贵阳花溪地区下、中三叠统层序地层及其海平面变化

早、中三叠世时贵阳花溪地区可以划分为3个沉积相区：台地相区、台缘相区和盆地相区。在对不同相带内典型剖面详细观察和层序界面识别基础上,在下、中三叠统中划分出4个Ⅰ型沉积层序和1个Ⅱ型层序。通过研究剖面纵向的沉积相变和横向低位岩楔的位置迁移,认为研究区在早—中三叠世经历了一个完整的二级海平面升降旋回,早三叠世与全球海平面变...     

四川广元地区早、中三叠世层序地层研究

根据海相层序地层理论和研究方法，通过对四川北部广元地区早、中三叠世沉积地层露头剖面的详细研究。划分出1个二级层序和6个三级层序。根据沉积层序和体系域的演化特征，编制了相对海平面变化曲线。通过区内沉积层序的划分对比，初步建立了广元地区早、中三叠世海相地层的层序地层格架。     

黔南桂中地区二叠纪—中三叠世沉积充填特征及演化过程

对野外露头、钻井剖面进行了层序界面识别和层序地层分析,重新厘定了研究区二叠系—中三叠统不同相区的地层划分对比方案,将研究区二叠系—中三叠统划分出2个超层序和19个三级层序;以超层序体系域为编图单元,编制了研究区二叠纪—中三叠世层序岩相古地理图,系统揭示了研究区二叠纪—中三叠世各超层序的不同体系域的相带发育规律;分析了研究区二叠纪—中三叠世3个盆地演化阶段(被动陆缘裂谷盆地阶段、弧后裂谷盆地阶段、前陆盆地阶段)的盆地充填特征,并建立了相对海平面升降过程中的沉积充填过程及动态演化模式,提出了研究区被动陆缘裂谷盆地阶段和弧后裂谷盆地阶段的低位期为盆-隆相间期,海侵期为台-盆相间的建设期,高位期为台-盆相间格局定型期,中三叠世的受印支运动破坏了台-盆相间格局,转化为前陆盆地的浊积岩沉积。     

中国南方海相震旦系—中三叠统层序划分与对比

在对中国南方不同地区海相震旦系－中三叠统基干剖面和辅助剖面详细观测研究的基础上，对震旦系－中三叠统进行了系统的层序划分对比，其识别出13个超层序和99个三级层序，讨论了13个超层序的特征，建立了中国南方海相震旦系－中三叠统的层序格架。总体上看各超层序在整个中国南方不同盆地、不同相带的剖面上可以完全对比，但同一个超层序内所包含的三级层序个数及完整性有所不同。对于三级沉积层序来说，半数以上可以得到化石带较为准确的年代控制并在同一个构造分区甚至整个中国南方进行对比，部分层序甚至还可以在三级层序的体系域层次进行对比。表明从整个中国南方来看二级相对海平面升降变化更具有一致性，而三级相对海平面的变化规律在不同盆地、不同相带有所差异。     

黔中、黔南下、中三叠统沉积相和层序地层

本文记述了对黔中、黔南地区早、中三叠世的碳酸盐岩和陆源的屑岩沉积的分析研究结果,着重讨论了该区沉积层序及其形成机制。早二叠世该区为缓坡,中三叠世演变为陡坡,沉积层序发生了变化。沉积盆地边缘沉积与海平面波动有密切关系,对斜坡上的层序地层及海平面波动作了初步研究。     

四川宣汉七里峡T3x/T2l界线沉积环境演化分析

中-晚三叠世之交是四川盆地海陆转换的关键时期,区内中三叠统雷口坡组和上三叠统须家河组是研究该时期古生物多样性变化与古气候环境演化的重要地层单元。四川宣汉七里峡剖面出露完整连续且层序清晰的中三叠世与晚三叠世海陆过渡相地层,是进行四川盆地中-晚三叠世海陆转换研究的理想剖面。基于沉积学理论与研究方法,根据七里峡剖面的沉积岩类型、颜色、构造并结合包裹体、有机碳同位素以及古生物和聚煤特征,将宣汉七里峡地区中三叠统雷口坡组与上三叠统须家河组界线地层沉积相划分为蒸发台地-澙湖潮坪-滨岸沼泽-河口砂坝等类型,揭示了一个完整的海侵-海退旋回。结合古植物和孢粉等化石资料,对宣汉地区晚三叠世初期的古气候特征进行简要分析。     

广西早,中三叠世层序地层

广西三叠系发育良好，是研究层地层理想地区之一，笔者以剖面调查为基础，根据地层结构及不整合界面，将早中三叠世地层初步划分出６－７个三级层序，均属海平面升降和构造复合叠加控制型高频率层序，反映早中三叠世经历了６－７次较大的海平面升降旋迥。早三叠世总体表现以海侵为主，中三叠世以海退为主，早三叠世初期和早中三叠世交接时期为最大海侵期，安尼锡克初期转为最大海退期。     

苏南地区三叠纪地层格架

根据关键界面识别,苏南地区三叠纪地层可划分为3个层序。时限分别为早三叠世印度期、早三叠世奥伦期—中三叠世安尼期、中三叠世拉丁期—晚三叠世卡尼期。岩相和地层结构分析表明,本区存在碳酸盐缓坡沉积、镶边碳酸盐台地沉积、碳酸盐潮坪—泻湖沉积、陆缘近海湖泊沉积、湖泊—沼泽沉积等5个沉积体系。经历了3次海平面升降     

滇东南中三叠世拉丁期沉积体系与层序地层格架下的聚锰特征

为了研究海平面变化对含锰岩系的影响,找到沉积型锰矿层的分布规律。本文综合利用地层剖面岩相组合、沉积构造序列、生物化石标志等分析了滇东南地区中三叠世拉丁期含锰岩系的沉积体系与其空间配置格局。在此基础上,通过对不同古地理背景下层序界面及体系域界面的识别,建立了研究区中三叠世拉丁期的层序地层格架。总结了锰矿层位的空间叠置关系及其形成机制,指出海平面快速上升过程中的低速率沉积期最有利于锰矿沉积成矿,并提出研究区锰矿成矿模式:由于海平面区域性下降,由构造活动或风化淋滤带来的锰矿物质,在凹陷或者低洼部位聚集,伴随新一轮海平面快速上升,促使凹陷或者低洼部位更加封闭缺氧,达到锰矿进一步富集,最终在蓝绿藻类生物化学作用下成矿。     

皖南地区二叠纪层序地层研究

以层序地层学理论为基础 ,根据皖南地区二叠系钻孔、测井和露头剖面等资料 ,详细研究了该区二叠纪层序地层及海平面变化 ,划分了沉积层序和沉积体系域 ,探讨了界面性质、层序类型及层序特征。本区二叠系可划分出 2个 级和 4个 级层序。2个 级层序的时限分别对应早二叠世和晚二叠世 ,这与中国南方二叠纪构造旋回盆地变更时限相一致。 4个 级层序分别对应于栖霞阶、茅口阶、龙潭阶和长兴阶。栖霞阶和龙潭阶为 类沉积层序 ,其层序底界为类型 界线不整合 ;茅口阶和长兴阶为 类层序 ,其底界为类型 界线不整合。区内低水位体系域不发育 ,沉积层序基本上由海侵体系域和高水位体系域组成。二叠纪存在四次三级海平面变化周期和二次二级海平面变化周期 ,后者可能与全球海平面升降有关。早二叠世早期的海侵及晚期的海退可能代表大区域性的海平面升降。     

Sedimentary Facies Architectures of Third-Order Sequences from Early to Middle Triassic in Nanpanjiang Basin

There are complex and regular changes on sedimentary facies from the Early to the Middle Triassic in the Nanpanjiang basin. After the obvious drowned event of carbonate platforms in the transitional period between Permian and Triassic, carbonate platforms have evolved into the ramp type from the rimmed-shelf type. The differentiation of sedimentary facies becomes dearer in space, which are marked by the changes from an attached platform to a turbidity basin and several isolated platforms in the basin. The striking characteristics are the development of oolitic banks on isolated platforms in Nanning and Jingxi and the reef- and bank-limestones in the margin of the attached platform in the Early Triassic. Despite the difference of the time-span and the architectnre of fades succession of third-order sedimentary sequences, the process of the third-order relative sea-level changes reflected by the sedimentary facies succession of the third-order sequences is generally synchronous. Therefore, six third-order sequences could be discerned in the strata from the Early to the Middle Triassic in the Nanpanjiang basin. Using two types of facies changing surfaces and two types of diachronisms in stratigraphic records as the key elements, the sedimentary facies architectures of the third-order sequences that represent sequence stratigraphic frameworks from the Early to the Middle Triassic in the Nanpanjiang basin could be constructed.     

准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷晚二叠世至中三叠世古气候、物源及构造背景

二叠纪-三叠纪之交重大地质转折期,海相地质记录指示全球发生了一系列显著的生物和环境事件, 但是,该时期陆相古气候、古风化作用等方面的研究还很薄弱,争议较大.为了恢复新疆准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷上二叠统乌尔禾组至中三叠统克拉玛依组的古气候、物源特征等, 本研究对玛湖凹陷钻井岩心中的泥岩样品开展了全岩主量和微量元素测试,采用多种化学风化指数判定源区风化程度及古气候条件,通过多种地球化学比值及图解来恢复源岩岩性及其构造背景.化学蚀变指数(Chemical Index of Alteration, CIA)、化学风化指数(Chemical Index of Weathering, CIW)、Parker风化指数(Weathering Index of Parker, WIP)和斜长石蚀变指数(Plagioclase Index of Alteration, PIA)等多种化学风化作用指标均指示,玛湖凹陷自晚二叠世至早三叠世发生显著的风化作用变化,由低等程度的化学风化作用转变为中等程度的化学风化作用,某些季节可能会较为温暖湿润,且在整个早三叠世保持大致稳定,在早三叠世晚期稍减弱,这与锶同位素反映的全球风化作用变化趋势一致.中三叠世时的化学风化作用与早三叠世相比,并未降低,反而稍有增加,这可能代表了地区性事件.早三叠世化学风化作用显著增强的原因可能在于全球变暖、植被破坏及季节性降雨增加等.此外,上二叠统乌尔禾组至中三叠统克拉玛依组的物源岩性主要为长英质火成岩,源岩形成时的构造背景可能为大洋岛弧环境.      

Evaluation of bulk carbonate δ13C data from Triassic hemipelagites and the initial composition of carbonate mud

Bulk carbonate samples of hemipelagic limestone–marl alternations from the Middle and Upper Triassic of Italy are analysed for their isotopic compositions. Middle Triassic samples are representative of the Livinallongo Formation of the Dolomites, while Upper Triassic hemipelagites were sampled in the Pignola 2 section, within the Calcari con Selce Formation of the Southern Apennines in Southern Italy. Triassic hemipelagites occur either as nodular limestones with chert nodules or as plane‐bedded limestone–marl alternations which are locally silicified. In the Middle Triassic Livinallongo Formation, diagenetic alteration primarily affected the stable isotopic composition of sediment surrounding carbonate nodules, whereas the latter show almost pristine compositions. Diagenesis lowered the carbon and oxygen isotope values of bulk carbonate and introduced a strong correlation between δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O values. In the Middle Triassic successions of the Dolomites, bulk carbonate of nodular limestone facies is most commonly unaltered, whereas carbonate of the plane‐bedded facies is uniformly affected by diagenetic alteration. In contrast to carbonate nodules, plane‐bedded facies often show compaction features. Although both types of pelagic carbonate rocks show very similar petrographic characteristics, scanning electron microscopy studies reveal that nodular limestone consists of micrite (< 5 μm in diameter), whereas samples of the plane‐bedded facies are composed of calcite crystals ca 10 μm in size showing pitted, polished surfaces. These observations suggest that nodular and plane‐bedded facies underwent different diagenetic pathways determined by the prevailing mineralogy of the precursor sediment, i.e. probably high‐Mg calcite in the nodular facies and aragonite in the case of the plane‐bedded facies. Similar to Middle Triassic nodular facies, Upper Triassic nodular limestones of the Lagonegro Basin are also characterized by uncorrelated δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O values and exhibit small, less than 5 μm size, crystals. The alternation of calcitic and aragonitic precursors in the Middle Triassic of the Dolomites is thought to mirror rapid changes in the type of carbonate production of adjacent platforms. Bioturbation and dissolution of metastable carbonate grains played a key role during early lithification of nodular limestone beds, whereby early stabilization recorded the carbon isotopic composition of sea water. The bulk carbonate δ¹³C values of Middle and Upper Triassic hemipelagites from Italy agree with those of Tethyan low‐Mg calcite shells of articulate brachiopods, confirming that Triassic hemipelagites retained the primary carbon isotopic composition of the bottom sea water. A trend of increasing δ¹³C from the Late Anisian to the Early Carnian, partly seen in the data set presented here, is also recognized in successions from tropical palaeolatitudes elsewhere. The carbon isotopic composition of Middle and Upper Triassic nodular hemipelagic limestones can thus be used for chemostratigraphic correlation and palaeoenvironmental studies.     

秦祁昆结合部早中三叠世构造古地理

论述了秦祁昆结合带早中三叠世时不同地区的沉积环境、盆地格架、构造古地理等特征．根据岩石组合特征、沉积特征和古生物化石组合，分析研究了早中三叠世秦祁昆结合带地层的相变、超覆、穿时现象．论述了闹仓坚沟组的岩石组合特征、岩相、时代，并对其含义进行了修订，认为闹仓坚沟组的时代是早中三叠世，由灰岩和碎屑岩组成，灰岩从底部上穿到顶部与碎屑岩呈相变关系．并阐述了秦祁昆结合带的沉积、构造古地理特征。     

Depositional facies,environments and sequence stratigraphic interpretation of the Middle Triassic–Lower Cretaceous (pre-Late Albian) succession in Arif El-Naga anticline,northeast Sinai,Egypt

The Middle Triassic–Lower Cretaceous (pre-Late Albian) succession of Arif El-Naga anticline comprises various distinctive facies and environments that are connected with eustatic relative sea-level changes, local/regional tectonism, variable sediment influx and base-level changes. It displays six unconformity-bounded depositional sequences. The Triassic deposits are divided into a lower clastic facies (early Middle Triassic sequence) and an upper carbonate unit (late Middle- and latest Middle/early Late Triassic sequences). The early Middle Triassic sequence consists of sandstone with shale/mudstone interbeds that formed under variable regimes, ranging from braided fluvial, lower shoreface to beach foreshore. The marine part of this sequence marks retrogradational and progradational parasequences of transgressive- and highstand systems tract deposits respectively. Deposition has taken place under warm semi-arid climate and a steady supply of clastics. The late Middle- and latest Middle/early Late Triassic sequences are carbonate facies developed on an extensive shallow marine shelf under dry-warm climate. The late Middle Triassic sequence includes retrogradational shallow subtidal oyster rudstone and progradational lower intertidal lime-mudstone parasequences that define the transgressive- and highstand systems tracts respectively. It terminates with upper intertidal oncolitic packstone with bored upper surface. The next latest Middle/early Late Triassic sequence is marked by lime-mudstone, packstone/grainstone and algal stromatolitic bindstone with minor shale/mudstone. These lower intertidal/shallow subtidal deposits of a transgressive-systems tract are followed upward by progradational highstand lower intertidal lime-mudstone deposits. The overlying Jurassic deposits encompass two different sequences. The Lower Jurassic sequence is made up of intercalating lower intertidal lime-mudstone and wave-dominated beach foreshore sandstone which formed during a short period of rising sea-level with a relative increase in clastic supply. The Middle-Upper Jurassic sequence is represented by cycles of cross-bedded sandstone topped with thin mudstone that accumulated by northerly flowing braided-streams accompanying regional uplift of the Arabo–Nubian shield. It is succeeded by another regressive fluvial sequence of Early Cretaceous age due to a major eustatic sea-level fall. The Lower Cretaceous sequence is dominated by sandy braided-river deposits with minor overbank fines and basal debris flow conglomerate.     

西秦岭二叠纪－三叠纪遗迹化石及其环境意义

本文系统描述和研究了西秦岭合作至夏河间晚二叠世和临潭至岷县以南早、中三叠世复理石相中发现的遗迹化石,并得出以下认识：１）各遗迹组合都属与浊流有关的深海“Ｎｅｒｅｉｔｅｓ”遗迹相,都不具远洋沉积中遗迹组合特征;２）各遗迹组合所指示的海水深度都介于深水斜坡环境的中等水深范围内,最深不超过２０００ｍ;３）早三叠世遗迹化石潜穴管普遍细于中三叠世,表明前者属水体循环差的缺氧环境,后者为开放型海盆;４）根据遗迹组合空间分布的差异,认为在三叠纪时北特提斯北缘的深水斜坡带的海水深度呈现出西深东浅的变化趋势。     

西秦岭二叠纪－三叠纪遗迹化石及其环境意义

本文系统描述和研究了西秦岭合作至夏河间晚二叠世和临潭至岷县以南早、中三叠世复理石相中发现的遗迹化石,并得出以下认识:1)各遗迹组合都属与浊流有关的深海“Nereites”遗迹相,都不具远洋沉积中遗迹组合特征;2)各遗迹组合所指示的海水深度都介于深水斜坡环境的中等水深范围内,最深不超过2000m;3)早三叠世遗迹化石潜穴管普遍细于中三叠世,表明前者属水体循环差的缺氧环境,后者为开放型海盆;4)根据遗迹组合空间分布的差异,认为在三叠纪时北特提斯北缘的深水斜坡带的海水深度呈现出西深东浅的变化趋势。     

Late Permian–early Middle Triassic back-arc basin development in West Qinling,China

The Late Permian–early Middle Triassic strata of the northern West Qinling area, northeastern Tibetan Plateau, are composed of sediment gravity flow deposits. Detailed sedimentary facies analysis indicates these strata were deposited in three successive deep-marine environments. The Late Permian–early Early Triassic strata of the Maomaolong Formation and the lowest part of the Longwuhe Formation define a NW–SE trending proximal slope environment. Facies of the Early Triassic strata composing the middle and upper Longwuhe Formation are consistent with deposition in a base-of-slope apron environment, whereas facies of the Middle Triassic Anisian age Gulangdi Formation are more closely associated with a base-of-slope fan depositional environment. The lithofacies and the spatial–temporal changes in paleocurrent data from these strata suggest the opening of a continental margin back-arc basin system during Late Permian to early Middle Triassic time in the northern West Qinling. U–Pb zircon ages for geochemically varied igneous rocks with diabasic through granitic compositions intruded into these deep-marine strata range from 250 to 234 Ma. These observations are consistent with extensional back-arc basin development and rifting between the Permian–Triassic Eastern Kunlun arc and North China block during the continent–continent collision and underthrusting of the South China block northward beneath the Qinling terrane of the North China block. Deep-marine sedimentation ended in the northern West Qinling by the Middle Triassic Ladinian age, but started in the southern West Qinling and Songpan-Ganzi to the south. We attribute these observations to southward directed rollback of Paleo-Tethys oceanic lithosphere, continued attenuation of the West Qinling on the upper plate, local post-rift isostatic compensation in the northern West Qinling area, and continued opening of a back-arc basin in the southern West Qinling and Songpan-Ganzi. Rollback and back-arc basin development during Late Permian to early Middle Triassic time in the West Qinling area explains: the truncated map pattern of the Eastern Kunlun arc, the age difference of deep-marine sediment gravity flow deposits between the Late Permian–early Middle Triassic northern West Qinling and the late Middle Triassic–Late Triassic southern West Qinling and Songpan-Ganzi, and the discontinuous trace of ophiolitic rocks associated with the Anyemaqen-Kunlun suture.     

内蒙古化德地区二叠纪—三叠纪侵入岩年代学及地球化学特征：对古亚洲洋东段构造演化的制约

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