一种改进的BDS三频单历元TCAR算法

针对原有TCAR算法中宽巷(WL)组合模糊度估计成功率不高的问题,该文通过分析BDS三频最优组合观测值性能,采用易于固定模糊度的超宽巷(EWL)组合代替原有TCAR法的宽巷组合,形成EWL+EWL+NL组合解算模式。在此基础上,对GB_TCAR法和改进的综合TCAR法的模糊度浮点解精度进行分析,并对实测BDS零基线、短基线和长基线数据进行模糊度解算。结果表明,GB_TCAR法和改进的综合TCAR法均可实现所有基线EWL组合模糊度的单历元可靠固定,且改进的综合TCAR法对模糊度解算有一定的改善作用,其中,对零基线、短基线NL组合模糊度的改善效果较明显,但随着基线长度增长,仍无法可靠地固定长基线NL组合模糊度。     

BDS/GPS组合单历元相对定位性能分析

阐述了BDS/GPS组合单历元解算数学模型的相关理论,并进行了相应的公式推导;通过BDS、GPS单系统以及组合系统从不同基线长度、不同截止高度角等方面分析动态解算性能。实验结果表明:(1)在江苏地区,BDS系统可提供单历元至少8颗卫星,从可见卫星数量和可观测时长角度来看,BDS对BDS/GPS导航定位具有重要的贡献;(2)组合BDS/GPS系统单频RTK相比GPS RTK在截止高度角较高的情况下仍可以单历元固定模糊度,且模糊度的固定率和成功率超过90%;(3)对于6km以下的短基线,组合系统定位精度优于单系统,其在平面方向优于1cm,高程方向优于3cm。     

一种BDS超短基线解算实验分析

针对BDS三频精密定位问题,该文将LAMBDA算法应用于BDS三频数据模糊度解算中,基于LAMBDA算法对BDS实测超短基线数据进行处理,分别从BDS 3个频点单历元模糊度固定成功率和基线E、N、U方向增量结果分析了LAMBDA算法的有效性。结果表明,LAMBDA算法能实现BDS各频点单历元模糊度固定及基线解算,其中,B1频点单历元模糊度固定成功率相对于B2、B3频点略差,但仍有超过93.7%的历元其单历元模糊度固定成功率高于95%,且整个时段单历元模糊度固定成功率均值优于98.7%;B2、B3频点基线E、N、U方向增量结果基本一致,但与B1频点结果有一定的差异,可能是由于B1频点的频率和波长与B2、B3差异较大引起的。     

基于北斗三频的短基线单历元模糊度固定

采用三频观测值能组成更多波长更长、噪声较小的观测值;通过依次固定超宽巷、宽巷、窄巷模糊度,可以实现模糊度的快速固定。目前以TCAR、CIR为代表的方法均是基于无几何模型的方法,通过伪距直接求解相位模糊度;由于不同卫星模糊度各自单独求解,没有综合利用所有卫星的观测值信息。基于有几何模型,使用LAMBDA方法进行逐级模糊度固定,依次固定超宽巷、两个宽巷、两个无电离层组合窄巷模糊度,最后使用模糊度固定的两个无电离层组合进行最终基线解算。北斗实测数据验证表明,针对10km的短基线数据,采用本文方法可以实现100%的单历元模糊度固定的成功率。     

基于北斗三频约束的中长基线解算研究

利用北斗三频模糊度易固定的特点,提出一种具有北斗三频约束的BDS/GPS基础模糊度快速解算方法。针对中长基线,利用多历元平滑无电离层组合模糊度,从无电离层组合模糊度中分离出北斗基础模糊度;然后将北斗基础模糊度带入基线解算模型中,约束求解出GPS基础模糊度,最后将GPS与BDS基础模糊度回带观测方程,可实现基线的快速解算。经北斗实测数据验证表明,文中方法可快速固定GPS基础模糊度,较传统卡尔曼滤波求解模糊度方法,大大减少正确固定模糊度所需的原始观测历元数,实现基线的快速解算。     

基于北斗三频的实时变形监测数据处理

针对观测条件较差时,基于双频观测值的传统变形监测数据处理算法无法快速、可靠地固定原始频点模糊度的局限性,分析了GPS和北斗导航系统BDS不同解算模式下的单历元模糊度固定成功率,提出了基于北斗三频观测值的变形监测数据处理算法。该算法采用三频模糊度解算(three-carrier ambiguity resolution,TCAR)逐次固定超宽巷、宽巷、原始频点模糊度;在不能可靠固定原始频点模糊度时,通过观测值域恒星日滤波削弱宽巷多路径的影响,采用模糊度固定宽巷进行坐标解算。利用实测数据进行检验后的试算结果表明:TCAR单历元模糊度固定成功率较双频模式有了较大提高,但在观测条件较差时难以保证较高的成功率;而宽巷模糊度固定可达到100%的成功率;经观测值域恒星日滤波后宽巷固定解坐标水平方向均方根(root mean square,RMS)可达到7mm。     

北斗星上多径对宽巷模糊度解算的影响分析

通过引入北斗星上多径参数,量化了北斗星上多径对宽巷模糊度解算的影响;从理论上分析了该影响量在非差、单差和双差条件下的特性,并采用零基线、短基线和长基线3组实测数据进行了分析与验证。结果表明:星上多径对非差宽巷模糊度估值的影响在三类卫星上表现出不同的特性,在MEO卫星上最大,可达1周;星间单差无法消除星上多径偏差影响,进而PPP宽巷模糊度的解算将受到影响;星上多径不会对零基线双差宽巷模糊度解算造成影响,对短基线双差宽巷模糊度解算的影响也可忽略,但长基线双差宽巷模糊度解算则受严重影响;星上多径会导致长基线双差宽巷模糊度平滑收敛缓慢,经改正后模糊度固定成功率能够显著提高,单历元取整成功率从52.7%提升到61.4%,平滑20个历元模糊度固定成功率即可从68.4%提升到95.5%。     

一种BDS/GPS宽巷模糊度固定方法

针对目前双频伪距与相位观测值线性组合法(MW法)固定BDS/GPS宽巷模糊度所需平滑历元个数多的问题,提出一种附有北斗超宽巷约束的BDS/GPS几何相关的宽巷模糊度固定方法。利用伪距载波组合确定出北斗(0,-1,1)超宽巷模糊度并回代到观测方程,将超宽巷观测方程作为约束条件与BDS/GPS宽巷观测方程联立,以共有的位置参数将上述观测信息融合单历元固定BDS/GPS宽巷模糊度。基于实测数据结果表明,相对于常规的MW法,采用本文提出的有几何BDS/GPS宽巷模糊度固定方法,能够提高BDS/GPS宽巷模糊度的解算精度和时效性,适合中短基线且电离层不活跃情况下BDS/GPS宽巷模糊度的解算。     

单差模糊度的BDS/GLONASS多频RTK算法

针对GLONASS的双差模糊度失去整周特性以及附加模糊度参数的卡尔曼滤波模型,该文提出了一种基于站间单差模糊度分别求解的方法和一种能够在实时动态定位中获得卡尔曼滤波参数的方法,从而实现了BDS/GLONASS双系统联合实时动态差分(RTK)定位。对在石家庄采集的BDS三频与GLONASS双频短基线数据进行了解算,并对比分析了其他定位模式的结果。实验表明,该方法能够正确固定GLONASS模糊度,其单频和双频的模糊度固定率分别为91.2%、99.6%。GLONASS的定位精度与BDS相当。BDS/GLONASS组合定位精度和稳定性相较于单系统也有所改善,其中BDS三频+GLONASS双频的定位精度最高,总体精度为2.22 cm。频率增加缩短了初始化时间,为实现单历元获得固定解提供了可能性。     

基于模糊度相关法的北斗三频载波单历元基线解算

单历元基线解算一直是卫星导航定位中的热点和难点,随着北斗导航定位系统的全面组网,三频载波可以形成更多优良的组合观测值,有效地提高了单历元基线解算的精度和可靠性。本文在传统TCAR的基础上引入电离层延迟先验信息,将电离层延迟与位置参数和模糊度作为未知参数,采用最小二乘配置原理一并求解。同时,采用考虑电离层延迟影响的模糊度相关法约束模糊度搜索空间。结果表明,加入电离层延迟先验信息可以较大提高单历元模糊度固定的成功率;而采用考虑电离层延迟的模糊度相关法可以缩小模糊度搜索空间,有效地提高单历元模糊度解算的成功率和可靠性。     

Single epoch ambiguity resolution for Galileo with the CAR and LAMBDA methods

This paper investigates single epoch ambiguity resolution performance using Galileo four frequency data. Two commonly used ambiguity resolution methods are used in the tests, including the Cascade Ambiguity Resolution (CAR) and the Least-Squares Ambiguity Decorrelation Adjustment (LAMBDA) methods. For CAR method, four optimal combinations are carefully selected according to their wavelength to noise ratios and success rate for ambiguity fixing. The test results show, in general, the LAMBDA method performs better than the CAR method. The speed of ambiguity resolution is closely related to the carrier phase measurement precision. With carrier phase measurement precision of 3 mm, single epoch ambiguity resolution can be achieved at every epoch with simulated 1-s interval 24-h Galileo data (total epochs 86,400). With the increase of carrier phase noise, ambiguity resolution performances become worse. When the noise level is increased to 12 mm, single epoch ambiguity resolution can only be achieved about 50% of epochs.     

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF INTEGRATED GPS/GLONASS CARRIER PHASE-BASED POSITIONING

1　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＲｅａｌ＿ｔｉｍｅｋｉｎｅｍａｔｉｃＧＰＳｐｒｅｃｉｓｅｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎｉｎｇｈａｓｂｅｅｎｐｌａｙｉｎｇａｎｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇｒｏｌｅｉｎｂｏｔｈｓｕｒｖｅｙｉｎｇａｎｄｎａｖｉｇａｔｉｏｎ ,ａｎｄｈａｓｂｅｃｏｍｅａｎｅｓｓｅｎｔｉａｌｔｏｏｌｆｏｒｐｒｅｃｉｓｅｒｅｌａｔｉｖｅｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎｉｎｇ .Ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ,ｒｅｌｉａｂｌｅａｎｄｃｏｒｒｅｃｔａｍｂｉｇｕｉｔｙｒｅｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｄｅｐｅｎｄｓｏｎｏｂｓｅｒｖａ ｔｉｏｎｓｕｐｏｎａｌａｒｇｅｎｕｍｂｅ…     

宽巷组合及轨迹约束下的列车在轨动态单历元定位算法

动态单历元定位的一个关键问题是模糊度的正确解算。通过增加约束条件,可提高单历元解算模糊度的可靠性。当接收机沿线路中线运动时,首先根据接收机的伪距差分位置,计算出其大致里程,进而根据该里程处的线路设计数据构造轨迹约束条件。由于宽巷组合波长较长,其模糊度比较容易确定,通过附加轨迹约束条件的阻尼LAMBDA方法首先固定宽巷模糊度。在宽巷模糊度固定后,再次附加轨迹约束来确定L1、L2模糊度,实验结果表明该算法可获得很高的解算成功率。     

Performance analysis of integrated GPS/GLONASS carrier phase-based positioning

Due to the different signal frequencies for the GLONASS satellites, the commonly-used double-differencing procedure for carrier phase data processing can not be implemented in its straightforward form, as in the case of GPS. In this paper a novel data processing strategy, involving a three-step procedure, for integrated GPS/GLONASS positioning is proposed. The first is pseudo-range-based positioning, that uses double-differenced (DD) GPS pseudo-range and single-differenced (SD) GLONASS pseudo-range measurements to derive the initial position and receiver clock bias. The second is forming DD measurements (expressed in cycles) in order to estimate the ambiguities, by using the receiver clock bias estimated in the above step. The third is to form DD measurements (expressed in metric units) with the unknown SD integer ambiguity for the GLONASS reference satellite as the only parameter (which is constant before a cycle slip occurs for this satellite). A real-time stochastic model estimated by residual series over previous epochs is proposed for integrated GPS/GLONASS carrier phase and pseudo-range data processing. Other associated issues, such as cycle slip detection, validation criteria and adaptive procedure(s) for ambiguity resolution, is also discussed. The performance of this data processing strategy will be demonstrated through case study examples of rapid static positioning and kinematic positioning. From four experiments carried out to date, the results indicate that rapid static positioning requires 1 minute of single frequency GPS/GLONASS data for 100% positioning success rate. The single epoch positioning solution for kinematic positioning can achieve 94.6% success rate over short baselines (<6 km).     

BDS/GPS单历元短基线动对动定位性能分析

针对在城市峡谷环境下观测卫星较少、观测质量差和周跳频繁,导致动对动定位过程中双差模糊度不连续的问题,提出了一种GPS/BDS组合系统的单历元模糊度解算方法。通过GPS/BDS组合定位提高了卫星的可用数量,利用单历元模糊度固定减弱了周跳频繁带来的影响。实验采用GPS/BDS组合的7组数据,分析了在不同高度角下动对动定位单历元解的模糊度固定率、解算失败率、粗差率和定位精度。结果表明,GPS/BDS组合动对动定位单历元模糊度解算方法,在高遮挡的城市峡谷环境仍然可以取得较好的定位结果。     

Reliability of partial ambiguity fixing with multiple GNSS constellations

Reliable ambiguity resolution (AR) is essential to real-time kinematic (RTK) positioning and its applications, since incorrect ambiguity fixing can lead to largely biased positioning solutions. A partial ambiguity fixing technique is developed to improve the reliability of AR, involving partial ambiguity decorrelation (PAD) and partial ambiguity resolution (PAR). Decorrelation transformation could substantially amplify the biases in the phase measurements. The purpose of PAD is to find the optimum trade-off between decorrelation and worst-case bias amplification. The concept of PAR refers to the case where only a subset of the ambiguities can be fixed correctly to their integers in the integer least squares (ILS) estimation system at high success rates. As a result, RTK solutions can be derived from these integer-fixed phase measurements. This is meaningful provided that the number of reliably resolved phase measurements is sufficiently large for least-square estimation of RTK solutions as well. Considering the GPS constellation alone, partially fixed measurements are often insufficient for positioning. The AR reliability is usually characterised by the AR success rate. In this contribution, an AR validation decision matrix is firstly introduced to understand the impact of success rate. Moreover the AR risk probability is included into a more complete evaluation of the AR reliability. We use 16 ambiguity variance–covariance matrices with different levels of success rate to analyse the relation between success rate and AR risk probability. Next, the paper examines during the PAD process, how a bias in one measurement is propagated and amplified onto many others, leading to more than one wrong integer and to affect the success probability. Furthermore, the paper proposes a partial ambiguity fixing procedure with a predefined success rate criterion and ratio test in the ambiguity validation process. In this paper, the Galileo constellation data is tested with simulated observations. Numerical results from our experiment clearly demonstrate that only when the computed success rate is very high, the AR validation can provide decisions about the correctness of AR which are close to real world, with both low AR risk and false alarm probabilities. The results also indicate that the PAR procedure can automatically chose adequate number of ambiguities to fix at given high-success rate from the multiple constellations instead of fixing all the ambiguities. This is a benefit that multiple GNSS constellations can offer.     

组合码和相位观测值在线解双差模糊度的算法

如何在线精确地求解整周模糊度,是ＧＰＳ高精度动态相对定位的关键问题。在线解算取决于很多因素：基线长度、数据处理方法、接收机的性能（如双频还是单频）以及抗ＡＳ和ＳＡ的能力等。现代双频ＧＰＳ接收机能获得载波相位和Ｌ１、Ｌ２频道上的精度伪距观测值,组合这４个观测值可进行单历元整周模糊度解算。文中对组合码和相位观测值在线解整周度的算法进行了试验和分析,得出了很有实用意义的结合。     

BDS/GPS组合单历元基线解算方法

阐述了BDS/GPS单历元解算函数模型的相关理论,并进行了相应的公式推导。在此基础上,利用基于正则化的载波相位解算模型,解算宽巷模糊度。首先将BDS卫星宽巷模糊度值作为约束固定出IGSO和MEO卫星的模糊度;然后再将IGSO和MEO卫星模糊度值作为约束来固定GEO卫星模糊度。通过实测数据对该方法进行测试和分析,结果表明:BDS/GPS组合系统单历元宽巷模糊度成功率为100%;基频模糊度成功率90%以上;N、E、U方向定位精度达到了毫米至厘米级。     

信噪比的GNSS宽巷模糊度单历元固定算法

针对常规GNSS解算模糊度存在的问题,该文提出了一种新的GNSS宽巷模糊度单历元求解算法。利用单历元双频码伪距观测值和载波相位观测值得到双差宽巷模糊度浮点解,将所有浮点宽巷模糊度分别向上、向下取整建立模糊度搜索空间;将模糊度空间中的所有备选组合代入双差宽巷观测方程中进行最小二乘解算,其中单位权中误差最小的组合就是最优的宽巷模糊度组合;然后对最优组合进行正确性检验以确定宽巷模糊度。确定宽巷模糊度后,可以利用宽巷观测值和载波观测值求出基础模糊度整周解。实验表明,该文提出的模糊度固定方法具有较高的成功率和可靠性,静态数据中模糊度固定成功率达到98.84%,动态数据中模糊度固定成功率达到了99.60%。     

用遗传算法搜索GPS单频单历元整周模糊度

介绍了短基线利用单频单历元双差载波相位定位时模糊度固定的基本理论，探讨了利用遗传算法快速搜索GPS单频单历元整周模糊度的一些理论和实现的方法．提出了用改进的正则化方法改善浮动解来提高搜索成功率的新思路。算例分析表明，在一定的条件下．应用遗传算法搜索整周模糊度成功率高、稳键性较好。