西昆仑山崇测冰川区多源遥感影像的冰川信息提取方法研究

冰雪独有的性质与特性使得基于遥感影像对其进行信息提取成为可能,如何进行精准的冰雪信息提取是冰雪时空变化研究的关键和基本要求。利用多源遥感影像（TM、IRS-P5和SAR）对西昆仑山崇测冰川区的冰川进行信息提取,采用不同分类方法和数据融合方法,分别针对光学影像和微波影像进行处理,提取冰川信息并进行比较分析。结果表明：面向对象分类方法是最优的冰川信息提取方法;图像融合处理有助于提高冰川信息的提取精度,特别是多光谱和高分辨率图像融合后再分类,提取效果更为理想。     

喀斯特高原山区IRS-P6影像最佳融合方法选择研究——以贵州平塘县四寨镇为例

贵州处于中国西南喀斯特的腹心地带,属岩溶高原山区,生态环境背景复杂,地表切割剧烈,海拔落差大,坡度较陡,同时地处季风气候区还伴有常年多云多雨现象,因此卫星遥感数据质量常受到严重影响。文章以贵州南部平塘县四寨镇为例,主要针对IRS-P6卫星遥感影像的多光谱4,3,2波段与其全色PAN波段之间的融合,运用比值变换、主成分分析法（PCA）、乘法变换和IHS变换四种常见融合方法进行对比分析,并对融合后的影像进行主观定性评价和客观定量评价。研究表明IHS融合法效果相对最好,在保持原多光谱影像光谱信息的同时,大大提高了影像的空间分辨率,改善了图像的目视效果,清晰度和纹理细节表现力也得到了较大的提高,是一种适宜于亚热带喀斯特高原地区的融合方法,对解决喀斯特高原山区受雨云天气条件限制难以获取高质量影像的问题有重要意义。      

基于影像的多源地学数据融合处理及应用

针对地学数据空间性、多源性和多解性的特点,提出了基于影像色觉原理的多源地学数据融合方法.融合的关键是地学信息的图像化,在云南镇康县芦子园地区多源地学数据融合处理中,根据不同时代地层对成矿的贡献,按重要性量化为256级的灰度值,实现地层数据的图像化;物化探异常通过插值生成栅格数据实现图像化;然后,利用图像化的地层、重力、化探、线环构造和遥感影像数据进行RGB合成,通过HIS变换进行多源地学数据融合.融合后的图像能充分显示研究区地层-构造-岩浆复合控矿特征,对进一步的找矿勘探有重要意义.     

基于改进IHS融合方法的冰川变化监测研究

随着卫星及传感器的发展,对地观测技术已广泛用于冰川变化监测中。针对多时相、同源遥感影像,提出了一种改进的IHS融合冰川变化监测方法。将不同时期影像进行改进IHS融合,使冰川变化区域突显出来,然后利用决策树分类方法对变化区域进行提取。利用两期LANDSAT影像进行基于改进IHS融合方法的冰川变化监测实验,并与常用于冰川变化监测研究的波段比值法进行比较,实验结果表明,该方法无论在定性分析还是定量分析上均优于波段比值法。     

ETM影像小波变换数据融合在土地利用中的分类研究

在ERDAS软件支持下,对ETM遥感影像数据的TM1—TM5,TM7与其全色波段TM8进行小波变换融合,对融合后的影像采用混合分类方法进行土地利用分类。并对其分类结果进行评价,总体精度达到95.43%,研究结果表明此方法可行有效。     

基于多源遥感数据的融合算法变换效果对比研究

随着多源遥感影像融合技术的成熟发展,如何提高高分辨率遥感数据的利用效益和使用质量已经成为影响其应用效果的瓶颈问题.针对QucikBird-2高分遥感数据光谱分辨率不足等问题,结合ASTER多光谱遥感数据,引入3种融合方法：主成分分析（PCA）融合、小波PCA融合和基于小波的IHS（色度、亮度、饱和度变换）融合,实现了对多光谱图像和高分辨率图像的融合,得到了多光谱高分辨率影像,使得在增强影像空间分辨率的同时也尽可能地保留了影像的多光谱信息.最后对3种融合方法的结果进行了定性和定量评价.     

基于TM和SPOT5影像融合的土地利用分类及精度比较——以朝阳区为例

本文基于TM和SPOT5的影像在ERDASIMAGINE环境中进行融合,在融合前后分别对TM图像与融合后图像进行土地利用分类,对比分类精度并进行定性和定量的解释和分析。本文给出了实验的详细步骤以及完整的评价报告。研究结果表明,融合后图像分类精度有明显提高。对融合后影像进行土地利用分类,在测绘与地图更新、土地利用与城市规划、生态环境监测和政府规划决策等中,具有广阔的应用前景。     

资源三号卫星正视全色与多光谱影像融合及评价

资源三号卫星(ZY-3)是我国发射的首颗民用高分辨率光学传输型立体测绘卫星,其全色波段与多光谱波段有相同的太阳高度角和其他环境条件,影像获取时间一致,因此两种不同分辨率的数据可实现高精度融合形成新的影像。使用Brovey变换、主成分变换、IHS变换、小波变换、GS光谱锐化五种不同的数据融合方法,对ZY-3全色和多光谱影像进行融合,并从清晰度、纹理和色调进行定性分析;从标准差、信息熵、平均梯度、偏差指数、相关系数和光谱扭曲程度进行定量评价。结果表明:基于Gram-Schimdt光谱锐化融合方法产生的遥感图像失真较小,同时很大程度地保持了高分辨率全色波段的空间纹理细节信息,是一种适合于ZY-3图像融合的较好方法。     

基于多源遥感的土地利用动态变化信息综合监测方法研究

利用遥感信息融合技术，对不同时相的TM和SPOT多源遥感数据进行融合，提出了一套基于变异特征的土地利用动态变化信息的监测方法---变异特征监测法。并以城镇居民点的动态变化监测为例进行了验证，结果表明：与其它方法比较，利用该方法进行监测可以获得更高的位置精度和面积精度，具有很好的时效性和可继承性，且不受传感器类型影响，宜于推广应用。     

联合Sentinel-1与Landsat8影像的希夏邦马峰冰川三维运动反演

SAR偏移量技术和光学偏移量技术是冰川运动监测重要的技术手段,但目前对于融合不同平台的影像进行三维形变的研究较少。文章选取2019年11月至2021年1月西藏聂拉木县希夏邦马峰地区的大型冰川作为研究对象,基于方差分量估计融合该研究区的Sentinel-1与Landsat8两种数据进行冰川的三维位移解算,选取了同一时期的光学影像对偏移量估计结果进行对比分析,同时选取稳定区域进行精度评估,分析该方法在冰川运动监测中的适用性和精确性。结果表明,该冰川在2019年11月至2021年1月,联合解算的东西向最大流速为21 cm/d,南北向最大流速为68 cm/d,垂直向最大流速为17 cm/d。对比单一影像获取的冰川位移结果,多影像联合解算方法,能够弥补SAR数据的失相干和光学数据的低质量像元值的不足,获得更加完整和详细的冰川信息,监测结果精度更高。可为利用不同平台的数据联合监测山地冰川的多维度和高精度变化提供参考和技术支持。     

遥感技术在区域地质调查中的应用研究——以江西省1：5万陀上幅区调应用为例

遥感技术的应用应贯穿区域地质调查的始终,要充分发挥遥感技术的先导与基础作用。在本研究区内．TM／ETM5、4、3波段组合为最佳波段组合,在常用的主成分变换法、乘积变换法、比值变换法、高通滤波法、小波变换法、IHS变换法6种融合方法中小波变换波段融合法为最佳融合方法。运用遥感影像更新区内的道路信息有助于提高填图效率和填图质量,以小波变换法融合全色波段的RGB（5,4,3）彩色影像为基础影像,其它彩色合成影像、单波段灰度影像等影像为辅助影像对区内岩石地层、构造进行了解译,运用复合法提取了本区的铁化和泥化蚀变异常,在野外地质路线观测过程中对解译的岩石地层、构造和提取的矿化蚀变都得到了较好的验证。遥感在区调过程中的道路更新、岩性识别、构造解译、矿化蚀变提取具有独特的优势。     

Decision of threshold values for extraction of turbidity for inland wetland using IRS P6 LISS III data

Wetland is a kind of natural resource with fast dynamic changes. Around 50% of the earth’s wetlands are estimated to have already disappeared worldwide over the last hundred years through conversion to industrial, agricultural, and residential developments. It is important for wetland protection and management to accurately map the wetland distribution by remote sensing and GIS. A study of the water turbidity and water quality of the wetland is essential to assess the fitness of the water for various purposes—irrigation, drinking, other domestic use, and industry. In the present study, an attempt has been made to know the inland wetland of Salem taluk of Salem district and to monitor changes in turbidity conditions for post-monsoon and pre-monsoon seasons. With the IRS P6 LISS III satellite image, indices images were generated for the extraction of water spread boundary. An automatic determination method of the threshold was examined to produce masks for the extraction of turbidity, and a turbidity map was generated which classifies turbidity into high, medium, and low. From the analysis, it has been observed that the inland wetlands of post-monsoon constitute 489 ha of the study area, of which 21.3% is subjected to high turbidity. Pre-monsoon spread constitutes 362.81 ha, of which 15.7% is subjected to high turbidity in pre-monsoon. Thus, this study highlights the usefulness of remotely sensed data for wetland mapping, seasonal monitoring, and characterization. The result indicates that turbidity conditions are moderate and low in pre-monsoon and moderate in post-monsoon seasons.     

A monitoring framework for land use around kaolin mining areas through Landsat TM images

Sustainable management of land requires regular acquisition of qualitative information regarding the status of its use. It is especially important to track the changes relating to the land’s competitive development needs such as mining. The field-based monitoring of a mine with a wide footprint is expensive and time-consuming. Remote sensing techniques have been developed and demonstrated as cost-effective alternatives for the conventional methods of land use/land cover (LULC) monitoring. In this study, the land cover changes that occurred between the year of 2000 and 2009 in a kaolin mining and processing area in the Kutch region of India are mapped using two Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper (TM) images. For this purpose, the spectral signature of the land covers including vegetation cover and kaolin were determined and matched filtering (MF) method was applied to classify the images. The overall accuracy of the classified 2009 image was estimated for the kaolin and the vegetation cover to 89.5 and 86.0 % respectively. The change in the land use which occurred from 2000 to 2009 were quantified and analysed for both classes. This study provided a practical framework for rapid mapping of the land cover changes around open-cut kaolin mining area using freely available Landsat data.     

四川省矿山遥感监测主要成果与进展

针对四川省矿产资源分布特征,开展了矿山遥感监测工作,构建了“遥感数据源选取—遥感数字图像处理—遥感信息提取—野外验证—图件制作”相对完整且较为成熟的矿山开发遥感监测技术方法体系。以卫星光学遥感数据为主、航空光学遥感数据和雷达数据为辅,并采用无人机遥感图像; 在正射纠正、几何配准、数据融合等图像预处理基础上,结合有关资料建立矿山开采面、矿山建筑、排土场、尾矿库、选矿厂、滑坡和泥石流的遥感解译标志; 采取以目视解译为主、计算机自动提取与目视解译相结合、辅以野外验证的方法进行遥感解译; 建立以遥感调查数据为主要数据源的矿山地质环境评价指标体系与GIS定量评价方法,实现矿山地质环境评价; 采用矿山遥感监测与传统地质环境调查技术相结合方法,开展矿山环境综合治理区划研究。取得的成果与进展包括: ①首次建立了省域矿产资源开发环境本底数据库,为实现矿山开发环境动态监测和国土资源空间数字化管理提供了基础数据; ②监测成果已在矿产卫片执法、矿山环境治理和矿产资源规划等国土资源管理工作中发挥了重要作用,成为了四川省矿政管理的重要参考依据; ③开展了矿山遥感监测技术方法研究与探索,形成了适应川西南山区的矿山遥感监测技术方法体系。     

Application of remote sensing in monitoring environmental change in ore area-Take Panzhihua V-Ti magnetite as an example

Remote sensing is an effective method to monitor environmental change. To study the influence of mining and mine dump on the environment of mine, remote sensing is used to monitor the change of land use and vegetation in the ore area, and to forecast the ecological environment by considering the mining speed. Remote sensing images at different periods were collected in the study, which include MSS images in 1975, TM images in 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2005, and SPOT-5 images in 2002. At the same time, relief map and geological map of the ore area were also collected as assistant data for remote sensing interpretation. After color synthesis, enhancing treatment and geometrical revision, the interpreted dynamic information on remote sensing images was edited with ARC/INFO software, to build a dynamic monitoring database for land use in the ore area from 1975 to 2005 and a database for land use in 1975, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2002 and 2005. Through interpretation, it is found that, after 30 years of mining activities, the vegetation area in the Panzhihua mining area was reduced from 9352.6 ha in 1975 to 8195.6 ha in 2005, and its grassland area from 1053 ha in 1975 to 795.5 ha in 2002. After that, the grassland area increased to 869.1 ha in 2005 because of re-cultivation of some mine dumps.     

Sediment Yield Index mapping and prioritization of Madia subwatershed,Sagar District of Madhya Pradesh (India)

Assessment of soil loss through Sediment Yield Index (SYI) is important for watershed planning, prioritization, and development. In the absence of measured sediment data, SYI expressing the relative sediment yield from different basins work as a basis for grading another basin to adopt erosion control measures. An attempt was made to evaluate SYI in wider scale by using cost-effective tools like remote sensing and geographical information system (GIS). SYI was calculated for Madia subwatershed, which consists of 29 microwatersheds and located in Sagar District, Madhya Pradesh (M.P.) The IRS LISS III data and Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) digital elevation models (DEM) of 90-m resolution were used to identify land use characteristics and geomorphometric analysis. Major land use was observed as agricultural land (24.7 %), water bodies (16.7 %), forest area (10.2 %), and settlement (21.3 %). In categorization, similar overall accuracy was observed for dense forest, barren land, settlement, and water bodies. The highest SYI with a value more than 20 was observed in microwatershed Mw6, Mw7, and Mw24, which comprises 33 % of the total watershed area. It gives the information about the watershed area that requires very high priority.     

海陆过渡区空地重力数据融合及评价

海陆过渡区是海洋与陆地复合与交叉的地理单元,是资源与环境条件最为优越的地区,将航空重力与地面重力有效融合,形成连续的重力场资料,对海陆过渡区资源与环境评价具有重要意义。本文选择日照—连云港海陆过渡区为示范区,开展了航空重力数据与地面重力数据的融合研究。通过数据整理与对比分析,总结了数据间系统差的确定方法,提出了空地重力数据间一致性与差异性的评估方法,并分别采用剖面和平面两种形式对数据间的一致性和差异性进行了量化评估;在数据量化评估的基础上,采用平面均方根误差法分别对混合法与缝合法的数据拼接质量进行了定量评价,为数据融合方法的选择提供了定量依据。研究结果表明,日照—连云港海陆过渡区航空重力与地面重力数据间剖面上的一致系数为0. 81~0. 99,平面上的一致系数为0. 95,数据间一致性较高,具备较好的数据融合基础;对比试验表明,缝合法对于海陆过渡区空地重力数据融合效果更佳,采用缝合法融合后的重力数据与原始空地重力数据间的均方差分别为2. 63×10 -5 m/s 2 、0. 98×10 -5 m/s 2 ,取得了较好的融合效果。日照—连云港海陆过渡区空地重力数据的融合,为同类地区开展多源重力数据的融合提供了借鉴。     

遥感技术在全球环境变化研究中的作用

具有快速、多波段、周期性、大面积覆盖等观测能力的空间遥感技术,是全球环境变化研究中不可替代的重要手段。随着遥感技术在国际上的蓬勃发展,遥感技术在我国全球环境变化研究中也开始得到了广泛的应用。简述了遥感技术在我国土地覆盖、森林与草场、海洋调查与灾害监测方面的应用情况以及所取得的成果。这些研究为遥感技术在全球环境变化研究中的深入应用奠定了基础。     

Evaluation of natural resource potential in semi-arid micro-watershed, eastern Rajasthan, using remote sensing and geographic information system

The natural resources are considered more efficient and appropriate for necessary survey and investigation for the assessment, subsequent planning and implementation of various developmental programmes. Hence, it is necessary to increase the land and water resources levels for future demands. Morphometric, land use/land cover and hydrogeomorphic analyses have been carried out by visual interpretation method of remote sensing data of IRS, 1D-LISS III and IRS, P6-LISS III, and FCCs of band combination 2, 3 and 4. The interpreted data is supplemented as well as cross checked by field visits. The remote sensing and GIS tool could be helpful in getting the precise and valuable spatial information in understanding the present scenario contemplating with the past data and predicting the future trends. Morphometric analysis was done to determine the drainage characteristics of Bankukara watershed. The drainage pattern of the study area is predominantly dendritic to sub-dendritic in nature; however, locally structurally controlled drainage pattern is also seen. The development of stream segments is affected by slope and local relief. The bifurcation ratio indicates that the drainage pattern is structurally controlled. The land use/land cover change detection for 2001 and 2005 showed an increase in uncultivated land by 1.37%, dense forest by 0.17%, wasteland by 1.46% and rock quarry by 0.10%. There has been a decrease in the area under cultivated land by 1.99%, open forest by 0.12%, open scrub by 0.54% and water body by 0.40%. Hydrogeomorphic units identified through visual interpretation of FCC include alluvial plain, valley fills, plateau, buried pediment, pediments and intermontane. Based on land use/land cover change detection and hydrogeomorphological mapping, the Bankukara watershed has qualitatively been categorized into four groundwater potential zones, viz. good to very good, moderate to good, poor to moderate and very poor to poor.