中华乌塘鳢肌肉的生化成分和能值

测定了中华包塘鳢肌肉的水分、蛋白质、旨肪、碳水化合物等生经成分和能值，分析了其氨基酸的种类组成和含量。结果表明：（１）中华乌塘鳢肌肉中的蛋白质含量很高，占干重的８２．０１％－８７．８０％，脂类含量低，只有３．７７％－７．５０％；（２）中华乌塘鳢的比能值及能量与蛋白质的比值较低，分别为４．４９３－５。１９９ｋＪ／ｇ鲜重和２５．７９７－２８．３１４ｋＪ／ｇ；（３）蛋白质中氨基酸的种类齐全，含量高其中成     

台湾地区湖泊水库悬浮颗粒有机质之碳、氢、氧、氮、硫元素计量分析

对台湾地区１８个湖泊水库水体中悬浮颗粒有机质之碳，氢，氧，氮，硫和叶绿素α的含量进行了分析，其中ＰＯＯ乃首度以元素分析仪直接测量。结果为，ＰＯＣ，ＰＯＨ，ＰＯＯ，ＰＯＮ，ＰＯＳ含量分别介于１３８－８３７０μｇ／Ｌ，１３．７－９２６．１μｇ／Ｌ，３１－２６２３μｍ／Ｌ，１４－１２６５μｇ／Ｌ，１．９－４９．７μｇ／Ｌ之间，Ｃｈ１．ａ含量则介于０．３１－９６．７５μｇ／Ｌ之间，ＰＯＭ元素间原子数关系为     

中国对虾幼虾饲料中最佳蛋白能量比研究

实验对不同规格的中国对虾（０．３６８～０．６９９ｇ;１．０２５～１．５２５ｇ）投喂饲料的最佳可消化蛋白质与可消化能比值（ＤＰ／ＤＥ）进行了研究。将精制饲料配成３个蛋白水平,每个蛋白水平包括４个能量级。实验结果表明：不同时期中国对虾对蛋白利用率不同,较大规格的对虾对蛋白质利用率比较小规格高;对于以上２个不同规格的中国对虾,饲料最适ＤＰ／ＤＥ分别在１４５．２ｍｇ／ｋｃａｌ和１３６．４ｍｇ／ｋｃａｌ时,获得最大增重率、最佳蛋白质效率和最低饲料系数;存活率有随蛋白质含量增加而增加的趋势。     

罐头食品厂废水培养螺旋藻的研究

采用正交试验法对利用罐头食品厂废水培养螺旋藻进行了研究,得出最大藻产量培养配方为：２００ｍＬ处理后废水,１．６ｇ ＮａＨＣＯ＾３,０．０６ｇＫ２ＨＰＯ＾４,０．４２ｇ ＮａＮＯ３,０．０８ｇ粗海盐;最佳培养方案组合为：２００ｍＬ处理后废水,０．２８ｇ ＮａＮＯ３,０．０８ｇ粗海盐。产量分别比对照组高出９．８％和５．２％,节且节约了原料,降低了螺旋藻的生产成本。螺旋藻的蛋白质含量为３３．５％￣３６．     

红树植物繁殖体发育过程的能量变化

探讨了桐花树（Ａｅｇｉｃｅｒａｓ ｃｏｒｎｉｃｕｌａｔｕｍ）、秋茄（Ｋａｎｄｅｌｉａ ｃａｎｄｅｌ）、角果木（Ｃｅｒｉｏｐｓ ｔａｇａｌ）、海莲（Ｂｒｕｇｕｉｅｒａ ｓｅｘａｎｇｕｌａ）和木榄（Ｂｒｕｇｕｉｅｒａ ｇｙｍｎｏｒｒｈｉｚａ）５种红树植物繁殖体的热值最高是桐花树,为２０．４２３ＫＪ／ｇ,花的热值最低是木榄,为１９．２１４ＫＪ／ｇ;果的热值最高是角果木,为２０．２５５ＫＪ／ｇ,果的热值最     

牙鲆鱼耗氧率、氮排泄率与体重及温度的关系

对个体重２．５～３４．５ｇ的牙鲆幼鱼在不同水温（１２、１７、２２、２７℃）下的耗氧率和氮排泄率进行了测试和分析。结果表明，牙鲆幼鱼的耗氧率和氮排泄率均随体重的增加而增加，其差异均达到极显著水平（Ｐ＜０．０１）；牙鲆幼鱼的耗氧率随水温上升而增加，但仅２７℃组与其他３个温度梯度组分别比较，出现差异极其显著（Ｐ＜０．０１），后３个温度梯度组之间的差异则不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）；牙鲆幼鱼的氮排泄率也随温度的提高而增加，其差异亦达到极显著水平（Ｐ＜０．０１）。作者认为，在牙鲆养殖生产过程中，养殖水体溶解氧应维持在３ｍｇ／Ｌ以上，养殖水温以不超过２７℃为宜。     

鲻鱼人工育苗研究

本文报道了１９９１－１９９御鲻鱼人工育苗的研究结果，在水温２４．０－２６．０℃，盐度２．０－３０．０和ｐＨ值８．２１－８．２６的条件下，初孵仔鱼经培育３８日龄变态为幼鱼，全长达２５．１０ｍｍ；１９９４－１９９５年及１９９５－１９９６年度分别育出幼鱼５１２４０属及１１２０４９尾，育苗成活率为５．９％－１２．０％《文中介绍了饵料系列，鱼苗生长与发育观察研究结果。     

栉孔扇贝四倍体的研究Ⅰ:细胞松驰素B诱导

利用细胞松驰素Ｂ抑制栉孔扇贝Ｃｈｌａｍｙｓ（Ａｚｕｍａｐｅｃｔｅｎ）ｆａｒｒｅｒｉ受精卵的第一极体的放出和第一次有丝分裂获得四倍体。在２０℃条件下，卵子受精后１０ｍｉｎ，０．５μｇ／ｍｌ的ＣＢ持续处理１０ｍｉｎ、２０ｍｉｎ抑制第一极体排出，结果三倍体率和四倍体率分别为３８．３８％、３９．７５％和２８．４２％、３０．２４％；在２０℃条件下，卵子受精后１ｈ，０．５μｇ／ｍｌ的ＣＢ持续处理１０、１５、２０、２５ｍｉｎ抑制第一次有丝分裂，结果四倍体率分别为２１．３６％、２７．５７％、２８．４１％、２９．３５％。结合处理后幼虫的Ｄ形率，在抑制第一极体放出和第一次卵裂中，ＣＢ处理持续１０ｍｉｎ均为最好     

海洋微藻脂肪酸的气相色谱分析

以正十九酸（Ｃ１９：０作内标,藻体经超声萃取、浓缩吹干,进行抽提酯化后采用毛细管气相色谱法分析测定。该方法重现性好,相对偏差为０．５３％－５．４９％,回收率较高,为９５．１％－１０２．５％,检测限为０．００７２μｇ。     

螺旋藻多糖对CD3AK细胞增殖能力的影响

研究了螺旋藻多糖（ＰＳ）对ＣＤ３ＭｃＡｂ激活的杀伤细胞（ＣＤ３ＭｃＡｂ Ａｃｔｉｖａｔｅｄ Ｋｉｌｌｅｒ Ｃｅｌｌｓ,ＣＤ３ＡＫ Ｃｅｌｌｓ）增殖能力的影响。结果表明,当ＰＳ浓度为２．５μｇ·ｍｌ＾－１培养体系条件下,对ＣＤ３ＡＫ细胞具有明显的刺激细胞增殖作用（Ｐ〈０．０２）;对培养长达２３ｄ的ＣＤ３ＡＫ细胞杀伤肿瘤细胞（Ｋ５６２细胞）的活性仍维持在较高的水平（４６．５％￣５０％）。提示ＰＳ对辐射     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans

A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level.     

Estimation of Sediment Properties during Benthic Impact Experiments

Sediment properties, such as water content and density, have been used to estimate the dry and wet weights, as well as the volume of sediment recovered and discharged, during benthic impact experiments conducted in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The estimates show that the weights of dry (355-1332 t) and wet sediment (1651-4888 t) recovered during the experiments, are not only a function of the total duration and distance covered during the experiment, but also depend on water content and density of the sediment. Estimation of dry sediment and its volumetric ratio in the discharge, are key parameters for calculating the discharged volume. The estimated volume of wet sediment recovered (1427-4049 m 3 ) as well as discharged (2693-6951 m 3 ) during the experiments, provide important inputs to evaluate the sediment resettlement and migration. Using these estimates, the average depth of excavation on the seafloor, can also been calculated. However, the stages of sediment recovery and discharge are expressed differently in some of the experiments. In order to standardize these, different stages have been identified, and definitions of certain terms have been suggested, for use in the future. The methods of calculating different properties, as well as weight and volume of discharged sediment are described in the paper for use in other applications concerning deep-sea discharges.     

A Tidal Flow Model for the Gulf of Kachchh, India

A vertically integrated model has been used to study the tidal circulation and currents in the Gulf of Kachchh along the west coast of India. The model is fully nonlinear and uses a semiexplicit finite difference scheme to solve the basic hydrodynamic equations on a staggered grid. The model is forced by prescribing the tides along the open boundary of the model domain. The flow is simulated both with and without the presence of the proposed tidal barrage across the Hansthal Creek in the Gulf of Kachchh. The results show a considerable change in the behavior of the tidal flow in the presence of the barrage.     

利用中国GF-3卫星SAR和HY-2A卫星微波散射计的首次台风联合定量观测

<正>The typhoon,as a mature tropical cyclone that develops in the western part of the North Pacific Ocean with high wind speed and heavy rainfall,is one of the most lethal and costly of natural disasters for the densely populated countries of East Asia.It can be easily detected by space-borne sensors operated at microwave,visible or infrared bands(Liu et al.,2014).Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)is     

离子交换—原子吸收光谱法测定海水中痕量铜、铅、锌、镉、铁、锰

本文介绍了用国产D401型螯合树脂分离富集海水中铜、铅、锌、镉、铁、锰等痕量元素,并用原子吸收光谱仪测定其含量的方法。讨论了各元素的分离条件选择及干扰元素的影响,并与溶剂萃取法的结果作了比较。各元素检测的定量下限为:铜0.5μg/L、铅0.1μg/L、锌1.0μg/L、镉0.01μg/L、铁2.0μg/L、锰2.0μg/L。方法精密度在4—8％之间,回收率为90—102％。     

Biogeochemistry of Mangrove Soil Organic Matter: a Comparison BetweenRhizophoraandAvicenniaSoils in South-eastern Brazil

Soil core samples fromRhizophora mangleL. andAvicennia schauerianaStapf & Leech forests from south-eastern Brazil were analysed for their total organic matter content and their sugars, amino acid and amino sugars composition. Organic carbon and nitrogen contents were higher inAvicenniathan inRhizophorasoils. The contribution of sugars and amino acids to the total organic carbon pool was constant with depth inRhizophorasoils whereas inAvicenniasoils it increased. Spectral distribution of sugars and amino acids showed a dominance of Ca-affine monomers, particularly acidic amino acids, and the sugar arabinose. Biogeochemical indicators derived from ratios of individual sugar and amino acid monomers confirm previous studies which showed that organic matter in both soils is mainly of mangrove origin. The results further suggest accumulation of organic matter inRhizophorasoils and a continuing degradation of organic matter inAvicenniasoils. The latter may thus release more nutrients to adjacent ecosystems thanRhizophorasoils.     

A review of orange roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus fisheries,estimation methods,biology and stock structure

Orange roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus are unusual fish. They form dense aggregations that have fuelled lucrative fisheries at great depths (600–1 400 m), especially off Namibia, New Zealand and Australia. They are thought to be very long-lived (>100 years, maturity at 22 – 40 years), and to have exceptionally low natural mortality (M = 0.045–0.064 year^?1) and slow growth rates (K = 0.055–0.070 year^?1). In addition, they spawn large eggs and have low fecundity. These factors combine to make orange roughy highly susceptible to overfishing; most stocks are below 30% of pristine levels. Assessments are obtained from indices of catch rate and trawl, acoustic and egg surveys. Acoustic estimates are the most direct, but are confounded by the species' low target strength (?50 to ?53 dB)–attributable to the wax-filled swim bladder. Extracellular wax esters are stored in abundance and comprise mostly mono-unsaturated fatty acids, with low concentrations of the ω-3 fatty acid family. This unusual composition (resultant from the species' diet) ensures neutral buoyancy. Stock separation has been inferred mainly from biological studies, but genetic studies have also found differences among stocks within New Zealand and Australia. Deep-water habitat may be damaged by trawling operations and may take many years to recover, so in some quarters there is a call for a portion of suitable habitat to be set aside for preservation. Although Namibian orange roughy are shallower, smaller and younger than those in other stocks, the Namibian fishery sustained high catches for only a few years before quotas were reduced, from 12 000 to 1 875 tons. Three management lessons are suggested for developing orange roughy fisheries based on the Namibian experience: (1) imposition of catch limits during exploratory fishing; (2) starting the acoustic surveys earlier in the fishery, if possible; (3) greater reliance on trends in catch rate until a survey series has been established.