牙形类管刺属的分类、谱系和分带的再研究

众所周知,泥盆纪末期曾发生了一次全球性海平面下降事件（D-C事件）,导致绝大多数晚泥盆世生物灭绝,只有少数生物躲过D-C事件残存下来,直到早石炭世最早期才开始复苏,而后辐射演化。全球的资料表明,这些残存下来的生物的演化谱系几乎均被D-C事件打断,牙形类管刺属（Siphonodella）和原颚齿刺属（Protognathodus）的演化谱系被打断。问题的关键在于被D-C事件打断的演化谱系的节点究竟在什么位置,事实表明,管刺属演化谱系中被打断的节点恰好是Si. praesulcta M. 3—Si. praesulcata M. 4演化支系,原颚齿刺属演化谱系中被打断的节点正是Pr. collinsoni—Pr. kockeli演化支系。Si. praesulcata M. 4和Pr. kockeli的所谓首次出现只是地层学含义的最低产出点,而不是生物演化含义的最早出现。这表明,无论是Si. praesulcata M. 4还是Pr. kockeli的首次出现都不适合用来定义泥盆—石炭系界线。通过详细研究牙形类管刺属的分类、谱系和分带,重点研究Siphonodella praesulcata M. 3—Si. praesulcata M. 4的演化谱系,并根据管刺属演化谱系识别出10个牙形类带,即下praesulcata带、中praesulcata带、上praesulcata带、sulcata带、下duplicata带、上duplicata带、下sandbergi带、上sandbergi带、crenulata带和isosticha带,各带基本均以带名种的首次出现底界。Sandberg等1978年提出的以管刺属演化谱系为基础的分带方案是可信、可行的。国际泥盆—石炭系界线工作组1979年提出的泥盆—石炭系界线定义是正确的。因此,目前根本没有必要再修改原来的界线定义,建议仍然以Siphonodella sulcata在Si. praesulcata M. 4—Si. sulcata演化支系中的首次出现来定义泥盆—石炭系界线。目前的主要任务是寻找能展示这种演化谱系的优秀剖面,并将其作为界线层型候选剖面推荐给国际泥盆—石炭系界线工作组。     

贵州长顺睦化泥盆—石炭系界线层型研究的新进展——介绍大坡上泥盆—石炭系界线剖面

贵州长顺睦化大坡上剖面,是一条不可多得的泥盆—石炭系界线剖面。该剖面泥盆—石炭系界线附近地层不仅沉积连续,发育齐全,而且出露良好,化石丰富,属深水盆地相。该剖面除产有丰富的菊石、三叶虫、介形虫、微体脊椎动物等化石外,还有丰富多彩的牙形石动物,具有世界上最为连续完全的牙形石带。尤其值得指出的是,大坡上剖面的上praesulcata带中产有典型的Siphonodella praesulcata以及S.praesulcata与S.rulcata之间的过渡型分子,这表明该剖面不仅可以精确确定泥盆—石炭系界线的位置,而且还可以实际证明S.pracsulcata与S.sulcata之间的真实的演化关系。本文除详细介绍大坡上剖面泥盆—石炭系界线附近地层的发育情况外,还将该剖面与我国其它两条国际泥盆—石炭系界线层型候选剖面——贵州睦化剖面和桂林南边村剖面进行了比较和讨论。笔者认为,贵州长顺睦化大坡上剖面明显优于贵州睦化剖面和桂林南边村剖面,可以推荐为国际泥盆—石炭系界线层型候选剖面。     

中国早石炭世早期阶和亚阶的划分与对比

简要回顾了中国早石炭世早期地层“阶”和“亚阶”划分的历史沿革,阐述了划分的基本原则,即在全球性或大区域性关键地质事件和生物进化事件研究的基础上,将“阶”和“亚阶”的底界应置于地质事件之后某一或某些主导生物门类谱系演化的分支点上,且以某一主导生物门类的新分子在谱系中的首次出现来定义。根据地层的分布和发育特征,拟将中国早石炭世地层分为岩关阶和大塘阶2个阶,其中岩关阶可分为3个亚阶：塘林冲村亚阶、大圩镇亚阶和小圩镇亚阶。岩关阶的底界以牙形刺Siphonodella sulcata的首次出现来确定,与现行的国际泥盆—石炭系界线相一致;岩关阶的顶界以牙形刺Gnathodus homopunctatus的首次出现来确定,略高于现行的由有孔虫定义的国际杜内—维宪阶界线位置。认为现行的国际杜内—维宪阶界线没能规避岩关阶晚期事件（海平面下降事件）的影响,大量以Eoparastaffella为代表的底栖有孔虫的出现正是此次事件的产物。     

桂林不同沉积相泥盆—石炭系界线

桂林地区海相泥盆—石炭系发育,剖面露头连续,具有不同沉积相和不同生物群的泥盆—石炭系界线剖面,可与国内外同类剖面对比.本文对国际泥盆—石炭系界线辅助层型——桂林南边村剖面等作了介绍,依据牙形刺、菊石、有孔虫、介形类、腕足类、珊瑚等多门类化石的地质分布,以及生物事件、岩石(沉积)事件,对泥盆—石炭系界线作了探讨,为不同沉积相和生物群的泥盆—石炭系界线的划分和对比提供了较丰富的资料。     

牙形类Siphonodella puaesulcata带和S.sulcata带在我国的发现及其意义

1978年,Sandberg,Ziegler等综合欧、美等地的资料,根据牙形类Siphonodella属的系统演化关系,建立了从泥盆系最顶部的praesulcata带至下石炭统下部的上crenulataisosticha带等7个牙形类生物地层带。1979年,国际泥盆一石炭系界线工作组经过长期讨论、协商和野外考察,最终推荐了一个新的切实可行的泥盆一石炭系界线层位,其定义     

湖南石炭系底界及中间界线

湖南的泥盆—石灰系属典型的浅水珊瑚—腕足相沉积。传统的泥盆—石灰系界线以珊瑚为依据划在邵东组之底。笔者依据共生的牙形刺、有孔虫、孢子,以及弓石燕产出位置,论证珊瑚Cystophrentis带应属泥盆系,从而认为泥盆—石炭系界线应位于孟公坳组和马栏边组之间;在湘南,界线通过桂阳组内部。湖南传统的石炭系上、下统界线,以大化石为依据划在梓门桥组之顶。但国际石炭系中间界线委员会推荐的中间界线以浮游生物为标志,因而湖南这条界线须重新研究。笔者对传统界线附近的四个牙形刺带进行分析对比,认为石炭系中间界线与传统界线相差不远。由于梓门桥组的顶界穿时,所以中间界线在其顶界附近浮动。     

广西桂林南边村泥盆—石炭系界线候选层型剖面的综合评价

本文从古生物、生物地层学、微相分析及沉积岩石学、稀土及微量元素地球化学分析,同位素年龄测定及磁性地层学等方面对广西桂林南边村泥盆—石炭系界线候选层型剖面进行综合评价。该剖面泥盆—石炭系界线符合界线定义,基本上具备界线层型的选择标准和条件,包含的化石门类多达14个,构成多种性化石带、组合带及综合性多门类化石的生物地层总貌,具备磁性地层及年代地层学研究的潜在优势条件,界线及点位在单相碳酸盐岩中,是稳定和连续的沉积,剖面位于交通方便的旅游城市,而且分布着不同相型的泥盆—石炭系界线地层,便于解决其间的对比问题,是一条不可多得的界线候选层型剖面。     

我国浅水相泥盆—石炭系分界问题的再探讨——兼悼念邓峰林先生

本文从牙形类生物地层研究,尤其是管刺(siphondella)属的演化出发,再次探讨八十年代以来,我国黔南,桂北,粤北,湘中南,鄂西,)川西及塔北等地14条浅水相(腕足珊瑚相)泥盆—石炭系界线剖面的划分成果。提出浅水相的Siphonodella4个生物地层序列,并可用其中Si.levis对应于已被国际公认的Si.Sulcota作为浅水相区分界的标准,其首见层位跨于珊瑚Cystophrentis带内。如果同时考虑其它多项地学因素,则应求同存异通过会议协商定案。笔者认为:界线宜划在邵东组,者王组及其相当地层组顶部。     

华南上泥盆统和下石炭统层序地层学

本文把华南法门阶上部和杜内阶分为４个层序，自下而上依次命名为ＳＱ０、ＳＱ１、ＳＱ２和ＳＱ３。其中ＳＱ０属斯图年阶（Ｓｔｒｕｎｉａｎ）（泥盆系最顶部），其余３个层序归杜内阶。这４个层序可以与欧美等地同期的层序进行对比，表明当时的海平面升降变化及其由此而产生的沉积层序具有全球的一致性。层序地层学、生物地层学和事件地层学综合研究表明，华南浅海相区与Ｓｉｐｈｏｎｏｄｅｌａｐｒａｅｓｕｌｃａｔａ－Ｓ．ｓｕｌｃａｔａ界线一致的泥盆－石炭系界线不仅高于Ｃｙｓｔｏｐｈｒｅｎｔｉｓ带顶界，而且还应高于引起Ｃｙｓｔｏｐｈｒｅｎｔｉｓ绝灭的海退事件层的顶界。因此建议以Ｃｙｓｔｏｐｈｒｅｎｔｉｓ－Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｕｒａｌｉｎａ间隔带中最明显的一个海进面，即ＳＱ１的海进体系域的底界作为华南浅海相区泥盆－石炭系界线。这条界线与泥盆－石炭纪之交海退事件层的顶界正好一致，大致相当于Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｕｒａｌｉｎａ组合带底部。     

华南泥盆-石炭系界线剖面旋回地层学研究

泥盆-石炭纪过渡期是地球演化过程中的一个重要阶段,发生了地球气候系统从温室向冰室转型和生物灭绝等重大事件。准确且高分辨率的年代格架是理解这些事件的基础。本文利用高分辨率磁化率作为古气候替代指标,对贵州省长顺县睦化Ⅱ剖面和大坡上剖面以及广西壮族自治区南丹县度里剖面的泥盆-石炭系界线附近深水沉积序列进行旋回地层学研究。识别出受到短偏心率、斜率和岁差控制的沉积旋回厚度分别为1.092.39、0.290.73、0.180.51 m。利用轨道短偏心率进行天文校准,结果证实泥盆纪晚期短偏心率、斜率、岁差周期分别为约100、32.227.2和20.915 ka。利用大坡上剖面已知的U-Pb放射性同位素年龄和天文校准结果建立高精度浮动天文年代标尺并进行旋回地层对比。确定了泥盆-石炭系界线附近牙形类生物带和Hangenberg生物灭绝事件的持续时间,并计算出泥盆-石炭系界线年龄为(359.58±1.9) Ma。     

从综合地层学观点论华南浅海相泥盆系—石炭系的分界

生物地层学、事件地层学和层地层学综合研究表明，华南浅海相区与Ｓｉｐｈｏｎｏｄｅｌｌａｐｒａｅｓｕｌｃａｔａ带和Ｓ．ｓｕｌｃａｔａ带之间的界线相当的泥盆系－石炭系的界线不仅高于Ｃｙｓｔｏｐｈｒｅｎｔｉｓ带楔界，而且还应高于引起Ｃｙｓｔｏｐｈｒｅｎｔｉｓ绝灭的海退事件层的顶界。     

Upper Devonian and Lower Carboniferous Sequence Stratigraphy of South China

SequencestratigraphyhashopaidmoreattentionforitSrelativelycompletetheoreticalsyStemandgreatsuchesinpracticesinceitwasadvancedinthe197ds.Integratingonthedataofbiostratiglaphy,lithostratigraphy,seismicstfstigraphy,geochendstryandsedirnentology,sequencestratigraphyattemptStoestablishachronostratigraphicframeworkandcormectsdepositionalsequencewithglobalsealevelchange,andhencemakeSitpossibletOpreciselycorrelatethestrataindifferentfactesareasoveraconsiderabledistance,evenovertheworld.TheUpperDevon…     

柴达木盆地北缘石炭系顶、底界线再认识

根据近年来确定的国际年代地层界线标准讨论了柴达木盆地北缘石炭系的顶、底界线。把石炭系的底界置于陆相沉积的阿木尼克组和海相沉积的穿山沟组之间。认为阿木尼克组可以与泥盆、石炭纪之交的全球性海退事件层对比 ,穿山沟组底界是这个海退事件层之上的海进面 ,相当于三级层序初始海泛面。把石炭、二叠系界线置于扎布萨尕秀组上段类Pseudoschwagerina组合带或Sphaeroschwagerina带之底部。这个界线大体相当于以牙形石Streptognathodusisolatus首现为标志确定的二叠系底界。     

A Comprehensive Evaluation on the Devonian-Carboniferous Boundary Stratotype Candidate Section in Nanbiancun,Guilin, Guangxi1

Abstract This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation on the Devonian-Carboniferous Boundary (DCB) section in Nanbiancun, Guilin, Guangxi on the basis of Palaeontological, biostratigraphical and sedimentary petrological studies as well as microfacies analysis, REE and trace element analysis and isotopic dating. The DCB at this section conforms to the definition of this boundary and essentially measure up the criteria and conditions for selection of the boundary stratotype. Up to 14 fossil groups are contained in the section. The section presents a general biostratigraphical framework with multispecies fossils zones, assemblage zones and multiple groups of fossils and has latent preponderant conditions for magnetostratigraphic and chronostratigraphic studies. The boundary and point occur in a persistent and continuous monofacial carbonate succession, and the section is located in a tourist city with convenient communication, where various facies of DCB sections are developed, allowing the correlation within a small area. So it is an ideal candidate boundary stratotype.     

Ni-Ir Anomaly,Microtektites, and the Biotic Crisis across the Devonian–Carboniferous Boundary,Southern China

Integrative methods of chemostratigraphy and biostratigraphy were used in the study of microtektites and moderate nickel-iridium anomaly beds in the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary beds at Huangmao (Guangxi Autonomous Region) and Muhua (Guizhou Province) in southern China. Microtektites provide evidence for meteoritic impact event(s), whereas the minerals and the chemical composition of the Ni-Ir anomaly beds likely display a submarine hydrothermal origin. It is postulated that the intensification of the rifting-hydrothermal process, and the ensuing pollution, might have been responsible for the Devonian-Carboniferous biotic crisis. This process began in the late Famennian expansa zone, lasted to the Tournaisian duplicata zone, and produced the largest manganese ore deposits of China.     

The Devonian–Carboniferous Boundary and Events at Bachu,Xinjiang, Northwestern China

The Devonian-Carboniferous boundary in Bachu County of the Xinjiang Autonomous Region is identified by chemo-biostratigraphic methods and placed near the base of the Upper Member of the Bachu Formation. The important oil-reservoir bed of the Tarim Basin, the Donghe Sandstone, should not be attributed to the Early Carboniferous, because it has an age no later than the Frasnian. Gypsum beds and a Ni-Cr-Cu-Ti anomaly in the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary beds may have had an origin in a rifting-volcanic-hydrothermal process.     

SOVETSKAYA GEOLOGIYA (SOVIET GEOLOGY) IN COVER-TO-COVER TRANSLATION, 1961, NO. 8

In the Minusinsk (Siberia) intermontane downwarp, the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary lies within the regional paleomagnetic horizon. This boundary's perfect correlation with the same boundary in the Russian platform (4000 km away) is taken as evidence of the widespread occurrence of the inversely magnetized Upper Fammenian zone, of a certain isochronism between the Devonian-Carboniferous boundaries in Minusinsk and in the northwest of the Russian platform (notwithstanding their tectonic differences, etc.) and of possibilities of such correlations on a worldwide scale.--V.P. Sokoloff.     

The Devonian-Carboniferous Boundary in Shallow-Water Facies Areas of China as Based on Conodonts

Traditionally, the lower boundary of the Aikuanian(Yanguanian) Stage has always been considered as the lower boundary of the Carboniferous in China. marked by the occurrence of the coral Cystophrentis.In recent years, some biostratigraphical research results have shown that the Cystophrentis zone is only distributed in the lower part of the Menggong'ao Formation(or the Gelaohe Formation) and that there is an interval zone namely the Cystophrentis-Pseudouralinia interval zone, wedged in just between the Cystophrertis zone and the Pseudouralinia zone in the upper part of the Menggong'ao Formation(or the GelaoheFormation). According to the current study of the conodont biostratigraphy, the coral Cystophrentis zone appears to be of latest Devonian age. So the lower boundary of the Aikuanian Stage is much lower than the lower Devonian-Carboniferous boundary and should no longer be regarded as the lower boundary of the Carboniferous in China. In this paper, two proposals for the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary in the shallow-water facies areas of China are put forward: 1) that the boundary is marked by the first appearance of the conodont Siphonodella(Eosiphonodella) simplex, and 2) that the boundary is recognized by the extinction of the coral Cystophrentis or the brachiopod Tenticospirifer.In addition, 4 species are newly estabished here: Icriodus obovatus sp. nov., Polygnathus lepidus sp. nov., Polygnathus paucidentatus sp. nov. and Polylophodonta jianghuaensis sp. nov.