Uplift and evolution of Helan Mountain

The Helan Mountain lies in the northwest margin of Ordos Basin and its uplift periods have close relations with the tectonic feature and evolution of the basin. There are many views on the uplift time of Helan Mountain, which is Late Triassic and Late Jurassic. It is concluded by the present strata, magmatic rock and hot fluid distribution that the Helan Mountain does not uplift in Late Triassic to Middle Jurassic but after Middle Jurassic. Through the research of the sedimentary strata and deposit rate in Yinchuan Graben which is near to the Helan Mountain, it is proved that the Helan Mountain uplifts in Eocene with a huge scale and in Pliocene with a rapid speed. The fission track analysis of apatite and zircon can be used to determine the precise uplift time of Helan Mountain, which shows that four stages of uplifting or cooling Late Jurassic to the early stage of Early Cretaceous, mid-late stage of Early Cretaceous, Late Cretaceous and since Eocene. During the later two stages the uplift is most apparent and the mid-late stage of Early Cretaceous is a regional cooling course. Together with several analysis ways, it is considered that the earliest time of Helan Mountain uplift is Late Jurassic with a limited scale and that Late Cretaceous uplift is corresponding to the whole uplift of Ordos Basin, extensive uplift happened in Eocene and rapid uplift in Pliocene.     

贺兰山寒武系研究新进展

贺兰山寒武系早期苏屿口组为砂、砾混杂和不等粒结构的水下冲积扇沉积;五道塘组为下古生界碳酸盐台地沉积,其下部为含泥中、细粒砂屑和生物碎屑,中、上部为含不同形态的核形石碳酸盐岩组成;陶思沟组为发育水下流动波痕和水上暴露泥裂构造碳酸盐岩与细碎屑岩系的混合沉积;胡鲁斯台组和阿不切亥组为陆表海与“风暴海”沉积.根据该区与华北地台的对比,首次提出贺兰山寒武纪早期的苏屿口组古地理面貌应是西低东高,而非传统认为的西高东低;寒武纪早期的五道塘组、陶思沟组古地理面貌则为西高东低.     

Pattern and timing of late Cenozoic rapid exhumation and uplift of the Helan Mountain,China

The Helan Mountain, an intraplate deformation belt in the North China Craton, is located in the northern portion of the China North-South seismic belt, and at the northwestern margin of the Ordos Block. The Cenozoic deformation history of the Helan Mountain is characterized by extension along the eastern Helan Mountain fault (EHSF), resulting in the exhumation and uplift of the Helan Mountain, relative to the rifting of the adjacent Yinchuan Basin. Here we present new apatite fission track (AFT) data from several transects adjacent to the EHSF in the central and northern Helan Mountain. AFT ages from the northern Helan Mountain (Dawukou and Zhengyiguan transects) range from 10 Ma to 89 Ma, whereas AFT ages from the southern Helan Mountain (Suyukou transect) are greater than 71 Ma. The AFT data analysis reveals initiation of rapid uplift and exhumation of the Helan Mountain at 10–12 Ma. Additionally, a plot of the AFT ages versus their mean track length shows a distinctive "boomerang" pattern indicating that the Helan Mountain experienced a discrete phase of accelerated exhumation beginning at 10-12 Ma. Spatially, AFT samples systematically increase in age away from the EHSF and are consistent with late Cenozoic exhumation that was slow in the southwestern Helan Mountain and rapid in the northeastern Helan Mountain, as well more rapid adjacent to the EHSF and slower away from the EHSF. Obviously, the spatial distribution of late Cenozoic exhumation indicates that normal faulting of the EHSF is related to southwestward tilting and rapid exhumation of the Helan Mountain beginning at 10–12 Ma. The uplift and exhumation of the Helan Mountain was a response to the intensive extension of the northwestern margin of the Ordos Block in the late Cenozoic; this occurred under a regional extensional stress field oriented NW-SE along the Yinchuan-Jilantai-Hetao and the Weihe-Shanxi graben systems adjacent to the Ordos Block.     

贺兰山中段震旦系盖帽白云岩的沉积特征、区域对比及意义

2011年,作者在贺兰山中段腰坝配件厂地区进行1∶5万区域地质调查时发现了震旦系盖帽白云岩,进而研究了其沉积特征、碳氧同位素组成和时代,并与该区紫花沟兔儿坑组白云岩、华南和华北地台南缘相应地层进行对比.结果表明,盖帽白云岩为含陆源细碎屑白云岩,与兔儿坑组白云岩相近;其δ13C值为-4.7‰～0.79‰,且自下而上呈下降趋势;其时代与华南震旦系下、中部相当,与华北地台南缘震旦系罗圈组的沉积特征和古地理环境相近;与全球Gaskiers冰期有相关性.这对华北地台的古构造、古地理、古气候及动物演化“源头”的研究有重要意义.     

贺兰山中段奥陶系米钵山组砂岩地球化学及构造背景分析

本文利用奥陶系米钵山组砂岩地球化学分析,结合区域地质研究,探讨贺兰山中、晚奥陶世的构造环境。贺兰山中段奥陶系米钵山组砂岩的地球化学研究表明,砂岩的siO2平均含量为81．3％;A120。／Si02值0．07～0．11,平均值为0．08;K20／Na20值变化较大,最大60．7,一般介于4．79～7．81;Fe2O3＋MgO含量较低,介于2．1％～2．81％。砂岩微量元素Nb丰度及V／（V＋Ni）与Ce／La、Sr／Ba值均较高,说明砂岩沉积于湿热、还原、低盐度环境,具有大陆型沉积特征。砂岩稀土元素富集,含量在116×10^-6～195×10^-6之间,平均值为158×10～;8Eu为0．52～0．58,具显著的负铕异常。这些数据指示了米钵山组具有重力流快速堆积的特征和大量陆源补给,浊流沉积作用是重力流携带陆源物质的主要途径。通过多种构造环境判别图解分析,显示物源区地质构造具有被动大陆边缘性质。     

Wave characteristics and tectonic-sedimentation evolution of foreland thrust fault of Micang Mountain

In this paper,the technology of wave process method for sedimentation is first adopted in the research of the foreland thrust fault of Micang Mountain with respect of oil and reservoir’s formation and tectonic and sedimentary evolution. From the fluctuation characteristics,we could make conclusions in the foreland thrust belt of Micang Mountain that,there existed 2 first-order sedimentary cycles (220 Ma),corresponding to Caledonian-Hercynian and Indo-Chinese-Yanshan-Himalayan tectonic cycles respec-tively; there existed 4 second-order sedimentary cycles (10 Ma),corresponding to two sedimentation peak period and two denudation peak periods in research zone; there existed 12 third-order sedimen-tary cycles (35 Ma) and 21 fourth-sedimentary cycles (20 Ma). These 33 cycles in the research zone corresponded to the sedimentation-denudation process in different periods,furthermore,their fluctua-tion characteristics bore the genetic relationship with the development law of source,reservoir and cap rocks: the source rock had the tendency to develop at the turning part between wave crest and wave trough,or at the superposition of wave turning part in different periods,presenting like "X"; most res-ervoir rocks developed at the place of wave peak; the development of cap rock was located in the wave trough on the right of sedimentation-denudation datum line. As a result,through the application of wave process method for sedimentation,we could rediscover the understanding of the tectonic and sedimentary evolution from another prospective,meanwhile,it enables to make prediction about the development rule of source,reservoir and cap rocks,which means a significant importance to the re-search of oil and reservoir’s forming condition.     

贺兰山、秦岭山脉新生代伸展隆升及断层摩擦生热磷灰石裂变径迹分析

本文利用磷灰石裂变径迹（AFT）热年代学分析方法对贺兰山和秦岭山脉新生代快速伸展隆升的时间、剥露作用的空间分布特征、隆升模式及机制进行了研究,揭示了贺兰山和秦岭山脉晚新生代的快速伸展隆升作用,测定了晚新生代与伸展变形有关的剥露作用的空间分布特征,为贺兰山和秦岭山脉晚新生代快速隆升的模式提供了很好的约束。     

Sardinia Coastal Uplift and Volcanism

The low variability of MIS 5.5 sea level (M.I.S = Marine Isotopic Stage) with respect to the present day sea level, allows the Sardinian coast to be used as an eustatic reference for the entire Mediterranean region. This level is generally at 7 ± 2 m above current sea level along the Sardinian coast. One sector along the Orosei Gulf (eastern Sardinia) includes a characteristic and well conserved tidal notch that changes in elevation from 7.6 to 11.5 m over only 30 km, tilting upwards towards the north. Generally, height deviations of such a tidal notch would be due to tectonic or volcanic activity. The Sardinia coast however, is considered to have too little tectonic activity, and also too small post-glacial rebound in order to explain the anomaly. The remaining possibility is Neogene-Quaternary continental and/or submarine volcanic activity, which we investigate as a possible cause for the observed anomalies. In this paper, our goal is to explain the anomaly by modelling recent volcanic loading or updoming related to magmatic intrusion emplacement. We review the literature on the recent volcanic deposits, both on-shore and off-shore, and investigate to what extent volcanic loads can influence the coastline from a theoretical standpoint, using the isostatic flexure model and a range of loads. We find that the observed notch height anomaly cannot be explained by volcanic loading, but must be produced by an upward welling due to the emplacement of volcanic material, as produced for instance by a laccolith or batholith. The upward movement could be related to the submarine volcano only recently detected, or to a source located on the eastern Sardinia coast near Orosei.     

梵净山九龙池沉积物氮同位素组成与全新世气候演变过程

湖泊沉积物氮同位素(δ¹⁵N)在古环境、古气候变化方面有着指示气候干湿变化的重要作用,但目前学界对于δ¹⁵N记录作为气候代用指标所指示的气候干湿变化特征仍缺乏深入探索。本文以贵州省梵净山九龙池湖泊沉积物为研究对象,分析并探讨δ¹⁵N所记录的梵净山地区气候干湿变化过程与特征,并结合总有机碳(TOC)、总氮(TN)和碳氮比值(C/N)数据进行对比研究,结果表明:(1)由于九龙池湖泊沉积物有机质受流域输入影响,气候湿润时,陆生植物增多,土壤湿度增大,外源输入对湖泊沉积物有机质影响增大,沉积物δ¹⁵N值偏负;气候干旱时,陆生植物减少,土壤湿度降低,外源输入对湖泊沉积物有机质影响减小,沉积物δ¹⁵N值偏正;(2)九龙池湖泊沉积物δ¹⁵N记录很好地揭示了梵净山地区全新世的气候干湿变化过程,即早期(11.5—9.2 ka B.P.)亚洲夏季风增强,气候从干旱期向湿润期转变,中期(9.2—3.0 ka B.P.)亚洲夏季风强盛,气候整体处于湿润期,晚期(3.0—2.2 k...     

Uplift in hammer foundations

Response of hammer foundations to the blows of the head is analyzed allowing for the uplift of both the anvil and the foundation block. Damping as well as stiffness of the system are accounted for in a rational way. The validity of the response prediction on the basis of the standard theory in which uplift is omitted, is examined. One and two mass systems are considered. The theory is compared with the results of tests conducted with a hammer foundation in operation.     

祁连山西端GL值动态演化特征与强震预测

用地震活动非均匀度GL值作参数,使用1980-2011年祁连山西端M≥3．0地震资料进行GL值的空间扫描。结果表明,祁连山地区74％的M≥5地震前1—2年,在未来震中周围均有GL值异常出现,用R值对其进行评分,可以通过检验。     

Carboniferous tectono-magmatic evolution of the northern Luliang arc: evidence from geochemistry and petrography of Carboniferous volcanic rocks in the northern Luliang Uplift,NW China

The Northern Junggar Basin experienced extensive subduction and a complex tectono-magmatic evolution during the Late Paleozoic,resulting in a heterogeneous distribution of volcanic rocks in the Junggar Basin.In this study,the Carboniferous tectono-magmatic evolution of the northern Luliang arc was described by exploring the petrography and geochemistry of Carboniferous volcanic rocks collected from well Y-2 and outcrop WW' in the northern Luliang Uplift.The distribution,types,and formation ages of these volcanic rocks were characterized and the volcanic sequence in well Y-1 was divided into upper and lower parts according to vertical variations in selected geochemical data.Then the petrogenesis and tectonic settings of different volcanic rocks were evaluated and this was used to infer the tectonomagmatic evolution of the northern Luliang arc during the Carboniferous.The results indicate that:(1) Carboniferous high-K calc-alkali andesite-dacite associations are distributed in the west of the northern Luliang Uplift,and Lower Carboniferous calc-alkali basalt-dacite-rhyolite assemblages are preserved in its east.(2) The intermediateacid volcanic rocks in wells Y-1 and Y-2 were derived from calc-alkali basaltic magma through melting of the juvenile lower crust,and geochemical variations indicate increasing addition of slab melting in a subduction-related arc environment.The bimodal volcanic rocks from outcrop WW' were derived from lithospheric underplating of basaltic magma in an intra-arc extensional setting.(3) The closure of the eastern Keramaili Oceanic basin occurred before the Early Carboniferous,and the tectono-magmatic difference between the east and the west of the northern Luliang Uplift appeared before the Carboniferous period.     

Uplift in seismic response of pile supported buildings

To resist seismic overturning moments piles are often designed for tensile forces which require pile connection to the cap and sometimes, socketing. For typical buildings, this paper theoretically examines the effect of these measures on seismic response, forces and pile loading in dependence on pile numbers, configuration and tip conditions.     

吉林龙岗火山区形变特征与隆升机理分析

吉林龙岗火山区是第四纪活动火山,具有潜在喷发危险。通过GNSS和水准资料分析区域三维地壳运动,得出2011—2019年相对欧亚板块水平运动以东南向为主,速度＜10 mm/a。敦化-密山断裂以东受日本2011年“3·11地震”影响强烈,现以拉张运动为主;近年来水准资料揭示火山区垂直运动以隆升为主。2014—2019年的InSAR资料显示隆升集中在靖宇一带。结合MT剖面反演得到的深部电性结构,龙岗火山区西侧高阻体分布在深度18 km以上,金龙顶子火山下方最浅。中部为早期喷发形成的火山,下方高阻体分布在深度40 km以上,东侧抚松一带分布在深度约20 km以上,地壳范围内的高阻结构表明岩浆已固结。高阻结构层可分辨出断层两侧电阻的差异性。高阻体下方存在大规模低阻结构,推测为中下地壳岩浆系统。金龙顶子火山深度10 km以下的低阻结构可能为岩浆通道,并与中下地壳岩浆系统相连。东侧区域岩浆平均深度约30 km,相对较浅。龙岗火山区幔源物质的上涌及间断性的向上运移引起地壳隆升及地震活动。     

输电线路岩石嵌固基础抗拔试验及数值模拟分析

为了研究全风化-强风化地区岩石嵌固基础抗拔性能及土体破坏模式,基于安徽省太湖县岩石嵌固基础抗拔性能现场试验,结合数值模拟对不同埋深、不同型式的岩石嵌固基础的抗拔性能进行分析。发现在基础埋深较浅时,坛子型和掏挖型基础抗拔性能及土体破坏模式大体相近;当基础埋深较深时,掏挖型基础抗拔性能明显优于坛子型。同时,对两种基础型式的经济效益进行比较分析,研究结果表明:掏挖型嵌固基础抗拔性能更优,同时具有更好的经济性和环保性,推荐在风化性较强的岩石地基输电线路工程中推广应用。     

贺兰山中段米钵山组沉积特征及其意义

贺兰山中段中、上奥陶统米钵山组,在整个区域地层中占有重要地位,它是贺兰山南北向构造形成的重要标志。其地层明显区别于相邻地台区的沉积,对探讨贺兰山早古生代的构造格局及岩相古地理尤为重要。但对米钵山组沉积环境多有争论,观点各不相同。本文对该区米钵山组沉积特征、沉积层序、沉积岩相和古地理环境进行了分析研究,并划分为碎屑流、浊流和正常深水沉积三种类型,推断贺兰山南北向构造在加里东中期开始形成,并延续到白垩纪的新认识。     

Variation of Uplift Velocit y in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: Its Occasion and Consequences

The velocity of uplift in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau has been changed in a remarkable sense by the continental collision.In this paper the buoyancy variation,which occurred in the crustal shortening and thickening process,was used to explain the varied velocities.In the initial stage subcrustal material came from anomalous mantle with high temperature,then the density contrast between crust and mantle was small; in turn both the buoyancy and the surface uplift were gentle.When the thickened crust was squeezed into normal mantle in the later stage,the significant buoyancy would cause a rapid uplift.The variation of buoyancy also affected the stress regime around the plateau.     

海洋工程中桩基抗拔承载力研究

抗拔承载力是桩基设计的重要组成部分,随着海上风电场的建设,海洋工程中出现了越来越多需要提供足够抗拔力的抗拔桩。现有规范中桩基抗拔承载力的计算来源于对抗压承载力的修正,理论研究成果也仅限于半经验法及极限平衡算法,因此与实测数据存在较大差异。系统阐述现有的桩基抗拔承载力计算方法,并结合实际工程计算桩基的抗拔承载力,对比各种计算方法的结果发现:黏土中API规范法计算的桩基上拔承载力更接近实测值;Meyerhof和Das算法适合计算长径较小的桩;Chattopadhyay和Shanker算法适用于砂土中抗拔桩的计算;现有抗拔承载力计算方法忽略了黏土中的黏附力和负孔隙水压力,导致计算结果与实测值偏差较大。     

岩石嵌固掏挖基础抗拔承载特性及其影响因素研究

岩石嵌固掏挖基础目前已经广泛应用于电力基础工程中。原状土由于受扰动较小,胶结性强,具有良好的抗剪强度,对掏挖基础抗拔承载力具有重要影响,因此研究原状土参数变化对基础上拔承载性能的影响规律具有重要意义。结合现场试验,建立数值模型,研究土体黏聚力、内摩擦角、弹性模量对基础上拔承载性能的影响规律。研究表明:土体内摩擦角和黏聚力对基础抗拔承载力具有较大影响,而弹性模量影响程度较低;参数的变化对土体塑性区发展规律影响较小。     

湖南太阳山隆起区断层活动性研究

湖南省太阳山地区是洞庭湖西缘一个晚新生代时期隆起的低山丘陵区,山体走向为北北东方向,自南向北斜列展布了太阳山低山区和凤凰山低山区,二者之间为北北东向大龙站谷地.通过对该地区现有6条断层活动性的地质调查,获得了位于大龙站谷地东侧的肖伍铺断层断错中更新世晚期,距今12.3±1.O万年地层的地质证据,为中更新世晚期至晚更新世早期有活动的断层,表现为逆冲活动的性质.根据岗市-河袱断层带发育的断层泥及其测年结果可知,该断层可能在中更新世中期有过活动.其余4条断层没有第四纪以来活动的地质地貌表现,属于前第四纪断层.上述研究结果对认识1631年太阳山63/4级地震的发震构造是有意义的.