电磁波随钻测量双向信号传输系统

介绍了自制电磁波双向信号传输装置的基本原理、单元结构关系、相关工作参数以及试验情况。试验结果表明,随钻测量双向信号传输系统在硬岩中传输距离远,可实时传输井下工况信息,也可从地面向井下传输指令,与智能化钻具配合,还可从地面遥控井下钻具。不同波形对电磁波双向信号传输有较大影响:正弦波有较强的抗干扰能力;方波易受地层干扰信号的影响,特别在接收信号微弱时,方波传输信号误码率较高。另外,下传信号比上传信号衰减大。      

鄂北工区钻杆WC耐磨环的耐磨材料及敷焊工艺分析

鄂北工区钻杆耐磨环失效现象很普遍，造成钻杆耐磨环失效的主要原因有地层研磨性、钻杆的井下工况、耐磨材料选择与敷焊工艺的影响。选择合理的耐磨材料与敷焊工艺对解决鄂北工区钻杆偏磨耐磨环失效问题非常重要。     

鸭西背斜钻井提速技术试验及效果分析

鸭儿峡油田白垩系油藏鸭西背斜,地层倾角大、夹层多、研磨性强、可钻性差。钻进中直井段易斜;PDC钻头选型难度大,定向钻井时,工具面稳定性差、“托压”严重;钻井液性能要求高,常因与地层配伍性差,导致井下复杂情况发生,严重制约钻速提高。本文针对制约钻速提高的难点,通过现场试验效果分析来阐述鸭西背斜鸭K区块钻井提速措施,包括直井段防斜打直技术、水力振荡器试验、PDC钻头个性化试验、钻具组合选择和优化钻井液性能等,通过现场试验,为鸭西背斜钻井提速积累了成功经验。     

定向钻进技术在金矿勘探中的应用

阐述不同定向钻进技术在金矿勘探中的应用,内容包括利用地层自然造斜规律的具体技术措施;使用死楔或活楔与孔底动力钻具进行定向钻进的具体做法:以及不同定向钻进方法的优缺点对比.     

全过程欠平衡水平井在大庆油田的应用

南扶273-平253井是大庆油田一口重点实验井,采用全过程欠平衡技术钻进,钻探目的层位是F15油层。在全过程欠平衡钻井作业过程中,通过井下套管阀开关,保证井底始终处于欠平衡状态,成功地进行了欠平衡钻进、不压井起下钻等作业,有效地保护了储层。介绍了应用于该井的全过程欠平衡技术、井眼轨迹控制技术、设备选择以及现场出现过的问题和解决方法等。     

渤海35油田非均质储层钻井应对技术

渤海35油田沙河街组水平井穿层较多,整体水平段砂泥岩比例不稳定、交互较多,若处理措施不当,易发生井壁失稳,也易造成防砂管柱下入困难、盲管配管较多以及投产后筛管堵塞严重的问题。通过钻进过程中使用随钻工具及时跟踪,调整井眼轨迹,对钻井液体系、钻井工艺技术等方面进行调整,有效提高了渤中深部地层强非均质水平井油层钻遇率,得出了一些实际操作的方法和经验,对深部地层强非均质水平井现场实施具有较高的参考价值。     

UBD/MPD技术标准现状分析

近年来,欠平衡钻井（UBD）和控制压力钻井（MPD）因能大幅度提高机械钻速、有效降低井下复杂情况的发生、减少非生产时间而得到了飞速发展,国内外也对两项技术制定了相关标准。从石油行业标准I、ADC标准、API标准入手,着重讨论欠平衡钻井和控制压力钻井的标准现状,探讨建立控制压力标准应包含的主要内容。     

北部湾盆地防塌型无固相有机盐钻井液技术

南海西部油田的北部湾盆地储层段地质情况复杂,夹层多,泥岩极易水化,钻井液体系维护难度大,难以兼顾井壁稳定与储层保护。以涠洲6-9/6-10油田为例,介绍了北部湾盆地储层段的地质概况和钻井液技术难点;介绍了研发的一种新型无固相有机盐防塌钻井液体系及其实验评价结果。该钻井液体系既有效解决了北部湾盆地复杂储层段砂泥岩互层井壁失稳的问题,又防止了储层污染,还降低了井下复杂情况的发生率。该技术为北部湾盆地的石油勘探开发提供了强有力的技术保障。     

水基无粘土低固相钻井液在镇泾工区的应用

根据镇泾油田勘探开发一体化、低成本开发战略要求,在设计范围之内尽可能采用新工艺、新技术,以缩短钻井周期,提高作业效率,缩短钻井液对储层浸泡时间,减轻钻井液对储层伤害。在确保安全生产、施工质量的前提下,大胆应用水基无粘土低固相钻井液体系,并采取相关的防范措施,经实践证明能有效地控制井下复杂情况的发生,达到了提高钻井速度、降低钻井成本的目的。     

A Real-time Lithological Identification Method based on SMOTE-Tomek and ICSA Optimization

In petroleum engineering, real-time lithology identification is very important for reservoir evaluation, drilling decisions and petroleum geological exploration. A lithology identification method while drilling based on machine learning and mud logging data is studied in this paper. This method can effectively utilize downhole parameters collected in real-time during drilling, to identify lithology in real-time and provide a reference for optimization of drilling parameters. Given the imbalance of lithology samples, the synthetic minority over-sampling technique (SMOTE) and Tomek link were used to balance the sample number of five lithologies. Meanwhile, this paper introduces Tent map, random opposition-based learning and dynamic perceived probability to the original crow search algorithm (CSA), and establishes an improved crow search algorithm (ICSA). In this paper, ICSA is used to optimize the hyperparameter combination of random forest (RF), extremely random trees (ET), extreme gradient boosting (XGB), and light gradient boosting machine (LGBM) models. In addition, this study combines the recognition advantages of the four models. The accuracy of lithology identification by the weighted average probability model reaches 0.877. The study of this paper realizes high-precision real-time lithology identification method, which can provide lithology reference for the drilling process.     

控压钻井及其在高温地热勘探开发中的应用

控压钻井包括管理压力钻井、欠平衡钻井和空气钻井。控压钻井可以减少非钻进时间和事故、提高机械钻速、预防漏失、消除压差卡钻、保护低压产层以提高产能。地热井具有温度高、地层硬度高、裂隙发育、地层压力低伴随浅部地层压力变化大等特点。在地热勘探开发中应用控压钻井技术有利于提高钻进速度、预防漏失、提高产能。介绍了控压钻井及其关键技术,同时阐述控压钻井在地热勘探开发中的应用。     

大陆科学深孔取心钻进技术述评

文章介绍了目前世界上大陆科学深钻项目中采用的典型的取心钻进技术及其应用效果,提出了评价科学深钻取心技术的准则,即施工安全性、取心效果、施工效率和施工成本。根据这些准则对目前世界上主要的科学深钻取心技术进行了评价并得出结论：孔底马达/液动锤/金刚石钻进/提钻取心方法是最好的深孔取心钻进方法。     

华庆地区长63储层裂缝分布模型与裂缝有效性

鄂尔多斯盆地华庆地区上三叠统延长组长6³油层组属于特低渗储层,裂缝发育、分布情况及裂缝的有效性已成为制约油气有效勘探开发的瓶颈之一。以统计法为基础,综合应用岩石破裂法和能量法,以非均质性储层有限元应力场模拟为手段,对华庆地区长6³储层天然裂缝发育程度和分布进行了定量化预测研究,同时结合定向岩心、薄片裂缝定量观测结果,主要依据裂缝方位、间距和密度等特征参数,初步建立了长6³储层天然裂缝分布网络概念模型;该模型描述了储层裂缝发育基本状况,包括天然裂缝密度、裂缝展布形态和不同井区裂缝组合的差异性。同时,根据长6³储层岩心裂缝充填情况与充填概率、裂缝结构面力学性质以及裂缝产状与现今水平主应力走向之间的关系,对储层裂缝系统的有效性进行了初步分析。结果表明,储层中无效裂缝居多,达85.6%,有效裂缝仅为14.4%;但经压裂改造后,NEE-NWW向范围内的天然裂缝系统往往易改造或转变为“有效”“显”裂缝系统,提高了储层渗流能力。     

井下动力钻具微钻试验装置设计研究

井下动力钻具微钻试验装置是为研制新型动力钻具提供试验条件的关键装备,该装备用于原理样机的试验测试,可降低试验成本并缩短研发周期,试验测试结果可为全尺寸物理样机的制造提供参考。本文依据井下动力钻具的工作特点和钻具试验装置测试原理,设计了一套井下动力钻具微钻试验装置,该试验装置区别于常规和传统的微钻实验台,其采用数控闭环控制钻井液动力循环和钻压,实现了水力驱动与钻压给进的精确控制,并验证了井下动力钻具微钻试验装置的可行性,为水力驱动的钻具样机试验研究提供了平台。     

井下动力钻具轴承发展现状调研

井下动力钻具用轴承承受着冲击、摩擦、腐蚀等恶劣工况,其可靠性和寿命对保障钻进的顺利进行至关重要,是井下钻具的关键部件之一。本文对井下动力钻具常用的止推轴承、扶正轴承进行了详细调研,分别对金属滚动轴承、滑动止推轴承和扶正轴承等发展现状、主要特点、发展趋势等进行深入分析,并指出了井下动力轴承的发展与改进方向,可为其选用提供参考。     

大口径深孔钻具选用原则及建议

为了适应深孔钻探的需要,减少孔内事故的发生,阐述了深孔钻具的选用原则,对钻铤、钻杆、转换接头、方钻杆的选用方法进行了具体介绍,并就经常遇到的钻柱切口问题、临界钻压和转速问题提出了建议,为施工单位进行合理的钻具选用和组合提供了参考。     

基于SK-DLS2000综合录井仪的钻进参数实时采集与开发

一个好的钻进参数实时采集与处理系统,有助于钻井技术人员对井下工况分析、技术决策、事故的预防与处理等。鉴于神开SK-DLS2000综合录井仪系统的钻进参数处理模块的功能滞后于现场钻探专家的需求,提出基于SK-DLS2000综合录井仪的钻进参数实时采集与开发思想,阐述了SK-DLS2000综合录井仪的钻进参数实时采集与开发的3个关键技术：数据接口的实现、数据文件存储管理、钻进参数曲线实时绘制及滚动浏览的实现,并利用该技术思想,成功开发出了一套＂科钻一井钻进参数实时采集与处理系统＂。     

A unified formulation for generalized oilfield development optimization

Oilfield development involves several key decisions, including the number, type (injection/production), location, drilling schedule, and operating control trajectories of the wells. Without considering the coupling between these decision variables, any optimization problem formulation is bound to find suboptimal solutions. This paper presents a unified formulation for oilfield development optimization that seeks to simultaneously optimize these decision variables. We show that the source/sink term of the governing multiphase flow equations includes all the above decision variables. This insight leads to a novel and unified formulation of the field development optimization problem that considers the source/sink term in reservoir simulation equations as optimization decision variables. Therefore, a single optimization problem is formulated to simultaneously search for optimal decision variables by determining the complete dynamic form of the source/sink terms. The optimization objective function is the project net present value (NPV), which involves discounted revenue from oil production, operating costs (e.g. water injection and recycling), and capital costs (e.g., cost of drilling wells). A major difficulty after formulating the generalized field development optimization problem is finding an efficient solution approach. Since the total number of cells in a reservoir model far exceeds the number of cells that are intersected by wells, the source/sink terms tend to be sparse. In fact, the drilling cost in the NPV objective function serves as a sparsity-promoting penalty to minimize the number of wells while maximizing the NPV. Inspired by this insight, we solve the optimization problem using an efficient gradient-based method based on recent algorithmic developments in sparse reconstruction literature. The gradients of the NPV function with respect to the source/sink terms is readily computed using well-established adjoint methods. Numerical experiments are presented to evaluate the feasibility and performance of the generalized field development formulation for simultaneous optimization of the number, location, type, controls, and drilling schedule of the wells.     

Modern drilling management system based on field data monitoring

Drilling engineering is technology-intensive and involves many subjects and large amounts of data. To improve the quality of production and management, decisions need to be made based on the latest data to direct the work on-site. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a safe, reliable, and efficient drilling management system that can meet daily production requirements. In this study, we describe a real-time monitoring system of field data. The system comprises real-time collection of borehole drilling parameters, ground drilling parameters, on-site video and borehole position data, and wireless data transmission to site and rear managers. The system is based on real-time monitoring of field data, the recognition and prediction of the conditions inside the borehole, the wireless transmission of data, and rear-base data analysis and feedback modules. The rear managers can view the real-time and historical drilling data at any time and compare and analyze drilling data by using the rear software of the management system to optimize the drilling program and feedback to the site. The application of the management system in production suggests that it can significantly improve drilling efficiency, reduce drilling costs and accidents in wells, and improve the automation of drilling operations. Moreover, at the same time, it can also predict complex conditions and drilling accidents in time and provide reliable real-time data to drilling technicians for on-site decision making.     

定向钻进技术的发展与应用

定向钻进技术已有近百年的历史,随着的资源钻采井孔深度的不断增加,近几年该技术发展很快。讨论定向钻进技术包括基本内涵与最新拓展,对于更好的理解与推广应用这项技术具有重要意义。论文讨论了定向钻进的定义,概述了钻孔设计、测斜技术、测斜数据计算、测斜数据传输,特别是纠斜新技术的发展如自动垂直与自动导向钻进新技术等。简要介绍了目前定向钻进技术的应用领域与钻孔类型。提出了适用于深部地质钻探的定向钻进全孔轨迹主动控制的概念与实施措施。