《中国东部第三系含油盆地的孢粉相与孢粉颜色研究》一书出版

该书对渤海湾盆地的下辽河坳陷、渤海海区、冀中坳陷、黄骅坳陷、东濮坳陷;江汉—洞庭湖盆地的江汉坳陷、洞庭湖坳陷;南襄盆地;苏北—南黄海盆地;东海陆架盆地;南海盆地等的第三系地层进行系统的孢粉相和孢粉颜色研究,获得各含油盆地第三系生油岩孢粉相与孢粉颜色的数据和特征,探讨其沉积环境、生油母质与油气成熟度,评价其生油潜力,为我国东部第三系含油盆地的石油勘探和油气资源评价提供科学依据,也为我国孢粉学研究增添新内容.     

东海陆架盆地新生界咸水层二氧化碳封存地质条件及封存前景

目前可用于封存二氧化碳的地质体包含深部咸水层、枯竭油气田、玄武岩等，其中，深部咸水层广泛分布于全球大多数沉积盆地，具有封存能力大、技术成熟、安全性高、成本低等优点，是一种重要的二氧化碳封存地质体。相较于陆域，海域碳封存具有封存潜力大、安全性高、环境影响小、封存周期长等优点，是实现“双碳”目标的重要途径。东海陆架盆地面积大，盆地构造稳定性较高，属于次冷-次热盆地，碳封存目标层厚度大、分布广，具有良好的咸水层二氧化碳封存地质条件，且盆地油气勘探开发程度较高，实施二氧化碳咸水层地质封存的工程条件成熟。在中国海域含油气盆地中，东海陆架盆地咸水层二氧化碳地质封存适宜性为高适宜。综合考虑勘探开发程度、区域构造稳定性、地热条件、二氧化碳咸水层地质封存物质条件和地质封存工程实施条件等可影响二氧化碳地质封存前景评价的参数，分别评价了各区带二氧化碳封存前景。其中，台北坳陷和浙东坳陷碳封存前景最好，适宜实施二氧化碳地质封存；长江坳陷和海礁隆起碳封存前景较好，可作为实施二氧化碳地质封存的备选区带。     

以海陆对比优选南黄海海相中—古生界油气勘探目标区

为优选南黄海盆地海相中—古生界油气勘探目标区,开展了上下扬子区陆域地质考察,对比分析了苏北—南黄海及上扬子四川叠合盆地海相中—古生界油气勘探现状、区域构造特征和烃源岩条件等。认为受区域构造演化差异的影响,南黄海崂山隆起海相中—古生界保留更完整,尤其是下古生界构造更稳定、地层分布广、厚度大、烃源岩条件好,发育多个大型构造圈闭,具有有利的成藏条件,是有利的勘探目标区。     

由上下扬子对比探讨南黄海中—古生界油气保存条件

为了探讨南黄海中—古生界油气保存条件,开展了上下扬子中—古生界构造演化、生储盖组合等对比分析。结果显示:印支和燕山运动对南黄海中—古生界的影响大大强于上扬子四川盆地,致使三叠系残留厚度较薄;推测南黄海中—古生界盖层以泥岩为主,膏盐岩为辅,其中泥岩盖层以下寒武统、下志留统和上二叠统为主,膏盐岩盖层则以中下三叠统为主。综合研究认为,烟台坳陷和崂山隆起以下寒武统或下志留统的泥岩为主要盖层,推测可形成威远型气藏;而青岛坳陷和勿南沙隆起以上二叠统泥岩为直接盖层,中下三叠统膏盐岩为间接盖层,推测可形成五百梯型或建南型气藏。南黄海盆地间接盖层缺乏,但下古生界具有良好的生烃潜力和保存条件,因此,南黄海盆地应重视下古生界页岩气的勘探和开发。     

东海西部台北坳陷中生界油气成藏模式研究

东海陆架盆地是在元古界、古生界复杂基底上发展形成的中—新生代叠合含油气盆地,蕴藏丰富的油气资源,对中国的能源战略意义重大,东海陆架盆地中生界将是未来中国东部油气勘探新区及重要领域。台北坳陷位于东海陆架盆地西部坳陷带南部,中生界陆相河湖沉积体系发育福州组泥岩、石门潭组泥岩两套主力烃源岩。根据台北坳陷烃源岩、储盖组合、输导体系等油气藏形成的静态要素为基础,结合油气来源和成藏期次分析,研究其成藏过程,明确了台北坳陷以福州组、石门潭组为主力烃源,福州组、石门潭组及始新世瓯江组砂体为主要储层,油气沿着凹陷边缘的砂体、活动的断层运移,砂体尖灭和断层封闭时期,油气早期成藏;始新世末-渐新世的全盆性挤压反转,油气重新调整聚集成藏。从而建立起台北坳陷中生界早期成藏,后期调整的成藏模式。     

东海陆架盆地西部坳陷带的中生界和古新统油气远景

以往对东海陆架盆地的油气勘探主要集中在东部坳陷带的西湖凹陷，目的层主要为下第三系。西部坳陷带虽然第三系厚度薄，但中生界和古新统厚度大，分布广，具有良好的油气生、储、盖、圈、运、保条件，可能成为下一步的勘探目标。     

苏北盆地的油气勘探及下扬子中、古生界储层的系统研究

通过回顾苏北盆地50余年油气勘探历程和取得的重大发现,阐述了苏北下扬子区钻井发现中、古生界油气储层系统的特征,指出海相储集岩分为裂缝型储层、白云岩型储层、风化壳储层等类型,对于我国南黄海盆地海域油气储层特别是海相中、古生界油气储层特征研究及评价具有实际意义。     

南黄海盆地海相中、古生界油气资源潜力研究

在对南黄海盆地海相中、古生界烃源条件和后期保存条件研究的基础上,运用盆地模拟手段并结合前人研究成果,对海相地层烃源岩的排烃史进行了模拟,计算了海相地层油气资源量,从而进行了海相油气资源潜力的分析;同时通过对海相上构造层和下构造层两套含油气系统成藏条件的研究,预测了盆地内海相油气资源的有利运聚区,进而指出南黄海盆地海相油气勘探的有利区,为下一步南黄海盆地的勘探部署提供了依据。研究表明,南黄海盆地海相下构造层和海相上构造层栖霞组、龙潭组—大隆组烃源岩推测为好的烃源岩,海相上构造层青龙组烃源岩推测为中等—好的烃源岩;盆地海相地层具有一定的油气资源潜力,油气资源总量为35.37×10^8t,且在纵向上,油气资源主要来自海相下构造层烃源岩系,在平面上主要分布于南部坳陷;盆地海相地层存在两类油气资源勘探有利区,其中,最有利区位于中部隆起区南部、南部坳陷区和勿南沙隆起区北部。     

南黄海盆地中、古生界油气地质条件研究

南黄海盆地在以中、新生界为主开展的油气勘探历时近30年,至今未获工业油气流。而盆地中、古生界石油勘探程度很低．目前仅只有少数钻井钻遇中、古生界,对其基本油气地质条件认识存在不足。此文运用含油气系统理论和盆地模拟技术,利用钻井资料,类比下扬子陆区石油地质条件研究成果,对下扬子南黄海盆地中、古生界海相地层烃源岩、储层和盖层条件进行了初步研究,为该盆地中、古生界下一步油气勘探指出了有利方向。     

川西坳陷中段沙溪庙组天然气成藏条件分析

探讨川西坳陷中段沙溪庙组天然气成藏地质条件,为油气勘探提供理论依据。从油气的烃源条件、储集条件、保存条件及成藏组合方面入手,结合构造史以及岩心、地震及钻井等资料进行分析,结果表明川西坳陷中段处于生烃坳陷中心地带,烃源岩丰富,具备生烃能力。晚三叠世中、晚期发育冲积扇—河流沉积相带,储集条件良好,后期构造运动使断层裂缝系统较发育,有利于储集条件改善和油气富集。其上有压力封存箱和巨厚的砂泥岩互层,保存条件良好。川西坳陷中段新场—盐亭地区近EW向古隆起及龙门山前缘扩展变形带中的鸭子河—石板滩地区是油气勘探的有利地带。     

Microbial Biomass and Organic Nutrients in the Deep-Sea Sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin

In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance.     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification

An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm.     

Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans

A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level.     

Deep-Sea Sediment Compression Curves: Some Controlling Factors, Spurious Overconsolidation, Predictions, and Geophysical Reproduction

Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations.     

INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS

<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology,     

Evaluation of the Risk of Marine Slope Instability: A Pseudo-3D Approach for Application to Large Areas

This article presents a methodology developed to evaluate the instability of submarine slopes that extend over a large area. Special attention was paid to (1) the complex geometry (bathymetry) and the expanse of the slope, (2) the heterogeneity of the sediment, and (3) the distribution of the pore pressure. The safety factor was considered as a spatially varying quantity. The General Formulation (GLE, Fredlund and Krahn 1977), which fully satisfies equilibrium conditions, was used for evaluating the stability of the marine slope. The submarine slope failure, which occurred on 16 October 1979 during the construction of the new Nice airport, was studied in order to test the developed model. Geotechnical parameters were taken from experimental tests carried out by IFREMER on 19 cores extracted at different depths (from 27 m to 1300 m) (Cochonat, Bourillet, and Savoye, 1993; Mulder et al., 1994). Many scenarios were proposed in order to explain the cause of the Nice slope failure (Habib, 1994). In this article, two of those scenarios were tested. Simulation results are presented and discussed.