青海铜峪沟铜矿床成矿流体特征及矿床类型探讨

青海省铜峪沟铜矿床位于东昆仑东西向构造岩浆带与鄂拉山北西向构造岩浆带的复合部位。依据矿物共生组合、交代与穿插关系可将铜峪沟铜矿成矿过程分为3个阶段:矽卡岩阶段、石英—多金属硫化物阶段及石英—方解石阶段。对不同阶段包裹体进行了包裹体岩相学、显微测温学和包裹体成分分析。研究结果表明,流体包裹体主要为液相包裹体(L型)、气相包裹体(G型)及含子矿物包裹体(S型)。其中矽卡岩阶段以含子矿物包裹体(均一温度为322℃~600℃,盐度为32.92%~73.97%Na Cleqv)和液相包裹体(均一温度为231℃~600℃,盐度为10.74%~21.68%Na Cleqv)为主。石英—多金属硫化物阶段以液相包裹体(均一温度为176℃~381℃,盐度为2.74%~21.96%Na Cleqv)和气相包裹体(均一温度为127℃~419℃,盐度为4.49%~8.81%Na Cleqv)为主。石英—方解石阶段仅发育液相包裹体(均一温度为143℃~201℃,盐度为5.25%~9.21%Na Cleqv)。计算得到流体压力、密度变化范围分别为0.37~132.2 MPa、0.53~1.17 g/cm3。成矿流体具有从高温高盐度向低温低盐度的演化特征。矽卡岩阶段发生了流体的混合作用,石英—多金属硫化物阶段发生了流体的减压沸腾作用导致了大量金属硫化物沉淀,成矿晚阶段流体可能来源于大气降水。分析认为,铜峪沟铜矿为岩浆热液层矽卡岩矿床。     

我国五大连池、集宁碱性玄武岩矿物中的岩浆包裹体

本文研究了五大连池火山近代富钾玄武岩及集宁新生代碱性玄武岩矿物中的岩浆包裹体。所研究的岩浆包裹体属演化型岩浆包裹体。其主矿物经受了缓慢地冷却和结晶。我们可利用电子探针分析均一后的包裹体以获得初始化学成分。岩浆包裹体的测温测压结果表明,集宁碱性玄武岩中的橄榄石斑晶是在1295—1310℃和3.1—3.5kbar下结晶;五大连池火山富钾玄武岩的矿物斑晶是在岩浆缓慢上升和冷却过程中结晶。这表现为自橄榄石向单斜辉石,岩浆包裹体的均一温度(1308→1178℃)和CO_2压力(0.9→0.4kbar)逐渐下降。     

黑龙江嫩江地区三矿沟矽卡岩型铜-铁-钼多金属 矿床的成矿流体特征与成矿机制

三矿沟铜-铁-钼多金属矿床是大兴安岭地区三矿沟-多宝山构造-成矿带中一个比较典型的矽卡岩型矿床。对干矽卡岩阶段(Ⅰ)的石榴子石、湿矽卡岩-氧化物阶段(Ⅱ)的石英、早期硫化物阶段(Ⅲ)的石英和晚期硫化物阶段(Ⅳ)的方解石中的流体包裹体进行了岩相学观察和显微测温研究。研究结果表明,成矿各阶段热液矿物中的原生流体包裹体类型丰富,主要为气液两相包裹体,其次为纯气相包裹体,偶见纯液相包裹体。石英中也有大量含NaCl子矿物的多相包裹体,其均一温度变化于152~478℃之间,盐度为1.57~58.02wt% NaCl,密度变化范围为0.64~1.18g/cm3,总体属中—高温度、中—高盐度、中等密度的体系;据此计算的成矿压力范围为39.44~133.65MPa,成矿深度介于3.94~9.64km之间,表明该矿床形成于中深成环境。     

山东沂南金铜铁矿床中的液态不混溶作用与成矿：流体包裹体和氢氧同位素 证据

沂南矽卡岩型金铜铁矿床产于燕山期中酸性侵入岩与新太古界—寒武系地层接触带附近。氢、氧同位素研究表明,早期干矽卡岩阶段(Ⅰ)和湿矽卡岩-磁铁矿阶段(Ⅱ)的成矿流体主要为岩浆水,晚期石英-硫化物阶段(Ⅲ)和碳酸盐阶段(Ⅳ)的成矿流体则显示有大气降水混入的岩浆水特点。流体包裹体研究表明,成矿各阶段热液矿物中的包裹体类型丰富,以气液两相盐水包裹体、含子晶多相包裹体和CO2-H2O包裹体为主,次为纯液相水包裹体和纯气相水包裹体,偶见晶质熔融包裹体。由Ⅰ→Ⅱ→Ⅲ→Ⅳ阶段,气液水包裹体均一温度(520～430℃→430～340℃→250～190℃→190～130℃)呈现逐渐降低的趋势。在Ⅰ、Ⅱ阶段的石榴子石和绿帘石中,晶质熔融包裹体与同期次捕获的具不同气相分数的气液水包裹体及含子晶的多相包裹体共生,表明它们被捕获时是一种熔体与流体共存的不混溶状态。在Ⅲ阶段的石英(少量Ⅱ阶段的绿帘石)中,常见气相充填度变化很大的气液水包裹体与同期次捕获的纯液相水包裹体、纯气相水包裹体、含子晶的多相包裹体以及CO2-H2O包裹体共生,且共生的不同类型包裹体均一温度相近,表明此阶段成矿流体曾发生过广泛的沸腾(不混溶)。因而认为,在沂南矿床由岩浆...     

八十年代国外流体包裹体理论研究的某些新进展

多年来包裹体的研究受到两个方面的限制:1.作为包裹体研究的理论基础的盐—水和混 合气体的热力学相图资料并不丰富,包裹体研究的假设(恒容、封闭、均匀体系)并非无懈可击。2.可供包裹体研究的显微超微量分析的仪器和超微量化学分析方法并不完善。80年代流体包裹体界的研究人员针对这些问题作了各种尝试,其中最引人注目的有四点:1.合成流体包裹体的研究,不仅为包裹体研究提供了标准样,而且可作为研究热力学相图及高温高压下流体性质的工具。2.包裹体形成后的过热拉张、溶解—沉淀与再平衡的研究,为检验包裹体研究的假设以及解释变质岩、沉积岩中的包裹体研究结果提供了实验依据。3.各种盐—水体系、混合气体热力学相图的应用,使冷热台上包裹体的研究更加深入。4.各种显微、超微量分析仪器和超微量分析方法在包裹体研究中的运用获得了成分和同位素方面的信息。本文侧重介绍80年代国外流体包裹体界在理论方面的某些新进展,供读者参考。     

某些岩浆岩成岩温度测定

近年来,作者对一些不同类型岩浆岩(花岗岩、霞石正长岩、流纹岩、凝灰熔岩、玄武岩等)矿物中包裹体进行了研究,总结出鉴定熔融(固化)包裹体的特征,并利用南京大学仪器厂生产的LGHS-1型高温加热台对一些岩浆岩进行了成岩温度测定。加热台测温范围0—1450℃±,20℃加热腔体积为0.8立方厘米,温差20—50℃。利用岩石熔融包裹体均匀化温度,可以作为探讨岩浆岩矿物形成温度的一个手段。     

板溪锑矿床流体包裹体研究

板溪锑矿床是湘中锑矿矿集区内的一个中型石英脉型锑矿床,赋存于板溪群五强溪组浅变质碎屑岩中,受NE向的桃江—城步断裂带控制。流体包裹体研究表明,板溪锑矿流体包裹体类型包括富液相水溶液包裹体(Ⅰ型)、富二氧化碳包裹体(Ⅱ型)、纯液相包裹体(Ⅲ型)三类;流体盐度为w(NaCl,eq)=3.4%~7.7%,均一温度为181~331℃,流体的密度为0.78~0.92g/cm~3,矿区成矿流体具有中低温、低盐度、低密度的特点,成矿流体的pH值为5.72,估计成矿压力为49~91 MPa,成矿的地壳深度为5.6~7.8km;均一温度与盐度呈正相关关系,成矿过程中两种流体发生混合作用而成矿。     

河南灵宝董家埝银矿床流体包裹体特征及矿床成因

董家埝银矿位于小秦岭南缘,受小河断裂的次级构造控制,是小秦岭南带首次发现的大型贵金属矿床。矿床的热液成矿期分为3个阶段：石英—黄铁矿阶段(Ⅰ)、石英—多金属硫化物阶段(Ⅱ)和石英—碳酸岩化阶段(Ⅲ),其中石英—多金属硫化物阶段为主要成矿阶段。矿体主要发育气液两相包裹体(W型)、含CO₂包裹体(C型)及纯CO₂包裹体(PC型)3种类型,石英—黄铁矿阶段主要发育C型、W型和少量PC型包裹体,石英—多金属硫化物阶段主要发育W型和少量C型包裹体。第Ⅰ及第Ⅱ成矿阶段的石英流体包裹体的均一温度范围分别为151～270℃和126～240℃,且呈降低趋势;盐度范围分别为3.8%～22.42%NaCleqv和4.16%～20.48%NaCleqv,整体变化不大,属于低盐度环境;CO₂由富转贫。估算成矿压力为22.08～76.6 MPa,成矿深度3.77～7.13 km,矿床类型为低盐度中低温中深成热液型银矿床。     

胶西北焦家金矿深部成矿流体性质及成矿作用

胶东金矿集区因储量和产量巨大,一直是国内外矿床地质学者研究的热点。区内金矿床自西向东集中分布在招(远)—莱(州)断裂带、栖霞断裂带和牟(平)—乳(山)断裂带内。焦家金矿是位于招(远)—莱(州)断裂带内典型的蚀变岩型金矿,矿体赋存于焦家主干断裂的破碎蚀变带内。主成矿阶段石英内流体包裹体岩相学观察表明,焦家金矿主成矿阶段流体包裹体类型为H_2O—CO_2±CH_4包裹体、H_2O溶液包裹体和富CO_2单相或两相包裹体。空间紧密的不同包裹体内含碳相体积差异较大,但均一温度近似。包裹体均一温度为160～320℃,属高中温热液流体,流体具中低盐度(4%～10%NaCl_(eq))、低密度(0.64～1.10 g/cm~3)的特点。流体包裹体激光拉曼测试常见CO_2特征的费米共振双峰,少量可见CH_4特征峰。通过对比焦家及区内不同金矿成矿流体性质,并结合氢氧、碳及锶钕同位素特征的分析,认为胶东地区蚀变岩型金矿和石英脉型金矿为古太平洋西向俯冲体制下在壳幔边界处发生强烈壳—幔相互作用下的同一构造—岩浆—流体成矿系统的产物,矿区构造应力场方向转变、含矿流体的沸腾及广泛的水—岩蚀变反应是胶东金矿的成矿机理。     

南堡凹陷下古生界流体包裹体特征及成藏期研究

通过流体包裹体的透射光和荧光镜下观察、包裹体均一温度测定,对南堡凹陷下古生界碳酸盐岩流体包裹体特征及油气成藏期进行了研究。结果表明:南堡凹陷下古生界碳酸盐岩储层流体包裹体较为发育,主要在碳酸盐岩脉中沿愈合裂缝呈带状分布,烃类包裹体在荧光下呈黄白色--蓝白色,说明研究区油气成熟度相对较高;由包裹体均一温度实测结果可知,该区包裹体均一温度具有明显的双峰特征,峰值分别为70℃~80℃和130℃~140℃;结合埋藏史和热演化史进行综合研究,认为研究区下古生界碳酸盐岩储层主要经历了两期油气充注,第一期为25~22 Ma(东营末期—馆陶早期),第二期为8~5 Ma(明化镇中期)。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861