碱性品红光致聚合物薄膜的光致光衍射

本文研究了全息存储实验中以波长532 nm的半导体激光器作为记录和读出光源,碱性品红作为光敏剂的丙烯酰胺基光致聚合物薄膜的光致光衍射现 象.它可以考虑为透过全息干涉条纹的原始入射光和反射光,与来自光聚物中未曝光的不均匀表面和内部的散射光四波混频的结果.根据简并四波混频理论中的位相匹配条件对双光束全息写入时产生的衍射光锥,以及单光束辐照复现时产生的衍射光锥现象分别做出了理论解释;并且利用全息散射理论结合三角学知识对入射光的入射角与衍射光锥的锥角的依赖关系进行了深入讨论.     

全息片的薄透镜特性及其在象散彩虹全息中的应用

本文讨论了全息片的等效薄透镜特性,并应用于象散彩虹全息的光路分析和设计,提出了满足横向两维视角放大率与轴向放大率匹配的条件。实验结果是满意的。     

汕尾100kW波力电站气室模型性能试验

在造波水槽进行了100kW波力电站气室模型性能试验。测定了设计波周期下，不同入射波高时的ΔPav-Qav、ηA-Qav、NA－Qav以及不同喷咀比时的ΔPav-Qav曲线。还测定了两种喷咀比下，不同入射波高时，波力电站气室性能随波周期变化曲线。数据表明，该气室的设计和建造虽受到站址地形条件和施工条件的诸多制约，但仍有较高的波能转换效率。     

全息片的薄透镜特性及其在象散彩虹全息中的应用

本文讨论了全息片的等效薄透镜特性，并应用于象散彩虹全息的光路分析和设计，提出了满足横，向两维视角放大率与轴向放大率匹配的条件。实验结果是满意的。     

海洋微生物偏振光散射的双组分模型

光学散射方法被广泛用于获取海洋微生物的形态和浓度信息.通过测量散射光的空间分布可以测量海洋微生物的形态和浓度;而最近发现,散射光的偏振特征却对细胞内部亚微米级散射颗粒更加敏感.把海洋微生物等效为粒径远大于入射波长的“米氏”粒子和远小于入射波长的“瑞利”粒子的混合体,以两种不同粒径的实心球作为微生物偏振光散射模型.利用蒙...     

基于光纤自相位调制多波长全光再生的色散管理优化

针对基于光纤自相位调制效应的多波长全光再生系统,分析了光纤平均色散对再生器品质因子改进量的影响,提出一种色散管理优化方法.由于波长间色散差异会导致再生系统性能的稳定性下降,通过选择色散补偿光纤和单模光纤的长度,使其合成的色散曲线与各波长分别达到最优再生性能时对应的色散曲线近似拟合,同时保证该色散曲线落在性能满意度高的色散区域,然后调整信号输入功率和滤波器的偏移量,可有效改善多波长再生性能的稳定性,实现再生器的色散管理优化.     

斜向不规则波入、反射波分离的实验研究

斜向入射的不规则波在海岸结构物前发生反射形成入、反射波共存的波浪场,对这种物理场的入、反射波的分离是海岸工程研究的一个重要课题.改进了一种可用于斜向入射的不规则波分离的两点法,使得测波阵列的两波高仪可布置在结构物前任何方向上.将此方法应用于三维波浪水池的物理模型试验研究,试验了不同的两波高仪的组合、不同的基床高度、不同的入射方向和不同的波浪要素等各种条件对分离结果的影响,结果表明,各种情况在满足非奇异条件下可得到较好的分离结果.该方法计算简便,可以给出较准确的反射系数和入、反射波的频谱.     

基于叶绿素荧光技术的紫菜光适应特征研究

通过水样调制式叶绿素荧光仪,对坛紫菜、条斑紫菜叶状体和丝状体在不同光照条件下叶绿素荧光特性进行研究.结果表明:紫菜叶状体和丝状体实际量子效率在光照处理后逐步下降,且随着处理光强的上升,实际量子效率的下降速率更为明显.快速光曲线初始斜率(α)结果与实际量子效率相似,表明光照时间的延长以及光照强度的升高均引起样品实际光能利...     

吸声覆盖层脱落状态的声学性能分析

针对声学覆盖层脱落问题,首先以均匀分层介质理论建立覆盖层脱落模型,在垂直入射和斜入射条下,将解析解与数值计算结果进行相互验证,并计算脱落介质和脱落层厚度以及入射角度对复合结构反射和透射性能的影响.计算结果表明:脱落层介质对结构的透声性能影响较大,脱落层为空气时频响曲线变化显著,透射系数趋于0.就反射系数而言,不同入射角...     

末次冰期最盛时期以来中国东部边缘海潮波系统演变过程的模拟研究

在系统地研究了中国东部边缘海区引潮力、入射潮波、科氏力、水下地形、海岸形态及磨擦作用等因素对区域潮波系统形成影响的基础上,确定了中国东部边缘海岸轮廓是区域潮波系统形成的主导因素,认为模拟末次冰期最盛时期以来中国东部边缘海区潮波系统的形成过程需要3个重要的控制性条件,即入射潮波、海岸线变迁过程和海面变化曲线。利用中国东部边缘海潮波系统与海岸演变模拟支持系统,对末次冰期最盛时期以来30个时期中国东部边缘海区潮波系统的形成与演变过程进行了模拟再现研究,系统地恢复了在不同的海面高程、不同的岸线形态条件下全日潮、半日潮潮汐分布特征。模拟结果显示,末次冰期最盛时期以来,12400aB.P.和7500aB.P.两个时间界限分别代表了旋转潮波系统－无潮点开始出现、中国东部边缘海潮波系统现代格局基本奠定这两个特征事件的发生时间,将中国东部边缘海潮波系统的演变过程划分为3个发展时期。     

基于光纤光参量放大的异步双波长全光再生技术研究

本文提出了一种新型的多波长全光再生方案,利用相位时钟光纤光参量放大,并采用相邻信道偏振正交的方法,实现对由异步信源产生的双波长信号全光再生.理论分析了参量放大中的增益饱和现象用于幅度噪声抑制,以及利用相位时钟及后续色散实现对信号定时的机理.在这个基础上,对两个独立信源产生的异步双波长10 Gbit/s信号进行再生实验,实验表明该方案有效的抑制了基于多波长3R再生系统中信道间的四波混频与交叉相位调制等非线性干扰.系统在单波长和双波长情况下分别将两路信号信噪比改善了至少6.5 dB与4.5 dB.误码率测试结     

Synchronization issues in ocean telemetry

The synchronization problem over fading dispersive channels is discussed. Although stated in general terms, the results are equally applicable to sonar and undersea problems in which the propagation medium has significant multipath spread and fluctuation rate. Optimum detection over such channels requires a perfect knowledge of the channels' scattering functions, which completely characterize the behavior of fading dispersive channels. Lack of such knowledge may result in performance degradation. A closed-form expression for the probability of false alarm and probability of detection is given, and a set of curves is provided to demonstrate the amount of degradation due to mismatch conditions. A parallel structure to achieve acquisition is suggested, and its performance is investigated. A performance measure for the synchronizer in this mode is defined. Upper and lower bounds on the performance measure are derived. The effect of various parameters, such as the signal-to-noise ratio, pulse width and modulation, number of pulses, spread of the channel, and the size of the resolution cell on the performance of the synchronizer is investigated. After achieving acquisition, the system needs to switch to the tracking mode. An optimum closed-loop symbol synchronizer is developed     

Structure of a modulated narrow light beam in seawater: Monte Carlo simulation

Dispersion properties of photon density waves propagating in seawater from a unidirectional point source have been studied using the Monte Carlo technique. It is shown that the spatial distribution of irradiance of the photon density waves at high modulation frequencies is significantly different from that of the stationary light field. Principal dispersion effects predicted earlier in the approximation solutions of the nonstationary radiation transfer equation are confirmed. An increase in the wave decrement and a decrease in the transversal cross section of the initially narrow beam at the modulation frequency with the increase of the modulation frequency are demonstrated. Frequency dependencies of phase and group velocities of photon density waves are calculated. It is shown that seawater possesses anomalous dispersion in a wide frequency range with respect to these waves.     

Spatial modulation experiments in the underwater acoustic channel

A modulation technique for increasing the reliable data rate achievable by an underwater acoustic communication system is presented and demonstrated. The technique, termed spatial modulation, seeks to control the spatial distribution of signal energy such that the single physical ocean channel supports multiple parallel communication channels. Given a signal energy constraint, a communication architecture with access to parallel channels will have increased capacity and reliability as compared to one with access to a single channel. Results from two experiments demonstrate higher obtainable data rates and power throughput for a system employing spatial modulation than for one that does not. The demonstrated benefits were characterized by an equivalent SNR gain of over 5 dB in the first experiment. In the second experiment, using two element source and receiver arrays with apertures of 0.9 m, a coherently modulated signal was shown to offer nearly 50% greater capacity by using spatial modulation than by using temporal modulation alone.     

Recent advances in high-speed underwater acoustic communications

In recent years, underwater acoustic (UWA) communications have received much attention as their applications have begun to shift from military toward commercial. Digital communications through UWA channels differ substantially from those in other media, such as radio channels, due to severe signal degradations caused by multipath propagation and high temporal and spatial variability of the channel conditions. The design of underwater acoustic communication systems has until recently relied on the use of noncoherent modulation techniques. However, to achieve high data rates on the severely band-limited UWA channels, bandwidth-efficient modulation techniques must be considered, together with array processing for exploitation of spatial multipath diversity. The new generation of underwater communication systems, employing phase-coherent modulation techniques, has a potential of achieving at least an order of magnitude increase in data throughput. The emerging communication scenario in which the modern underwater acoustic systems mill operate is that of an underwater network consisting of stationary and mobile nodes. Current research focuses on the development of efficient signal processing algorithms, multiuser communications in the presence of interference, and design of efficient modulation and coding schemes. This paper presents a review of recent results and research problems in high-speed underwater acoustic communications, focusing on the bandwidth-efficient phase-coherent methods. Experimental results are included to illustrate the state-of-the-art coherent detection of digital signals transmitted at 30 and 40 kb/s through a rapidly varying one-mile shallow water channel     

CSI feedback-based CS for underwater acoustic adaptive modulation OFDM system with channel prediction

In this paper, we investigate the performance of adaptive modulation （AM） orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （OFDM） system in underwater acoustic （UWA） communications. The aim is to solve the problem of large feedback overhead for channel state information （CSI） in every subcarrier. A novel CSI feedback scheme is proposed based on the theory of compressed sensing （CS）. We propose a feedback from the receiver that only feedback the sparse channel parameters. Additionally, prediction of the channel state is proposed every several symbols to realize the AM in practice. We describe a linear channel prediction algorithm which is used in adaptive transmission. This system has been tested in the real underwater acoustic channel. The linear channel prediction makes the AM transmission techniques more feasible for acoustic channel communications. The simulation and experiment show that significant improvements can be obtained both in bit error rate （BER） and throughput in the AM scheme compared with the fixed Quadrature Phase Shift Keying （QPSK） modulation scheme. Moreover, the performance with standard CS outperforms the Discrete Cosine Transform （DCT） method.     

世界时区图动态模拟与显示技术

以世界时区的概念为基础,阐述了世界时区图显示与模拟的总体构想、应具备的基本功能以及具有动态变化的特点,同时,着重提出了动态模拟时区渐变的RGB数学模型,并实现了世界时区动态模拟与显示.     

Modification of the spontaneous emission of quantum dots near the surface of a three-dimensional colloidal photonic crystal

This paper demonstrates experimentally and numerically that a significant modification of spontaneous emission rate can be achieved near the surface of a three-dimensional photonic crystal. In experiments, semiconductor core-shell quantum dots are intentionally confined in a thin polymer film on which a three-dimensional colloidal photonic crystal is fabricated. The spontaneous emission rate of quantum dots is characterised by conventional and time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) measurements. The modification of the spontaneous emission rate, which is reflected in the change of spectral shape and PL lifetime, is clearly observed. While an obvious increase in the PL lifetime is found at most wavelengths in the band gap, a significant reduction in the PL lifetime by one order of magnitude is observed at the short-wavelength band edge. Numerical simulation reveals a periodic modulation of spontaneous emission rate with decreasing modulation strength when an emitter is moved away from the surface of the photonic crystal. It is supported by the fact that the modification of spontaneous emission rate is not pronounced for quantum dots distributed in a thick polymer film where both enhancement and suppression are present simultaneously. This finding provides a simple and effective way for improving the performance of light emitting devices.     

Remote sensing of breaking wave phase speeds with application to non-linear depth inversions

A number of existing models for surface wave phase speeds (linear and non-linear, breaking and non-breaking waves) are reviewed and tested against phase speed data from a large-scale laboratory experiment. The results of these tests are utilized in the context of assessing the potential improvement gained by incorporating wave non-linearity in phase speed based depth inversions. The analysis is focused on the surf zone, where depth inversion accuracies are known to degrade significantly. The collected data includes very high-resolution remote sensing video and surface elevation records from fixed, in-situ wave gages. Wave phase speeds are extracted from the remote sensing data using a feature tracking technique, and local wave amplitudes are determined from the wave gage records and used for comparisons to non-linear phase speed models and for non-linear depth inversions. A series of five different regular wave conditions with a range of non-linearity and dispersion characteristics are analyzed and results show that a composite dispersion relation, which includes both non-linearity and dispersion effects, best matches the observed phase speeds across the domain and hence, improves surf zone depth estimation via depth inversions. Incorporating non-linearity into the phase speed model reduces errors to O(10%), which is a level previously found for depth inversions with small amplitude waves in intermediate water depths using linear dispersion. Considering the controlled conditions and extensive ground truth, this appears to be a practical limit for phase speed-based depth inversions. Finally, a phase speed sensitivity analysis is performed that indicates that typical nearshore sand bars should be resolvable using phase speed depth inversions. However, increasing wave steepness degrades the sensitivity of this inversion method.