分形理论在焦家金矿床深部预测中的应用

焦家金矿床位于胶东西北部的招掖成矿带内,西临著名的郯庐大断裂。矿体赋存于NNE-NE向延伸的断裂破碎蚀变带中,受控于断裂构造,围岩蚀变以钾长石化（红化）、黄铁绢英岩化、硅化、碳酸盐化为特征。本文运用分形理论研究了I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ号主矿体的品位、厚度、品位厚度乘积的分维值在垂向上的变化特征,根据分维值D的规律性变化,提出该矿床深部三个主要矿体仍有较大延伸。     

电测井在无岩芯水文钻井中的应用

采用水文测井方法代替钻探取芯和分层抽水取样分析,可以较准确的确定含水层岩性、位置和矿化度,有利于降低成本。     

地质统计学在山东焦家金矿床深部含矿性预测中的应用

焦家金矿床位于胶东西北部招掖成矿带内,西,临著名的郯庐大断裂。矿体位于北北东—北东向延伸的破碎蚀变带中,受控于断裂构造,围岩蚀变以钾长石化(红化)、黄铁绢英岩化、硅化、碳酸盐化为特征。本文运用地质统计学方法,对焦家金矿床的金品位、品位厚度乘积进行了系统研究,研究结果表明：焦家金矿Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ号矿体的变程依次减小,反映其矿化连续性依次减弱;在垂向方向上三个主要矿体的连续性强弱交替出现。     

地质统计学在山东焦家金矿床深部含矿性预测中的应用

运用地质统计学方法,对焦家金矿床的金品位、品位厚度乘积进行了系统研究,研究结果表明:焦家金矿Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ号矿体的变程依次减小,反映其矿化连续性依次减弱;在垂向上3个主要矿体的连续性强弱交替出现.     

流体包裹体爆裂法在山东焦家金矿深部找矿中的潜在应用

流体包裹体爆裂法作为一种辅助找矿手段,于20世纪70—80年代曾被前苏联和中国的地质工作者用于找矿勘探实践中,并取得了一定成效。以往许多爆裂法研究表明,矿体所在部位的爆裂强度(频次)较高,而随着远离矿体进入围岩,爆裂频次逐渐降低。一般认为这是由于围绕矿体热液活动强烈和流体包裹体丰度较高所致,因而在矿床(体)及其周围形成蒸发晕正异常。通过对胶西北地区焦家蚀变岩型金矿112线和144线8个钻孔的系统采样和爆裂法测试分析发现,焦家金矿床的花岗岩围岩爆裂曲线具有高的爆裂频次、明显的爆裂峰和高的相变峰,随着围岩蚀变增强,爆裂频次、爆裂峰和相变峰从钾化带经过黄铁绢英岩化带、硅化带到金矿石呈有规律降低,在矿体(化)中心,爆裂频次很低,不显示爆裂峰和相变峰,从而围绕矿体构成蒸发晕负异常。这些爆裂特征,特别是围绕矿体的蒸发晕负异常,对于胶北地区深部金矿找矿勘探具有潜在的应用价值。     

水文测井在湛江地区无岩心钻井中的应用

水文测井是在水文钻孔中进行各种地球物理勘探方法的一个统称。在无岩心钻井中，水文测井已成了一个必不可少的配合手段，根据测井资料成井，可使成井率达100％，有力地促进了地下水的开发利用、水文地质勘探事业的发展。     

水文测井在湛江地区无岩心钻井中的应用

水文测井是在水文钻孔中进行各种地球物理勘探方法的一个统称.在无岩心钻井中,水文测井已成了一个必不可少的配合手段,根据测井资料成井,可使成井率达100%,有力地促进了地下水的开发利用、水文地质勘察事业的发展.本文2001年4月收到.     

水文测井在雷州半岛地区无岩心钻进供水井中的应用

水文测井是在水文钻孔中进行各种地球物理勘探方法的一个统称.以前钻进供水井是靠取心来确定含水层位,这种方法效率低,成本高,特别不能适应目前市场经济要求.在雷州半岛地区无岩心钻进供水井中,采用电阻率和自然电位测井资料来划分含水层已取得良好的效果,同时划分咸淡水界面也特别有效,现在水文测井已成了一个必不可少的有效手段,根据测井资料成井,可使成井率达100%.     

井中激发极化法在金牙金矿床普查中的应用

在金属矿普查和勘探中,井中激发极化法能帮助判断钻孔中已知矿化体或矿体的空间展布,特别是盲矿体。和地面激发极化法相比,该方法供电电极或测量电极接近矿体,加大了勘探深度和范围,且井中干扰较小,数据的信噪比高。金牙金矿床是典型的微细粒浸染型金矿床。由于该金矿床的空间展布的复杂性,在勘探过程中需要预测矿体的展布与形态。文章以金牙金矿床那元矿段ZK58811孔的井中激电为例,对激电测井与地-井方式方位测量的方法技术及资料解释作了说明。该矿床矿体受构造与岩性双重控制,矿床延伸较大,矿体形态复杂多变,地表覆盖着较厚的第四系沉积。通过井中激发极化法测量,较准确地推断了构造、矿体在钻孔四周的展布,为后续钻探设计提供依据,减少了探矿风险,加快了矿床勘查,证明井中激电在微细粒浸染型金矿勘查中的应用是可行的和有效的。     

灰色GM(1,1)模型在山东焦家金矿床深部含矿性预测中的应用

运用灰色理论,以焦家金矿床矿体品位、厚度代表矿化的白化值,经过数据生成处理,建立了矿体品位、厚度灰色GM(1,1)模型.通过残差、后验差、关联度检验,研究了模型的可靠性,对影响预测模型精度的因素进行了分析,并提出了提高模型精度的方法;通过GM(1,1)模型预测,焦家金矿床Ⅰ,Ⅲ矿体金矿化强度自浅部向深部逐渐增强,Ⅱ号矿体品位自浅部向深部逐渐增高,但厚度有逐渐减小的趋势,总体矿化强度不及Ⅰ,Ⅲ矿体.     

The Kiloton Class Jiaojia Gold Deposit in Eastern Shandong Province and Its Genesis

The recent deep prospecting results in the Jiaojia area of Eastern Shandong Province indicate that the Jiaojia ore field composed of several individual gold deposits as previously suggested is actually an ultra-large gold deposit. This deposit covers an area of ~40 km2, and shows a structural control by the Jiaojia fault and its secondary faults. Gold orebodies generally occur along the same mineralization-alteration belt, and the main orebodies intersect with each other or exhibit a parallel or overlapping distribution. This deposit's reserves are estimated to be 1, 200t of gold, being the first gold deposit of more than 1000t gold reserves in China. The No. I-1 orebody in the Shaling-deep Sizhuang ore blocks holds gold reserves greater than 350 t, or 29 percent of the total reserves, followed by the No. I orebody in Matang-Jiaojia ore blocks with exceeding 150t gold reserves. This deposit mainly occurs in the footwall of the Jiaojia fault, and presents zoned patterns in mineralization, alteration and structures. The strongly mineralized zones agree with strongly altered and tectonically fractured zones. These orebodies display strataform-like, veinlike or lenticular shapes, and generally show characteristics of pinching out and reappearing, branching and converging, expanding and shrinking. The orebodies commonly occur along positions where the fault strike changes and in gentle locations with dips changing from steep to gentle. The main orebodies are parallel to the main plane of the orecontrolling fault, and tend to be gentle from the surface to the deep. The orebodies mainly plunge to the southwest, with plunge angle of 45°–60°. Orebodies near the main plane of the ore-controlling fault have more gold resource than those away from main fault zone. The slant depth of orebodies is generally larger than the length along its strike direction; orebodies become thick and gold grades become low from the shallow area to the deep area. Ore-forming fluids are H2O-CO2-NaCl±CH4 type with medium-temperature and moderate to low salinity. Sulfur isotopic values(δ34SCDT) for gold ores range between 11.08‰ and 12.58‰, indicating mixed sulfur sources; hydrogen isotopic values(δDVSMOW) range from-83.68‰ to-116.95‰ and oxygen isotopic values(δ18OV-SMOW) range between 12.04‰ and 16.28‰. The hydrogen and oxygen isotopes suggest that ore-forming fluids originated from primary magma, and mixing with a large amount of atmospheric water during the late stage. The Eastern Shandong Province gold deposits are associated with magmatic activities which have mantlecrust-mixed source, and also share some similarities with orgenic and epithermal hydrothermal gold deposits. Because Eastern Shandong Province gold deposits with unique metallogenic features and formation setting which are different from other gold deposit types in the world, we call it the Jiaojiatype gold deposits. The kiloton class Jiaojia gold deposit is related to fluid activities, extension and detachment resulted from thermal upwelling of magmas. The strong magmatic activities in the middle to late stage of early Cretaceous in Eastern Shandong Province lead to active fluids, and provided abundant ore-forming materials for gold depsoits. Moreover, many extensional structures resulting from crustal extension provided favourable space for orebody positioning.     

焦家金矿床深部矿体地质特征及深部成矿预测

焦家金矿床位于焦家断裂带中段,属典型的＂焦家式＂金矿,截至2008年底焦家金矿床累计探获资源储量234 564 kg。该文通过对深部矿体地质特征论述,并与中浅部矿体进行对比,总结深部成矿规律,利用焦家断裂控制的矿体具有等距斜列、尖灭再现规律,对深部矿体进行了预测。     

焦家金矿主矿区金矿石的赋存特征

焦家金矿带是莱州-招远金矿区最重要的金矿带之一,产状复杂且性状变化较大。以往研究主要针对矿物种类、载金矿物及其形状及嵌布关系等进行分析,缺乏对金粒矿物学、金矿物种类及金颗粒的成色研究。本文采用偏光/反光显微镜、体视显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射仪等技术手段对焦家金矿主矿区深部开采的矿石样品进行分析,研究内容主要包括金赋存状态、金粒度、金形状、金矿物类型及不同大小金粒的成色特征。结果表明:载金矿物主要以黄铁矿、黄铜矿等硫化矿和石英、长石等脉石矿物为主。金赋存状态有裂隙金(64.82%)、包裹金(19.29%)、晶隙金(15.89%);黄铁矿、黄铜矿中金粒较大,连群分布占多数,脉石中金粒细小,孤立分布占多数。金矿物形状复杂,主要有球状金、三角形金、矩形金。金矿物种类丰富,以自然金、银金矿、自然银、含铁自然银为主,其次为金铜矿、螺硫银矿、碲化金银。金矿物粒度范围较大,大金颗粒可达到90~110 μm,小金颗粒只有2~3 μm。金银矿物的成色普遍较高,大粒金成色低,以银金矿为主,小粒金成色高,大都为自然金。本文丰富了焦家金矿矿物学研究的内容,为后续选冶工艺提供了调控依据和重要信息。     

胶东焦家金矿床钾长石成因及成矿意义

焦家金矿属于蚀变岩型金矿,围岩蚀变发育,是我国储量最大的金矿床之一。该文对蚀变带中的钾长石的赋存状态、化学成分进行了分析研究,并与未蚀变的玲珑岩体中的钾长石进行对比。认为焦家金矿床主要存在三种成因类型的钾长石,即原生钾长石（岩浆成因）、高温热液钾长石、低温热液钾长石。结合前人的研究成果,探讨了热液钾长石的形成与成矿意义。     

山东省焦家矿区深部超大型金矿床及其对“焦家式”金矿的启示

通过三年的地质勘查研究,发现了山东焦家矿区深部105吨特大型金矿床,圈定了89个矿体,归并为4个矿体群,其中Ⅰ-1号主矿体沿焦家断裂主裂面分布。焦家矿区共探获金矿资源储量230多吨,成为世界级超大规模金矿床。通过焦家深部金矿床和浅部金矿床对比研究,揭示了新的金矿成矿规律:浅部金矿床和深部金矿床之间为无矿间隔或弱矿化带;金矿床矿体厚大部位在剖面上产于焦家断裂由陡变缓转折点下部;焦家带金矿床构成了沿"一条构造带、二段矿化富集带、三层矿化蚀变带"产出的矿床模式。通过同位素年龄测定,焦家断裂断层泥的K-Ar年龄为131.05～123.53Ma和48.57～41.18Ma,早期指示断裂构造的主要形成期与金矿的主成矿期同步;晚期金矿的同位素年龄略晚于郭家岭花岗岩年龄,略早于崂山花岗岩年龄,位于伟德山花岗岩年龄值高峰段内,说明伟德山花岗岩岩浆活动是导致"焦家式"金矿成矿的直接因素。     

Numerical Simulation of Hydrothermal Alteration Chemical Reactions During Ore-forming Process of the Jiaojia Gold Deposit,Jiaodong Peninsula,China;

The Jiaojia gold deposit is featured by obvious alteration zonation, and is one of the typical altered-type gold deposits in the Jiaodong gold province. However, the formation conditions of hydrothermal alteration zonation and the spatial location of chemical reaction associated with gold precipitation are still unclear. To quantitatively discuss the hydrothermal process, we used the TOUGHREACT software to simulate the chemical reactions between ore-bearing fluids and wall rocks of the Jiaojia gold deposit. First, we constructed a conceptual mineralization model related to hydrothermal alteration by discussing the chemical reaction between ore-bearing fluids and wall rocks. Subsequently, we simulated the chemical equilibrium concentration of ore-forming fluids and pH changes under different temperature and pressure conditions, which was used to study the dissolution and precipitation mechanism of hydrothermal minerals during ore-forming processes. The simulation results show that the chemical equilibrium concentration of Au+ significantly decreased with temperature from 280 ℃ to 180 ℃, and the chemical equilibrium concentration of Fe2+ showed similar trend, indicating that the favorable gold metallogenic temperature range is 180 ℃ to 280 ℃, and Fe2+ in ore-forming fluids reacts with [Au(HS)2]− to promote gold precipitation. The temperature and pressure conditions influence the chemical equilibrium concentrations of ore elements, nevertheless, temperature is a more critical factor controlling gold precipitation, while the influence of pressure is relatively weak. The pH simulation results show that the pH values of ore-forming fluids increased during the hydrothermal alteration reaction, which means that the ore-forming environment changes from acidic to neutral and/or alkaline. The pH variation during the ore-forming process is consistent with conventional geological observations, and thus validated the simulation results. The above results indicate that the temperature driving lateral migration of ore-forming fluids along the fault resulted in the continuous overprinting alteration. The pyrite-sericite-quartz alteration in the footwall of the fault zone is conducive to gold precipitation and enrichment due to frequent overprinting of various alteration and changes of temperature and pH. © 2023 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

X射线荧光法在茅排金矿床的应用

简述Ｘ射线荧光法（ＸＲＦ）的工作原理和工作方法,介绍了该方法在茅排金矿野外工作情况,详细讨论了不同源发源、不同滤片对及组合滤片对对相同剖面和不同剖面的测量结果,分析了野外和室内出现差异的原因,最后提出了看法。     

焦家金矿田Ⅰ号主矿体地质特征及找矿方向

以往对焦家金矿田主矿体研究都是按勘查区进行,具有一定局限性,不能完全揭示主矿体的地质特征。本文利用纱岭矿区、纱岭矿区前陈矿段在赋矿标高-2000m以浅的最新勘查成果,首次打破勘查区概念,将以往各勘查区主矿体凌乱编号统一划分、圈定,对主裂面下盘蚀变、矿化中心部位的碎裂岩及其内赋存的Ⅰ号主矿体地质特征进行重新梳理,系统总结、归纳。发现主断裂控制的含矿地质体产状从地表向深部明显变缓,蚀变带内碎裂岩厚度及矿体形态、规模、品位、厚度与断裂带角度有关。浅部倾角陡,矿体形态呈不规则脉状且分支较多、规模小;深部倾角缓,矿体形态呈似层状、大脉状,规模大。断裂带上盘无明显矿化,下盘以黄铁矿化为主,由内向外产出形态依次为细粒浸染状-浸染状、细脉状、短脉状-细脉、网脉、短脉状。通过总结成矿规律,预测焦家金矿田深部找矿方向主要集中在Ⅰ-3号主矿体深部及按侧伏方位预测深部金矿富集区内,集中在384线至480线,-2000m至-3000m标高之间,预测金资源量300t。     

综合物探技术在三山岛断裂带与焦家断裂带深部成矿模式中的应用

焦家断裂带与三山岛断裂带,是胶东西jE部著名的金矿成矿带。利用综合物探资料,对三山岛断裂与焦家断裂带之间与金成矿关系密切的早前寒武纪变质岩系和中生代花岗岩的空间分布关系进行了重新划分。利用高磁、重力、大地电磁（MT）和可控源音频大地电磁（CSAMT）综合研究剖面,研究探索焦家断裂与三山岛断裂带深部断裂构造的分布关系及成矿模式。系统总结了两带金矿地球物理特征及成矿规律和找矿标志,并进行了深部成矿预测,提出了6处深部成矿靶区。其中Au4预测靶区,深孔验证见到厚大金矿体,取得了良好的地质科研效果,为胶西北地区深部地质找矿方向提供了重要依据。