中国东部中-新生代玄武质火山岩的主量元素地球化学特征

用MgO=8％标准化后,中国东部中-新生代玄武质火山岩表现为高Al2O3／TiO2、SiO2,低CaO／Al2O3的特征;新生代玄武质火山岩表现为低SiO2和低Al2O3／TiO2;高Fe8.0、Na8.0、CaO／Al2O3的特征。与区域软流圈地慢上涌和岩石圈伸展构造环境下形成的桂东南钾玄质岩石的高Fe8.0、低Na8.0和CaO／Al2O3值有明显的差异。中国东部中一新生代玄武质火山岩主量元素的特征,可能反映了与桂东南钾玄质岩石不同的形成环境。而中、新生代玄武质火山岩主量元素特征上的差异反映了岩浆来源区的变化。     

洞庭湖区沉积物物源推断的地球化学指标与应用

在对洞庭湖区钻孔岩心进行地球化学采样分析的基础上,研究总结了不同物源沉积物元素及其组合的地球化学特征,认为长江物源与四水(湘、资、沅、澧)相比,以富Fe、Na、Ca和Mg、贫Si、高CaO/MgO、Cr/Th、Ca/Cd、Ti/Si、TC/N,低K/Na等为特征,通过散点图和因子分析筛选出Cr/Th等8个指标,构建物质来源地球化学推断的判别方程,利用多目标区域地球化学调查数据,绘制湖区表层沉积物的判别得分图,划分出了长江和四水物源的两个沉积区。     

河南栾川南部地区与Mo—W矿床有关的燕山期花岗岩特征

河南栾川南部分布着一系列与钼钨矿化有关的燕山期花岗岩小岩体。根据这些岩体的含矿性、地质及地球化学特征可将其分为三类。第一类岩体往往与大型一超大型Ｍｏ－Ｗ矿床有关,岩体顶部有纹层状石英层,石英辉钼矿脉发育。岩石中ＳｉＯ２、Ｋ２Ｏ、Ｒｂ含量高,Ｋ２Ｏ／Ｎａ２Ｏ、Ｒｂ／Ｓｒ比值高,Ａｌ２Ｏ３、ＦｅＯ、ＣａＯ、Ｎａ２Ｏ、Ｓｒ含量低。第二类岩体往往与中小型Ｍｏ－Ｗ矿床有关,岩体中含辉钼矿石英脉发育较差,岩石中ＳｉＯ２、Ｋ２Ｏ含量中等,Ｋ２Ｏ／Ｎａ２Ｏ比值中等。第三类岩体不含Ｍｏ－Ｗ矿,岩体中各种脉体不发育,岩石中ＳｉＯ２、Ｋ２Ｏ、Ｒｂ含量低,Ｋ２Ｏ／Ｎａ２Ｏ、Ｒｂ／Ｓｒ比值相对较低,Ａｌ２Ｏ３、Ｎａ２Ｏ、Ｓｒ含量相对较高。研究还表明小岩体的分异演化程度与小岩体的合矿性有密切的内在联系。     

Modern river discharge and pathways of supplied material in the Eurasian Arctic Ocean: evidence from mineral assemblages and major and minor element distribution

Clay-mineral, heavy-mineral, and elemental distributions in sediments from the Arctic Ocean and the adjacent Laptev and Kara seas can be attributed to the geology of the hinterland and the transport of terrigenous material by rivers onto the shelves. Kara Sea sediments are characterized by increased contents of smectite and elevated Ni/Al-, Ti/Al-, and Cr/Al ratios. In the western Laptev Sea sediments are enriched in smectite and clinopyroxene and increased in Ti/Al-, Cr/Al-, and Ca/Al ratios. The composition of the sediments reflects suspended matter input from the large trap basalt of the Putoran Mountains. The eastern Laptev Sea sediments display increased illite and amphibole contents as well as a chemical composition similar to average shale. This composition is due to the discharge from the Lena and Yana rivers, which drain a large catchment area consisting of sedimentary Mesozoic and Paleozoic rocks. Material from the eastern Laptev Sea is transported by ocean currents and sediment-laden sea ice along the Transpolar Drift into the central Arctic Ocean. This is indicated by similar values of Ti/Al-, Cr/Al-, Rb/Al-, and K/Al ratios as well as increased concentrations of amphibole and illite, determined in sediments from the Lomonosov Ridge. A minor input from the Beaufort Sea into the central Arctic Ocean is suggested from increased Ca/Al ratios and increased contents of opaque minerals.     

华北北部中元古界洪水庄组页岩地球化学特征： 物源及其风化作用

华北北部洪水庄组黑色页岩是中元古代的富有机质沉积,它可能记录了当时重要的地球化学信息。通过对洪水庄组页岩中的常量和微量元素特征的分析,研究了洪水庄组的物源及其风化作用。高Th/Sc、Al2O3/TiO2、La/Sc、La/Cr、La/Co、Th/Cr和Th/Co值,低Cr/Zr和TiO2/Zr比值,Euan值、Co/Y Ti/Zr关系和La Th Sc组成表明洪水庄组页岩物源主要为上地壳中的长英质花岗闪长岩。洪水庄组页岩的Al、Ca、Na和K组成表明其具有较高的化学蚀变指数（CIA）,同时,元素组成的化学风化作用轨迹反映了洪水庄组页岩受到钾交代作用的影响,可能导致CIA值被低估,其原始CIA值应在90以上。高的原始CIA、化学风化指数（CIW）和斜长石蚀变指数（PIA）表明洪水庄组物源区经历了强烈的化学风化作用。化学风化作用强度以及微量元素组成特征揭示了中元古代洪水庄组沉积时期可能处于温暖潮湿的气候条件,这与中元古代时期大气高CO2浓度以及华北板块古大陆当时位于低纬度地区重建的结果不谋而合。     

Chemical forms of some heavy metals in Huanghe River sediments (China) and comparison with data from Rhine River sediments (West Germany)

The chemical forms of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cr, Pb and Cd in the Huanghe River sediments have been studied by sequential extraction techniques and the comparison with data from the Rhine River sediments has been made. In the Huanghe River sediments the average contents of metals, without exception, are below their respective contents in average shales and very close to their levels in Ca-poor granites. The major portion of metals is combined with the detrital and moderately reducible phases. Both in the Huanghe River and in the Rhine River sediments the distribution ratios of metals between the moderately reducible and the easily reducible phases are generally more than unity. However, the distribution ratios of Mn, Zn and Cd are obviously lower than those of Fe, Cr, Cu and Pb. As a result of contamination, the ratios of Fe, Cr, Cu and Pb show an apparent increase, but no remarkable ratio variation is observed for Mn, Zn and Cd. Metals in the Huanghe River sediments, especially Cu and Zn, show a tendency to be associated with the organic phase. The effect of carbonate on metal association preference seems to be less important than that in the Rhine River although there is higher content of carbonate in the Huanghe River sediments. Cd has a greater percentage of the exchangeable phase, which is similar to the result from the Rhine River sediments.     

吉中磐石地区石炭纪鹿圈屯组沉积环境

通过对吉林省磐石市至明城公路西侧实测剖面的岩石组合及具元素地球化学分析,对该地区石炭纪鹿圈屯组沉积和构造环境进行研究。结果显示,该区鹿圈屯组结核样品常量元素具有高Si、Fe,低K、Na的特征。泥岩样品微量元素具有高Sr、Zr、Ba、V,低Be、Ta、Tl、Bi、U的特点。稀土元素具有轻重稀土分异显著、轻稀土相对富集、δEu负异常的特征。沉积环境主体为海相还原环境,发育三角洲相和海相沉积,构造背景为大陆岛弧环境。     

Process recognition in multi-element soil and stream-sediment geochemical data

Stream-sediment and soil geochemical data from the Upper and Lower Coastal Plains of South Carolina (USA) were studied to determine relationships between soils and stream sediments. From multi-element associations, characteristic compositions were determined for both media. Primary associations of elements reflect mineralogy, including heavy minerals, carbonates and clays, and the effects of groundwater. The effects of groundwater on element concentrations are more evident in soils than stream sediments. A “winnowing index” was created using ratios of Th to Al that revealed differing erosional and depositional environments. Both soils and stream sediments from the Upper and Lower Coastal Plains show derivation from similar materials and subsequent similar multi-element relationships, but have some distinct differences. In the Lower Coastal Plain, soils have high values of elements concentrated in heavy minerals (Ce, Y, Th) that grade into high values of elements concentrated into finer-grain-size, lower-density materials, primarily comprised of carbonates and feldspar minerals (Mg, Ca, Na, K, Al). These gradational trends in mineralogy and geochemistry are inferred to reflect reworking of materials during marine transgressions and regressions. Upper Coastal Plain stream-sediment geochemistry shows a higher winnowing index relative to soil geochemistry. A comparison of the 4 media (Upper Coastal Plain soils and stream sediments and Lower Coastal Plain soils and stream sediments) shows that Upper Coastal Plain stream sediments have a higher winnowing index and a higher concentration of elements contained within heavy minerals, whereas Lower Coastal Plain stream sediments show a strong correlation between elements typically contained within clays. It is not possible to calculate a functional relationship between stream sediment–soil compositions for all elements due to the complex history of weathering, deposition, reworking and re-deposition. However, depending on the spatial separation of the stream-sediment and soil samples, some elements are more highly correlated than others.     

阿拉善右旗地区晚石炭世埃达克岩的发现及其大地构造意义

阿拉善地块西南缘沙枣泉石英闪长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄302 ± 9.2 Ma,SiO2含量在60.66%~61.37%之间,MgO 含量在2.13%~2.51%(Mg#= 0.48~0.51)之间,具高Al(Al2O3=17.98%~ 18.44%),富Ca(CaO= 6.08%~6.59%)、富Na贫K(Na2O= 4.20%~4.46%,K2O= 0.67% ~0.92%,K2O/Na2O= 0.16~0.22), 以及高Sr(582×10 - 6~620×10 - 6), 低Y(11.4×10-6~13.7×10–6)、Yb(1.02×10- 6 ~1.51×10–6),高的Sr/Y(35.15~53.25),Y/Yb(11.00~11.23)和La/Yb(7.28~15.10)比值;岩石富集不相容元素（Rb,Th, K, U, Pb等） 及LREE,强烈亏损高场强元素Nb,Ta,Ti以及HREE,轻微的正Eu异常（δEu为0.97~1.18,平均值为 1.1）。岩体总体特征类似于环太平洋新生代埃达克岩。结合霍尔森-查干楚鲁蛇绿岩年代学及区域内其他花岗岩类地球化学 特征认为,沙枣泉埃达克岩是晚石炭世晚期霍尔森-查干楚鲁弧后盆地向南初始俯冲于阿拉善微陆块之下,玄武质洋壳 发生部分熔融且与地幔发生一定程度的交代作用、快速上升形成的,指示雅布赖-巴音诺尔公“陆缘弧”建造始于晚石 炭世-早二叠世, 古亚洲大洋最南端的南蒙古大洋闭合时限应介于275~250 Ma之间,为中-晚二叠世。     

广西南部凭祥中三叠世沉积盆地构造环境——来自岩相学和碎屑岩地球化学的证据

岩相学特征表明,广西凭祥盆地砾岩可分为颗粒支撑和基质支撑2种,砾石成分主要为生物碎屑灰岩,其次为砂岩和泥岩。盆地砂岩主要由成分成熟度和结构成熟度较低的亚岩屑(杂)砂岩和岩屑(杂)砂岩组成,物源区为碰撞造山带或再旋回造山带。碎屑岩地球化学特征表明,凭祥中三叠世盆地中的砂岩和泥岩样品SiO2含量为61.71%~74.85%,接近于上地壳的平均值。具有高的K2O/Na2O值(6.50~0.51)和高的TFe2O3+MgO含量(7.29%~10.31%),TFe2O3/K2O值为2.05%~5.54%,矿物稳定性较差。稀土元素标准化配分曲线呈现出轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素平坦和明显的Eu、Ce负异常特征,类似于上地壳和典型的太古宙页岩,具有海相沉积的特征。砂岩风化蚀变指数CIA高(71~88),Th/U值为3.68~9.53,表明砂岩和泥岩经历了较强的风化作用。砂岩物源区判别图表明,凭祥盆地物源与酸性岛弧具明显的亲缘性,增生楔和活动陆缘是主要的物源区。这些特征综合表明,凭祥盆地是一个伴随古特提斯分支洋盆闭合、经强烈构造改造的残余弧前盆地。     

东天山星星峡缝合带早古生代强过铝质花岗岩的研究及其地质意义

铅炉子过铝质花岗岩带发育于中天山岛弧带南缘的星星峡缝合带内, 为一长条形的二云母花岗岩。岩体地球化学特征是高Si、Al和K, 低Mg、Fe的组份, 全碱含量中等, σ=174～19, K2O>Na2O, A/CNK>11, 属于高钾钙碱性过铝质花岗岩类（SP）。岩体的CaO/Na2O和 Al2O3/TiO2比值都相对较低, 分别为（006～007）和（489～553）; REE、Nb、Y含量和Rb/Sr、Rb/Ba比值相对较高; Rb、Th和LREE相对富集, Ba、Si、Eu、Ti、P和HREE相对亏损; εHf(t)=-23～+16表明岩体还具有较高的锆石同位素特征, T2DM变化范围为1 573～1 329 Ma。 这些地质学和地球化学研究表明铅炉子二云母花岗岩形成于后碰撞的伸展环境中, 是在高温、中低压条件下发生重熔形成的, 其源岩为古老的地壳物质和年轻的增生物质通过物理风化作用形成泥质岩。本文通过测年获得二云母花岗岩锆石LA ICPMS年龄为4445±22 Ma, 表明铅炉子过铝质花岗岩形成于晚奥陶世, 是中天山岛弧带和公婆泉岛弧带的碰撞时间的上限, 它也是中天山岛弧带与公婆泉岛弧带碰撞造山作用的产物, 是中亚增生造山带的增生方式之一。     

阿尔泰山南缘晚古生代火山岩的地质地球化学特征及其对构造演化的启示

阿尔泰山南缘晚古生代火山岩十分发育,从早泥盆世到早二叠世均有发育。其中中泥盆世北塔山组为一套中基性火山岩,并且底部含有厚度超过100m的苦橄岩;中泥盆世蕴都喀拉组为一套浅海相细碎屑沉积岩夹中性、中基性火山岩;晚泥盆世江孜尔库都克组为火山碎屑岩夹中基性和中酸性火山岩组合;而晚石炭世巴塔玛依内山组以玄武岩和玄武安山岩为主,夹凝灰岩、粉砂岩和炭质页岩。对这4个组火山岩的主要元素、微量元素地球化学特征研究表明,北塔山组和蕴都喀拉组为拉斑和钙碱性系列,并且均具有大离子亲石元素(LILE)富集,而高场强元素与MORB相当,说明其为岛弧环境。江孜尔库都克组火山岩为钾玄岩系列,并且具有较高的LILE富集,表明其形成于岛弧演化的晚期阶段;巴塔玛依内山组火山岩为碱性系列,并且具有强烈富集LILE的特征,指示了其形成于大陆板内环境。因此,从火山岩的时间和空间演化来看,本区晚古生代火山岩与准噶尔洋板块向北的俯冲有关,西伯利亚板块和准噶尔板块的碰撞发生在早石炭-晚石炭世。     

Heavy metals in sediments of the rhine and elbe estuaries: Mobilization or mixing effect?

On their way from the Rhine estuary into the North Sea and Dutch Wadden Sea, Rhine sediments “lose” large portions of their original heavy metal concentrations. Until now these losses were explained by a mobilization process, solubilization — the decomposition products of organic matter form soluble organometallic complexes with the metals of the sediment. Our investigations of the sediments of the Elbe clearly indicate that a mixing process, whereby highly polluted Elbe sediments mix with relatively non-polluted North Sea sediments, rather than solubilization, is the cause of the dilution of heavy metals in the sediments of the Elbe estuary. Because of the similarity of the Elbe data with those from the Rhine River, we propose that a mixing process is also effective in the Rhine estuary and adjacent North Sea areas. The mechanism by which heavy metals are “diluted” is important to the marine ecosystem. In the mixing process proposed in this paper, the heavy metals fixed to the suspected material are trapped in bottom sediments of the marine environment, whereas solubilization would increase the concentration of heavy metals in the sea water and thus they would be more available for uptake by aquatic organisms.     

滇中地区晚三叠世的重力流沉积及其地质意义

上三叠统云南驿组一段下部是钙质浊积岩,上部为陆源碎屑浊积岩及少量火山碎屑浊积岩;二段的角砾状灰岩有坍塌和重力滑动两种成因,夹钙质浊积岩。罗家大山组一段由火山碎屑质的碎屑流、浊流和颗粒流沉积组成,夹基性熔岩。它们是滇中裂谷的记录,物源区在西边,构成中国西南部三叠纪古特提斯的一部分。     

Geochemistry of evaporite-bearing series: A tentative guide for the identification of metaevaporites

Literature on metasedimentary rocks indicates that former evaporites have been assumed where brines are present as fluid inclusions or minerals such as scapolite, tourmaline and lazurite, which are considered as evidence of equilibria with brines. Very few works take into account the chemical composition of rocks, because chemical data on evaporite-bearing sedimentary series are scarce.This paper is a contribution to a geochemical approach: 172 analyses of major and trace elements are given on argillites, dolomitic marls and mixed sulphate rocks from some large evaporitic series, mainly from the Triassic of France, the Devonian of the Canning Basin and the Proterozoc of the Amadeus Basin in Australia. Compared with rocks from common platform series, these samples clearly exhibit specific chemical features: high Mg contents, high Mg/Ca ratios except for Ca-sulphate-rich rocks and relatively low iron contents caused by the widespread occurrence of Mg-rich clay minerals. Though sulphate-bearing rocks often show low Mg/Ca ratios, their chemical composition clearly indicates Mg-rich clay fractions. K content is high while Na is low, except in a few halite-bearing rocks. Argillites are characterized by high Li and F contents, and high Li/Mg and B/A1 ratios, while major amounts of Sr are recorded in sulphatebearing rocks.Application to metamorphic series is discussed with some illustrative examples. Though chemical changes during metamorphism are probably frequent in series of evaporitic origin, some relations between Al, Fe, Mg, Ca are often maintained. Under nearly isochemical conditions, the resulting metasediments exhibit abundant phlogopite through a large part of the metamorphic column, owing to high Mg, K and F contents. Such rocks are, for instance, well developed in the Zambian Copperbelt, Central Africa. Although further investigations are needed both on nonmetamorphic and metamorphic evaporite sequences, the efficiency of this approach for identifying an evaporitic origin is well established.     

Determining Biogenic Silica in Marine Samples by Tracking Silicate and Aluminium Concentrations in Alkaline Leaching Solutions

This study introduces an alkaline leaching technique for the simultaneous analysis of biogenic silica and aluminium in sediments. Measuring aluminium facilitates the discrimination between silica from the biogenic (BSiO₂) and the non-biogenic fraction, because it originates almost solely from the lithogenic phase. The method was tested using fine-grained silicagel, standard clay minerals, artificial sediments, and natural samples ranging from fresh diatoms to aged sediment from different depositional settings. To determine the BSiO₂ content, four different models each describing the dissolution curves, but of increasing complexity, were applied and for each different type of sample the optimum model was selected on the basis of F-test statistics. For mixtures of silicagel and clay minerals, the contribution of Si from the dissolution of clay was negligible compared to Si originating from silicagel. For natural samples with high clay content, complex dissolution curves were observed and single-phase first order dissolution was the exception. This deviation from `ideal' behavior could only be recognized because of high-resolution sampling, especially in the first 20 minutes of the experiment. For most of the samples, the distinction between the biogenic silica fraction and the silica originating from dissolution of clays could be made on the basis of the Si/Al ratios and reactivity constants of the dissolving phases calculated with the models. Clay minerals typically dissolve slowly at a Si/Al ratio close to 1–2, depending on the type of clay mineral. In contrast, biogenic silica displays a wide range of reactivities and Si/Al ratios. Fresh biogenic silica from the water column usually has a high reactivity and a low Al content. Aged biogenic silica from the sediments has a lower reactivity, but Si/Al ratios as low as 5 were found. The method as described here therefore presents an accurate method to analyze biogenic silica in marine sediments with a relatively high clay mineral content.     

Geochemistry of approximately 1.9 Ga sedimentary rocks from northeastern Labrador, Canada

Fifty-eight rock chips from fifteen samples of sedimentary rocks from the Ramah Group (approximately 1.9 Ga) in northeastern Labrador, Canada, were analyzed for major and minor elements, including C and S, to elucidate weathering processes on the Earth's surface about 1.9 Ga ago. The samples come from the Rowsell Harbour, Reddick Bight, and Nullataktok Formations. Two rock series, graywackes-gray shales of the Rowsell Harbour, Reddick Bight and Nullataktok Formations, and black shales of the Nullataktok Formation, are distinguishable on the basis of lithology, mineralogy, and major and trace element chemistry. The black shales show lower concentrations than the graywackes-gray shales in TiO2 (0.3-0.7 wt% vs. 0.7-1.8 wt%), Al2O3 (9.5-20.1 wt% vs. 13.0-25.0 wt%), and sigma Fe (<1 wt% vs. 3.8-13.9 wt% as FeO). Contents of Zr, Th, U, Nb, Ce, Y, Rb, Y, Co, and Ni are also lower in the black shales. The source rocks for the Ramah Group sediments were probably Archean gneisses with compositions similar to those in Labrador and western Greenland. The major element chemistry of source rocks for the Ramah Group sedimentary rocks was estimated from the Al2O3/TiO2 ratios of the sedimentary rocks and the relationship between the major element contents (e.g., SiO2 wt%) and Al2O3/TiO2 ratios of the Archean gneisses. This approach is justified, because the Al/Ti ratios of shales generally retain their source rock values; however, the Zr/Al, Zr/Ti, and Cr/Ni ratios fractionate during the transport of sediments. The measured SiO2 contents of shales in the Ramah Group are generally higher than the estimated SiO2 contents of source rocks by approximately 5 wt%. This correction may also have to be applied when estimating average crustal compositions from shales. Two provenances were recognized for the Ramah Group sediments. Provenance I was comprised mostly of rocks of bimodal compositions, one with SiO2 contents approximately 45 wt% and the other approximately 65 wt%, and was the source for most sedimentary rocks of the Ramah Group, except for black shales of the Nullataktok Formation. The black shales were apparently derived from Provenance II that was comprised mostly of felsic rocks with SiO2 contents approximately 65 wt%. Comparing the compositions of the Ramah Group sedimentary rocks and their source rocks, we have recognized that several major elements, especially Ca and Mg, were lost almost entirely from the source rocks during weathering and sedimentation. Sodium and potassium were also leached almost entirely during the weathering of the source rocks. However, significant amounts of Na were added to the black shales and K to all the rock types during diagenesis and/or regional metamorphism. The intensity of weathering of source rocks for the Ramah Group sediments was much higher than that of typical Phanerozoic sediments, possibly because of a higher PCO2 in the Proterozoic atmosphere. Compared to the source rock values, the Fe3+/Ti ratios of many of the graywackes and gray shales of the Ramah Group are higher, the Fe2+/Ti ratios are lower, and the sigma Fe/Ti ratios are the same. Such characteristics of the Fe geochemistry indicate that these sedimentary rocks are comprised of soils formed by weathering of source rocks under an oxygen-rich atmosphere. The atmosphere about 1.9 Ga was, therefore, oxygen rich. Typical black shales of Phanerozoic age exhibit positive correlations between the organic C contents and the concentrations of S, U, and Mo, because these elements are enriched in oxygenated seawater and are removed from seawater by organic matter in sediments. However, such correlations are not found in the Ramah Group sediments. Black shales of the Ramah Group contain 1.7-2.8 wt% organic C, but are extremely depleted in sigma Fe (<1 wt% as FeO), S (<0.3 wt%), U (approximately l ppm), Mo (<5 ppm), Ni (<2 ppm), and Co (approximately 0 ppm). This lack of correlation, however, does not imply that the approximately 1.9 Ga atmosphere-ocean system was anoxic. Depletion of these elements from the Ramah Group sediments may have occurred during diagenesis.     

阿尔泰喀纳斯早泥盆纪钾质富镁英安岩：俯冲沉积物熔体交代

阿尔泰造山带喀纳斯地区出露一套钾质富镁英安岩,锆石U Pb定年显示其形成于早泥盆世（411±4 Ma）。该套英安岩富SiO2（6471～6777 wt％）,MgO（328～353 wt％）和K2O（212～275 wt％）,贫Na2O（170～185 wt％）,K2O/Na2O比值介于（120～153）,具较高的Al2O3（1412～1533 wt％）和较低的CaO（112～128 wt％）,ASI指数>18,显示过铝质钙碱性岩浆系列特征,明显不同于初始的高镁安山质岩浆。样品具有中等的Cr（134×10-6～153×10-6）、Co（1747×10-6～1865×10-6）、Ni（71.64×10-6～80.76×10-6）含量,富集大离子亲石元素Rb、K和高场强元素U、Th、Pb及LREE,发育Sr、Ba及“TNT”（Ta、Nb、Ti）负异常,显示俯冲带岩浆岩地球化学特征。其高的Mg#（5171～5247）和低的εNd(t)值（-46～-42）说明该套火山岩可能来自遭受强烈交代作用的地幔楔部分熔融。样品具有较高的Ba/La、Pb/La比值和较低的Th/Yb、Nb/Y比值,显示地幔交代作用以俯冲沉积物熔体的交代作用为主。以上地球化学特征说明,喀纳斯钾质富镁英安岩可能主要是受俯冲沉积物熔体交代的上覆地幔橄榄岩部分熔融的产物,阿尔泰泥盆纪处于俯冲作用相关的活动大陆边缘构造环境。此外,该套火山岩的形成时代制约了其下覆的哈巴河群沉积上限,显示哈巴河群沉积于早泥盆世之前。     

黄土和红粘土中宇宙成因核素定年的潜力: 10 Be浓度与化学成分的关系*

宇宙成因核素¹⁰ Be(半衰期1.5Ma)不但是古环境变化的示踪剂,而且具有确定地质年龄的能力。80个全岩样品的¹⁰ Be和化学分析数据表明,黄土高原约6Ma以来的红粘土和黄土序列中年龄校正的¹⁰ Be浓度与沉积物粒度和风化程度的化学指标具有显著的关系。根据这种关系建立的¹⁰ Be浓度与化学指标的经验回归线性模型,可以估计红粘土和黄土形成时的¹⁰ Be浓度,确定红粘土和黄土形成的¹⁰ Be放射性年龄。     

南岭大东山花岗岩的形成时代与成因——SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄、元素和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素地球化学

中国东南部南岭地区广泛出露以弱过铝质黑云母二长花岗岩和黑云母钾长花岗岩为主的燕山早期花岗质岩石,其成因有待进一步研究。大东山岩体岩性主要为黑云母二长花岗岩和黑云母钾长花岗岩,两个样品的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb 年龄为165±2 Ma 和159±2 Ma,与区域南岭系列的黑云母花岗岩的主要形成时代一致。花岗岩样品以高硅（SiO2 > 72%）、高钾（K2O/Na2O > 1.6）、富碱（K2O + Na2O = 7.36% ~ 9.31%）和弱过铝质（集中于ASI = 1.00 ~ 1.11）为特征。微量和稀土元素组成上,岩体富Rb, Th 和LREE,贫Ba, Nb, Sr, P 和Ti, Eu 负异常显著（δEu = 0.06 ~ 0.34）。多数样品的Zr,Ce, Nb 和Y 含量总和小于350×10-6,10 000 × Ga/Al 值低于典型的A 型花岗岩。同位素组成上,样品具有高I sr（ 0.7123 ~ 0.7193）和低εN（d t）（-9.3~ -11.5）的特点,两阶段Nd 模式年龄为1.70~1.89 Ga ;与全岩εNd（t）不同,岩浆锆石的εHf（t）具有较大的变化范围（-3.5~ -11.8）。矿物学及地球化学结果表明大东山是一个高分异的I 型花岗岩岩体。岩体岩浆很可能是由元古代火成岩石部分熔融形成,并伴随有少量年轻或新生幔源物质的加入,岩浆上升侵位的过程中发生混合、结晶分异作用。