Resonance Properties of Extra-Solar Two-Planet Systems

It is shown for the two-planetary version of the weakly perturbed two-body problem that, in a system defined by a finite part of a Poisson expansion of the averaged Hamiltonian, only one of the three components of the area vector is conserved, corresponding to the longitudes measuring plane. The variability of the other two components is demonstrated in two ways. The first is based on calculating the Poisson bracket of the averaged Hamiltonian and the components of the area vector written in closed form. In the second, an echeloned Poisson series processor (EPSP) is used when calculating the Poisson bracket. The averaged Hamiltonian is taken with accuracy to second order in the small parameter of the problem, and the components of the area vector are expanded in a Poisson series.     

Control of geochemical error through sampling and subsampling diagrams

Sampling and subsampling diagrams provide a means of visualizing and controlling sampling error during analysis of mixtures, especially those in which a minor constituent contributes heavily to assay values. The model employed refers each sampling problem to an idealized mixture of two constituents which has the same sampling or subsampling characteristics as the real mixture to be sampled. A procedure for calculating and constructing such diagrams depends on appropriate use of both Gaussian and Poisson statistics. The argument is simplified by combining the two statistical models.     

Hypotheses for earthquake occurrences

Very little work has been done in generating alternatives to the Poisson process model. The work reported here deals with alternatives to the Poisson process model for the earthquakes and checks them using empirical data and the statistical hypothesis testing apparatus. The strategy used here for generating hypotheses is to compound the Poisson process. The parameter of the Poisson process is replaced by a random variable having prescribed density function. The density functions used are gamma, chi and extended (gamma/chi). The original distribution is then averaged out with respect to these density functions. For the compound Poisson processes the waiting time distributions for the future events are derived. As the parameters for the various statistical models for earthquake occurrences are not known, the problem is basically of composite hypothesis testing. One way of designing a test is to estimate these parameters and use them as true values. Momentmatching is used here to estimate the parameters. The results of hypothesis testing using data from Hindukush and North East India are presented.     

Estimating Climatic Timeseries From Multi-Site Data Afflicted With Dating Error

Timeseries of estimated temperature have been combined to create global or hemispheric climate series over periods exceeding 1000 yr. The data used in these studies, however, may be subject to dating errors. It is shown that when timeseries with dating error are combined, the noise in the data smoothes periodic signals but leaves linear trends intact. This means that the effect of dating error of sample data in a timeseries reconstruction is to smooth out any signals (waves, cycles) that may be present. The purpose of this study was to develop signal extraction methods that will work for this type of historical data. The method used was nonlinear estimation of sample series where dating error has been added by Monte Carlo sampling. Several algorithms were tested for handling the dating error problem. Results were that using nonlinear model fitting, the periods of signals can be identified even from the averaged data. In a second stage of the estimation procedure, the cycle magnitudes can be estimated. Very good fits were achieved for two example cases. Temperature estimation error (white noise due to the use of proxies) was also considered and the method was extended to cover this case with quite good results. Using the new estimation methods, the information inherent in multiple series can be used to overcome the problem of dating error.     

Two modes of the differential rotation of the solar corona

The differential rotation of the solar corona is studied using the brightness of the Fe XIV 530.3 nm green coronal line collected over 5.5 solar-activity cycles. The total observed velocity of the coronal rotation is analyzed as a superposition of two modes—fast and slow. A technique for separating two data series composing the initial data set and corresponding to the two differential-rotation modes of the solar corona is proposed. The first series is obtained by averaging the initial data set over six successive Carrington rotations; this series corresponds to long-lived, large-scale coronal regions. The second series is the difference between the initial data and the averaged series, and corresponds to relatively quickly varying coronal component. The coronal rotation derived from the first series coincides with the fast mode detected earlier using the initial data set; i.e., the synodic period of this mode is 27 days at the equator, then weakly increases with latitude, slightly exceeding 28 days at high latitudes. The second series describes a slow rotation displaying a synodic period of about 34 days. This coincides with the period of rotation of the high-latitude corona derived by M. Waldmeier for polar faculae. We expect that coronal objects corresponding to the fast mode are associated with magnetic fields on the scales typical for large activity complexes. The slow mode may be associated with weak fields on small scales.     

基于正交设计下SVM滑坡变形时序回归预测的超参数选择

超参数的选择直接影响着支持向量机（SVM）的泛化性能和回归效验,是确保SVM优秀性能的关键。针对超参数穷举搜索方法的难点,从试验设计的角度,提出了正交设计超参选择方法,并分析了基于混合核函数（比单一核函数具有更好的收敛性和模型适应性）SVM各个超参数的取值范围,选定了每个参数的试验水平。通过考虑参数间的正交性和交互性,选取最优超参数组合下的SVM模型。应用该方法,对两种典型滑坡位移时序的SVM建模进行了超参数组合正交优化设计,获得了精度高且泛化性能良好的滑坡预测模型,其试验结果验证了方法的可靠性。正交设计超参选择方法较之其他超参选择法简单实用,其高时效的特点更有助于SVM在实践工程中的良好应用。     

基于支持向量机-马尔可夫链的位移时序预测

结合支持向量机和马尔可夫链,提出了一种新的位移时序预测模型--支持向量机－马尔可夫链预测模型（SVM-MC）。通过对实测位移值的学习,利用经粒子群算法优化的支持向量机对位移时间序列的宏观发展趋势进行滚动预测;在此基础上应用马尔可夫链确定位移时序的状态转移概率矩阵,通过对状态的划分、实测值与支持向量机拟合值的绝对误差及相对误差等指标的分析,实现了对预测结果的改进。将该模型应用到某工程永久船闸高边坡的位移时序预测中,结果表明,该模型具有科学可靠、预测精度高的优点,在岩土体位移时序预测中具有有一定工程应用价值。     

三度体重力矢量的有限单元法正演计算

以重力位在场源内部满足泊松方程为依据,以重力矢量满足第三类边界条件为切入点,推导了与三度体重力矢量满足的边值问题相对应的变分问题,进而利用有限单元法实现了对变分问题的求解.立方体模型试验结果表明:文中提出的新的系数矩阵存储方式较之传统方式能够更有效地节约存储空间,且为利用预条件共轭梯度技术更加快速地求解线性方程组提供了保障;重力矢量的计算精度与边界长度及单元网格的边长息息相关,其计算效率则主要取决于所要计算的节点总数和大型稀疏线性方程组求解算法的优劣;一般情况下,当单元的边长小于场源体边长的1/10、边界长度大于场源体长度的7.5倍时,能够获得理想的结果.     

深部硬脆性泥页岩含水率与强度分布规律研究

泥页岩井壁稳定问题是钻井工程中经常遇到的一个十分复杂且带有世界性的难题。所取岩芯为准噶尔盆地沙窝地区块垮塌严重的深部泥页岩,通过室内试验测定泥页岩不同含水率条件下强度参数（内聚力、内摩擦角、弹性模量、泊松比）值,对试验数据进行回归分析,得出泥页岩含水率与其强度参数的分布规律;并根据渗流力学原理对泥页岩含水率的分布规律做了理论推导。研究结果为计算水化后泥页岩井壁围岩的应力及评价井眼稳定性提供了试验依据和理论基础。     

Evidence for the Mesozoic endogenous activity in the northeastern part of the Fennoscandian Shield

Paleomagnetic study of dykes and intrusions remanent in the central part of the Kola Peninsula has been carried out; the Devonian age of these objects has been confirmed by isotopic-geochronological studies. The component analysis of the magnetization vector in the samples has shown that there are two magnetization components in most samples. The paleomagnetic pole corresponding to the direction of a more stable component is located in the close vicinity of the Middle Devonian segment of the apparent polar wander path (APWP) for the East European Craton, so this enables us to estimate its age to be as old as the Devonian. The second magnetization component was found in Devonian dykes of both northern and southern parts of the Kola Peninsula; the paleomagnetic pole corresponding to this component is located close to the Mesozoic (Early Jurassic) part of the APWP for the East European Craton. It is suggested that the extensive remagnetization of Devonian intrusions in the Kola Peninsula was caused by the thermal effect of the Barents-Amerasian superplume and by the appearance of an extensive area with trap magmatism within the modern Arctic Basin region. Discovery of a significant thermal event that covered the Fennoscandian northeast allows us to explain the geochronological problem concerning the Mesozoic ages of particular singular zircon grains from Precambrian rocks of the shield derived via the SHRIMP method.     

岩体结构对含煤岩系变形的控制作用

含煤岩系变形规律的研究,对煤炭资源评价和开采、煤矿瓦斯灾害预测、煤层气的可开发性评价具有指导意义。基于含煤岩系的岩体结构是控制其变形的基础因素这一前提,以岩体力学和分形几何学基本理论为指导,提出取决于岩石杨氏模量和泊松比的岩体强度因子和取决于岩层厚度的分形维数两个参数,以断层发育的安阳双全井田、褶皱发育的沁水盆地煤层气开发区及滑动构造发育的荥巩谷山井田为例,系统探讨了岩体结构对含煤岩系变形的控制作用。研究表明,低强度因子和厚层岩层较多的分形维数低值区,含煤岩系以韧性变形为主,多形成褶皱,煤体变形程度深,为瓦斯灾害严重区和煤层气难以开发区;高强度因子和厚层岩层较少的分形维数高值区,含煤岩系以脆性变形为主,多发育断层,构造煤难以区域展布,只分布在断层附近。可见含煤岩系变形不仅与岩体强度有关,而且受岩层厚度的控制。统计层段内刚性岩层的存在增加了岩体强度,岩层复杂程度的增加同样提高了岩体强度。岩体力学和分形几何学的引入,为煤岩体变形行为和程度的描述和预测提供了一种新途径。     

Microscale Energy Dissipation Mechanisms in Cyclically-Loaded Granular Soils

This paper utilizes the Discrete Element Method to characterize energy dissipation mechanisms in cyclically loaded soils based on micromechanical considerations. Computational simulations of consolidated undrained cyclic triaxial tests were conducted at various relative densities and were subjected to cyclic loading of different frequencies and shear strain amplitudes. The different components of microscale energies were monitored during the course of the simulations and characterized into input and dissipated energies. A comparison is made between the dissipated energy computed from microscopic energy components and macroscopic energy calculated based on the area of the deviator stress-axial strain loops. These energies are then used to obtain the specific damping capacity defined as the ratio of dissipated energy during one cycle to the maximum stored elastic energy during the same cycle. The conducted simulations highlight the importance of calculating actual stored energy in the system as opposed to approximating it to be that calculated as the triangular area under the secant modulus. Finally, a series of simulations that resulted in liquefaction are discussed, and the amount of energy dissipated to liquefaction is examined based on these results.     

基于相空间重构和小波分析-粒子群向量机的滑坡地下水位预测

预测滑坡地下水位的动态演变过程对滑坡稳定性分析具有重要意义, 三峡库区库岸滑坡地下水位时间序列受多种因素影响, 呈现出高度非线性非平稳的特征.为对其进行预测, 提出一种基于相空间重构的小波分析-粒子群优化支持向量机(wavelet analysis-support vector machine, 简称WA-PSVM)模型.该模型引入小波变换法对地下水位序列进行时频分解, 将非平稳的地下水位序列转变为多个不同分辨率尺度下的较平稳的地下水位子序列; 然后重构各子序列的相空间, 再利用PSVM(全称support vector machine)模型对地下水位各子序列进行预测, 最后将各子序列预测值相加得到最终预测结果.以三峡库区三舟溪滑坡前缘STK-1水文孔日平均地下水位序列为例, 首先分析滑坡前缘地下水位变化的影响因素, 再将WA-PSVM模型应用于地下水位预测, 并与单独PSVM模型和小波分析-BP网络模型(wavelet analysis-back propagation, 简称WA-BP)作对比.结果表明: 滑坡前缘地下水位受降雨和库水位影响较大, 利用WA-PSVM模型对STK-1水文孔地下水位进行预测的均方根误差为0.073m、拟合优度为0.966, WA-PSVM模型预测精度高于单独PSVM模型和WA-BP模型.WA-PSVM模型解决了地下水位序列非线性非平稳的问题, 在不考虑影响因素的情况下能获得满意的预测效果, 具有较高的建模效率和较强的实用性.      

北淮阳地区中生代火山活动及其构造背景

通过总结近年来北淮阳地区的１∶５万区调资料及有关专题研究,认为该区中生代火山活动可分为两个旋回,两个岩浆系列。第一旋回和信阳—商城火山喷发带的第二旋回为钙碱性系列;金寨—舒城火山喷发带中的第二旋回为碱性系列。钙碱性系列岩浆起源于３０～７０ｋｍ深的陆内聚合带;碱性系列为造山后期恢复阶段张性条件下的产物。其总体特征是由东向西酸性增强,起源深度渐浅。     

The Hamiltonian in the planetary or satellite problem as a d’Alembertian function

This completes a series of three articles establishing the d’Alembertian properties of key functions in celestial mechanics. The first two presented the concept of a d’Alembertian function of a pair of complex variables specified within an infinitely long bottle with a narrowing neck. The main properties of d’Alembertian functions were demonstrated, and it was shown that the main functions in celestial mechanics belong to this class, including Cartesian coordinates. The d’Alembertian radii of these functions were found and their moduli estimated, in many cases exactly. The current paper demonstrates the d’Alembertian nature of the perturbing function—or equivalently, the Hamiltonian—in the planetary or satellite problem. The d’Alembertian radius of this function is estimated.     

Non-double-couple mechanisms of microearthquakes induced during the 2000 injection experiment at the KTB site, Germany: A result of tensile faulting or anisotropy of a rock?

Moment tensors of microearthquakes induced during the 2000 injection experiment at the KTB deep drilling borehole at a depth level of 5.4 km are studied. A family of 37 most reliable moment tensors contains significant non-double-couple (non-DC) components. The DC is on average 60% and the non-DC is 40%. Fault plane solutions computed from the DC part show preferred strike-slip mechanisms with small normal or reverse components. A predominant azimuth of P and T axes is in the range of N320°–340°E and of N230°–250°E, respectively. The non-DC components contain both the isotropic (ISO) and compensated linear vector dipole (CLVD) components. The mean value of ISO is 1.5%, the mean value of CLVD is − 5.7%. The predominantly negative CLVD components are inconsistent with the concept of the non-DC mechanisms as a result of tensile faulting due to fluid injection into the rock. The main origin of the non-DC components is probably anisotropy in the focal area. The other origins are errors produced by mismodelling of the medium when calculating the Green functions, and numerical errors produced by noise and limitations of input data. Adopting four alternative models of anisotropy obtained by other seismic measurements at the KTB, we have employed the non-DC components for estimating an optimum orientation of anisotropy in the focal area. The optimum orientation of the symmetry plane of anisotropy is nearly vertical with a strike of N335°–340°E. This strike coincides well with the strike of 330° typical for many major lithological units and faults and with the orientation of the transversely isotropic model inferred by other authors. After removing the anisotropy effects from the moment tensors by calculating the source tensors, the distribution of ISO is significantly narrowed. This indicates predominantly shear, but not tensile faulting.     

土地调查中有关城镇与农村土地面积问题的研究

第二次全国土地调查工作中,城镇与农村地区的土地面积在计算方法上有所不同：农村地区的土地面积是以椭球面为基准的面积,即球面面积;城镇地区的土地面积是以平面为基准的面积,即平面面积。二者之间存在差异并按一定规律变化,当调查区处于投影带边缘附近时,同一图斑的球面面积与平面面积之间的差异达到最大。由于采用不同的计算方法而导致面积数量的差异,在进行农村与城镇有关土地数据整合时会出现矛盾。为了建立城乡统一的土地管理信息系统,保证土地面积的一致性,应当采取相应措施消除二者之间的差异。     

A new approach to modeling the surface magnetic fields of chemically peculiar stars

A reconstruction of the line-of-sight component and modulus of the surface-magnetic-field vector is proposed, using a model with artificial point sources of the magnetic field with “virtual” magnetic charges in the body of a star. This approach for the direct calculation of the field from the superposition of the potentials of individual magnetic charges enables the reconstruction of most possible configurations of the surface magnetic field of a star. Proper choice of the axis orientations for the three coordinate systems used makes it possible to obtain a simple representation for the vector components of the surface magnetic field. In a dipole approximation, the expression for the line-of-sight component of the magnetic field averaged over the visible disk of the star reduces to the form obtained in other studies.     

多源数据在甘肃山羊坝地区找矿勘查中的应用

针对单一遥感数据已难以满足地质找矿工作需求的问题,本次研究综合使用雷达数据、光学数据及其他非遥感数据共同服务于地质找矿。以甘肃山羊坝地区为研究区,选择ASTER多光谱遥感数据,采用植被抑制法+特征向量主成分分析法,提取研究区的蚀变信息;选择PALSAR雷达数据,采用聚焦、多视、滤波、辐射定标、地理编码和增强处理等一系列处理方法制作雷达强度图,提取研究区构造信息。最后利用GIS平台进行遥感、地质及化探等信息的集成与综合分析,最终圈定了具有找矿前景的矿产资源靶区,野外查证发现一处金矿点。此次研究获得了良好的找矿效果,表明同时使用雷达数据、光学数据及其他非遥感数据的综合找矿方法,对本地区金矿找矿勘查具有重要的指导作用。     

基于数学形态学多尺度分析的顶板下沉量预测

利用实测顶板沉降序列预测顶板下沉量是分析顶板稳定性的有效手段。提出基于数学形态学（MM）的预测方法,将沉降序列视为一组信号,用多尺度形态学算法将其解耦为若干分量,用最小二乘支持向量机（LSSVM）算法对各分量进行预测,叠加还原得到最终预测结果。根据某金矿762采场预控顶板AIII测点实测沉降时序,建立MM-LSSVM模型进行预测研究。研究结果表明,MM-LSSVM的解耦处理强化了各分量内部规律、弱化了相互干扰。与其他传统预测算法相比,MM-LSSVM的平均绝对百分误差和均方根误差大幅下降,预测精度显著提高。