确率、完整率和检测质量分别为97.52%、94.23%和92.69%。     

车载激光扫描数据的结构化道路自动提取方法

车载激光扫描系统获取的结构化道路环境(城市道路/高速公路)点云数据量大、目标复杂,难以有效提取出道路的点云.本文通过分析扫描线上激光点云的空间分布和统计特征,提出一种适用于结构化道路环境的道路点云自动提取方法.在Optech公司提供的两份车载激光扫描点云数据中,道路提取结果的完整率、准确率、提取质量相应地超过94.92％、95.80％和91.13％.通过定量和定性的试验分析,该方法不仅适应于有固定道路宽度的规则道路提取,同样适用于无固定宽度的非规则道路提取.     

车载激光扫描的三维道路自动提取方法

车载激光扫描系统获取的复杂道路环境点云数据量大、目标复杂,难以有效提取出道路的点云。本文通过分析扫描线上激光点云的空间分布和统计特征,提出一种适用于复杂道路环境的道路点云自动提取方法。该方法首先根据点的扫描角度或GPS时间信息提取扫描线;利用移动窗口法进行高程滤波,提取地面点云,然后采用基于路坎模型的移动窗口法提取路坎点;利用局部区域相邻扫描线的相似性特点,对提取的路坎点云进行跟踪和优化;最后利用优化后的路坎作为道路的边界实现道路路面精确提取。经过实验和分析,该方法不仅适应于有固定道路宽度的结构化道路提取,同样适用于无固定宽度的复杂道路提取。     

车载激光扫描数据中实线型交通标线提取

本文提出一种基于路面点云强度增强的车载激光点云实线型交通标线提取方法。首先通过预处理提取路面点云,获取各激光点与轨迹线的距离。然后逐段对路面进行强度增强,集合多滤波器集成的策略进行强度变换和去噪,消除距离、点密度、磨损等因素对反射强度值影响,增强路面点云和标线的强度差异。基于增强后的反射强度,采用k均值聚类和连通分支聚类等方法对标线进行分割,并利用归一化图割方法优化强度分割结果。最后利用实线型标线的语义信息和空间分布特征从分割后标线对象中识别实线型交通标线。试验采用四份不同车载激光扫描系统获取的数据用于验证本文方法有效性,实线型标线提取结果的准确率达到95.98%,召回率达到91.87%,综合评价指标F 1-Measure值达到95.55%以上。试验结果表明本文方法能够有效增强受扫描距离、路面磨损及点密度分布不均等因素影响的点云强度信息,实现不同车载激光扫描获取的复杂道路环境下实线型交通标线的提取。     

先验知识引导的车载激光扫描点云道路信息提取

文章研究利用先验知识从车载激光扫描点云数据中提取道路信息:使用改进的不规则三角网渐进加密滤波方法对点云滤波;将地面点投影到水平面上,利用行车轨迹提取道路主轴线;然后生成高程差分特征图像,以主轴线为基准进行平面生长获得道路面;并根据反射强度,进一步获得道路边界和道路标识线等信息.最后使用两景车载激光扫描点云数据验证了方法的可行性和有效性.     

Semi-automated extraction and delineation of 3D roads of street scene from mobile laser scanning point clouds

Accurate 3D road information is important for applications such as road maintenance and virtual 3D modeling. Mobile laser scanning (MLS) is an efficient technique for capturing dense point clouds that can be used to construct detailed road models for large areas. This paper presents a method for extracting and delineating roads from large-scale MLS point clouds. The proposed method partitions MLS point clouds into a set of consecutive “scanning lines”, which each consists of a road cross section. A moving window operator is used to filter out non-ground points line by line, and curb points are detected based on curb patterns. The detected curb points are tracked and refined so that they are both globally consistent and locally similar. To evaluate the validity of the proposed method, experiments were conducted using two types of street-scene point clouds captured by Optech’s Lynx Mobile Mapper System. The completeness, correctness, and quality of the extracted roads are over 94.42%, 91.13%, and 91.3%, respectively, which proves the proposed method is a promising solution for extracting 3D roads from MLS point clouds.     

A shape-based segmentation method for mobile laser scanning point clouds

Segmentation of mobile laser point clouds of urban scenes into objects is an important step for post-processing (e.g., interpretation) of point clouds. Point clouds of urban scenes contain numerous objects with significant size variability, complex and incomplete structures, and holes or variable point densities, raising great challenges for the segmentation of mobile laser point clouds. This paper addresses these challenges by proposing a shape-based segmentation method. The proposed method first calculates the optimal neighborhood size of each point to derive the geometric features associated with it, and then classifies the point clouds according to geometric features using support vector machines (SVMs). Second, a set of rules are defined to segment the classified point clouds, and a similarity criterion for segments is proposed to overcome over-segmentation. Finally, the segmentation output is merged based on topological connectivity into a meaningful geometrical abstraction. The proposed method has been tested on point clouds of two urban scenes obtained by different mobile laser scanners. The results show that the proposed method segments large-scale mobile laser point clouds with good accuracy and computationally effective time cost, and that it segments pole-like objects particularly well.     

激光雷达数据的建筑物光伏潜力评估

针对如何规模化、定量化评估城市建筑物尺度光伏发电潜力,充分、有效利用太阳能资源,实现建筑物能源自给自足目标的问题,该文通过利用机载激光雷达数据,批量获取建筑物屋顶相关信息,借助三维立体模型确定太阳能板的安装区域,进行区域建筑物表面光伏发电潜力评估。以山东建筑大学校园内13栋建筑物屋顶为例,基于ArcGISPro提供的太阳辐射分析工具获取实验区域2016年逐月太阳辐射数据。实验结果显示,该区域年均太阳辐射强度为1160.7kW·h/m2,通过实例分析验证了基于建筑物表面的光伏发电容量在建筑物能源供给中具有重要作用。同时,文章对实验区域建筑物光伏发电潜力月度容量进行分析,得出一年中的高峰时段为5—7月,而冬季的11月份到次年2月份是低谷期。文章利用机载激光雷达数据批量获取建筑物屋顶定量信息,对区域建筑物尺度光伏发电潜力评估做了初步的尝试及若干思考,实践证明该方法是引导太阳能资源开发利用的一种有效途径。     

基于激光扫描点云的隧道断面提取方法

传统断面测量方法存在效率低、精度差等特点,为优化断面测量方法,提出利用地面激光点云提取断面的方法。其主要包括:中轴线拟合、点云分割、断面提取三步骤。在基于点云双向投影确定初始中轴线的基础上,运用弦高偏移算法,提取骨架特征拐点,对中轴线分段再次拟合,获取二次中轴线;点云分割是基于隧道中轴线进行的,对隧道的点云数据进行连续分割,对截取的断面进行椭圆拟合。实验表明,通过此方法快速提取中轴线上任意位置的断面。     

基于罗德里格矩阵的三维激光扫描点云配准算法

本文提出了一种基于罗德里格矩阵的激光扫描点云配准直接计算方法.利用反对称矩阵和罗德里格矩阵的性质,用3个独立参数代替3个旋转角参数建立一种新旋转矩阵解算模型,推导出旋转变换误差方程,确定平移参数的计算公式.通过实验分析了坐标转换模型的精度和点云配准效果,结果表明该算法精度高,计算过程简单,可以准确地解算出三维坐标转换参数.     

Automated road markings extraction from mobile laser scanning data

Road markings are used to provide guidance and instruction to road users for safe and comfortable driving. Enabling rapid, cost-effective and comprehensive approaches to the maintenance of route networks can be greatly improved with detailed information about location, dimension and condition of road markings. Mobile Laser Scanning (MLS) systems provide new opportunities in terms of collecting and processing this information. Laser scanning systems enable multiple attributes of the illuminated target to be recorded including intensity data. The recorded intensity data can be used to distinguish the road markings from other road surface elements due to their higher retro-reflective property. In this paper, we present an automated algorithm for extracting road markings from MLS data. We describe a robust and automated way of applying a range dependent thresholding function to the intensity values to extract road markings. We make novel use of binary morphological operations and generic knowledge of the dimensions of road markings to complete their shapes and remove other road surface elements introduced through the use of thresholding. We present a detailed analysis of the most applicable values required for the input parameters involved in our algorithm. We tested our algorithm on different road sections consisting of multiple distinct types of road markings. The successful extraction of these road markings demonstrates the effectiveness of our algorithm.     

3D change detection at street level using mobile laser scanning point clouds and terrestrial images

Automatic change detection and geo-database updating in the urban environment are difficult tasks. There has been much research on detecting changes with satellite and aerial images, but studies have rarely been performed at the street level, which is complex in its 3D geometry. Contemporary geo-databases include 3D street-level objects, which demand frequent data updating. Terrestrial images provides rich texture information for change detection, but the change detection with terrestrial images from different epochs sometimes faces problems with illumination changes, perspective distortions and unreliable 3D geometry caused by the lack of performance of automatic image matchers, while mobile laser scanning (MLS) data acquired from different epochs provides accurate 3D geometry for change detection, but is very expensive for periodical acquisition. This paper proposes a new method for change detection at street level by using combination of MLS point clouds and terrestrial images: the accurate but expensive MLS data acquired from an early epoch serves as the reference, and terrestrial images or photogrammetric images captured from an image-based mobile mapping system (MMS) at a later epoch are used to detect the geometrical changes between different epochs. The method will automatically mark the possible changes in each view, which provides a cost-efficient method for frequent data updating. The methodology is divided into several steps. In the first step, the point clouds are recorded by the MLS system and processed, with data cleaned and classified by semi-automatic means. In the second step, terrestrial images or mobile mapping images at a later epoch are taken and registered to the point cloud, and then point clouds are projected on each image by a weighted window based z-buffering method for view dependent 2D triangulation. In the next step, stereo pairs of the terrestrial images are rectified and re-projected between each other to check the geometrical consistency between point clouds and stereo images. Finally, an over-segmentation based graph cut optimization is carried out, taking into account the color, depth and class information to compute the changed area in the image space. The proposed method is invariant to light changes, robust to small co-registration errors between images and point clouds, and can be applied straightforwardly to 3D polyhedral models. This method can be used for 3D street data updating, city infrastructure management and damage monitoring in complex urban scenes.