Mineral resources inventory in the northern part of haiti: A basic rationale for selecting areas of potential mining interest

Agriculture has always been the major source of income of the Republic of Haiti. Only in the late sixties did the Haitian Government decide to move toward industrialization and explotation of natural resources, but no reliable inventory of mineral potential was available. In June 1970 the Resources and Transport Division of the U.N. (now CNRET) undertook a structural analysis of the Caribbean with reference to defining favorable loci for ore disposition. One of the conclusions of this survey was that from the metallogenetic point of view, the Northern part of Haiti was a favorable area for prospecting for habe metal deposits, especially for copper. Those conclusions were acknowleadged with great enthusiams by the Haitian authorities, and they welcomed in July 1971 a UN technical adviser who outlined a first phase of exploration. Following this mission, a “Mineral exploration Project” was created by the Haitian Government with the cooperation of UNDP, and an area of 9000 km² was selected, based on structural, lithological, and metallogenetic reasons, as an exploration target. The most important aspects of this project were:Mineral Exploration—First Phase (1973–1974). The following operations were carried out by a small team: (a) photo interpretation at 1:50,000 and 1:200,000 scale, (b) geological reconnaissance at 1:50,000 scale, (c) geochemical reconnaissance (stream sediment) at 1:50,000 scale. The photo interpretation helped outline zones of particular structural interest and was followed up by ground control studies. Stream sediment geochemical reconnaissance was carried out over half of the project area, following the indications given by the photo geological interpretation. finally, combining all the data, five areas were selected for detailed follow up survey: (1) Terrier Rouge—Perche, (2) Vallieres, (3) Mont-Organise, (4) Limonade, (5) Gros Morne—Le Borgne.Mineral Exploration—Second Phase (1975–1976). The main zones of interest were reduced to a few hundred km² and porphyry copper type deposits appeared to be the most promising target. Detailed geological mapping (1:25,000 to 1:2,000) and soil geochemistry were carried out on the above mentioned five areas, the most promising appearing quickly to be Terrier Rouge-Perges, with porphyry-type copper mineralization. A geophysical survey (IP and Mag) confirmed the geochemical results. At the end of the second phase of exploration (December 1976) two of the five prospects of the Terrier Rouge area have been diamond drilled and appeared to be of potential economic interest. Because of the number and importance of the prospects discovered a third phase of exploration was deemed necessary with the purpose of continuing the detailed prospection work and drilling the other prospects. This third phase started in January 1977 and was expected to last until December 1979. This paper was presented at the International Geological Correlation Program (IGCP) Project 98: “Standards for Computer Applications in Resource Studies” held at Taita Hills, Kenya, November 8–15, 1977.     

Introduction to the conference on resource assessment techniques

This short paper summarizes the International Geological Correlation Program (IGCP) and shows how Project 98—Standards for Computer Applications in Resource Studies—relates to this program.This paper was presented at the International Geological Correlation Program (IGCP) Project 98 entitled Standards for Computer Applications in Resource Studies held at Loen, Norway, September 27—October 1, 1976.     

The use of deposit modeling in the assessment of potential resources as exemplified by Caledonian stratabound sulfide deposits

Models for massive Caledonian sulfide deposits, formed in island are and ocean floor environments, are defined in terms of their deposit size and grade distribution, as well as the relation between the total amount of sulfides that could be potentially concentrated and the amount likely to be found in the largest deposit. Given the mineral resource and geological attributes of the island are and ocean floor models, the similarity between the models and unknown areas with a potential for these types of sulfide concentrations can be evaluated. This similarity is expressed as a favorability index whose distribution is probabilistically combined with the metal distribution of the model. This paper was presented at the International Geological Correlation Program (IGCP) Project 98: “Standards for Computer Applications in Resource Studies” held at Taita Hills, Kenya, November 8–15, 1977.     

Guidelines for international data collection and resource assessments and analyses

The ever-increasing world interdependency required to provide the basic energy and mineral commodities needed by society, has created a need to assess, on a common basis, the location, number, and quality of deposits of natural resources. In order to evaluate and compare the resource potential of any area, two major factors must be considered: (1) the type of commodity being evaluated and (2) the specific parameter (reserves or resources) which is being defined. Each commodity or parameter being studied requires a separate methodology for analysis and different basic data. Porphyry copper deposits must be treated differently from stratabound copper deposits or massive sulfide deposits of copper. Similarly, oil and gas deposits associated with stratigraphic traps must be treated differently from those associated with salt domes. Resource assessments attempt to estimate the aggregate resource potential of an area whereas resource analyses attempt to define the specific characteristics of the individual occurrences which comprise the aggregate resource potential. Assessment programs may range from a national inventory of known deposits and occurrences to detailed studies which require an extensive integration of geological, geochemical, and geophysical data. Examples of national inventories are the small mine inventory of Bolivia and presently operating resource programs in Turkey and Argentina. Detailed programs of assessment include the AMRAP (Alaska Mineral Resource Appraisal Program) program and studies in the Coeur d'Alene district and Ely, Nevada. Worldwide resource analysis is a rapidly expanding field of endeavor necessitated by the need to more clearly define the characteristics of known deposits and to provide quantitative estimates of hypothetical and speculative resources. Studies presently underway deal with the development of search and occurrence models, field size distributions of energy resources, tonnage and grade relationships of mineral deposits, the zone of influence of exploratory drill holes, and models of the exploration process.This paper was presented at the International Geological Correlation Program (IGCP) Project 98 entitled Standards for Computer Applications in Resource Studies held at Loen, Norway, September 27–October 1, 1976.     

西北主要成矿带地质矿产调查工程进展

为支撑找矿突破战略行动,服务国家矿产资源后备基地建设,在中国地质调查局计划-工程-项目新的总体布局下,西安地质调查中心联合中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所、有色金属矿产地质调查中心、国土资源实物地质资料中心、郑州矿产资源综合利用研究所和30多家地勘单位等,开展了西北主要成矿带地质矿产调查。 在已有成果的基础上,通过近2年的工作,新发现矿(化)点200余处,圈定找矿靶区70余处,一批找矿成果持续获得地方基金支持,部分矿权已成功招牌挂,有效地带动了社会资金的投入,深化了铜镍、金、石墨、硬岩型铀矿等成矿规律的认识,促进了找矿突破,支撑了大型矿产资源基地建设,创新了造山带填图、戈壁荒漠区地质填图以及工程-项目成果的集成与编图技术,实现了与地方资金投入的统一; 同时支撑了科技条件平台建设与人才培养,基本实现了大项目机制。 该文围绕“西北主要成矿带地质矿产调查工程”的目标任务,阐述了工程的技术路线和取得的主要成果,并对未来的工作进行了展望。     

Deposit modeling of a nickel belt in Finland

Data from 34 Ni−Cu deposits of the 315^c-striking, 420-km long, and 10–40-km wide Kotalahtinickel belt have been recorded in the previously described system of the Ore Data File of Finland. For comparison data from four Ni−Cu deposits outside the belt have been collected. The statistical treatment of the data begins with cluster analysis and four classes are distinguished on the basis of 303 data elements. These classes form eight groups within the linear belt. Two groups containing the largest deposits, Hitura and Kotalahti, are processed by characteristic analysis, and factor analysis is applied to test the interdependence of the characteristics. This paper was presented at the International Geological Correlation Program (IGCP) Project 98: “Standards for Computer Applications in Resource Studies” held at Taita Hills, Kenya, November 8–15, 1977.     

Reserve classification of identified nonfuel mineral resources by the bureau of mines minerals availability system

Classification of nonfuel mineral reserves is the prime function of the Bureau of Mines Minerals Availability System (MAS). The MAS classifies reserves through geologic, engineering, and economic evaluation of presently identified resources. The classification of a reserve is accomplished by calculating the identified-resource availability in terms of present and prospective prices (costs). The availability of mineral supplies is definable as a function of natural physical phenomena, industry technology, costs, capital generation, time requirements, supply site infrastructure, mineral-land accessibility, environmental restraints, and political conditions. These and other criteria are being systematically evaluated and quantified in the MAS to arrive at verifiable estimates of present and future United States mineral reserve positions. The MAS is structured such that mine and deposit evaluations form the common denominator of supply, and costs represent the basic mechanism of supply analysis. A comprehensive, systematically structured minerals evaluation system is needed to objectively assess mineral supply impacts on the economy and society. The MAS is an element of that capability wherein a systematic unraveling of the mineral supply network is performed, with the results structured in electronic retrieval format for rapid listing, manipulation, and supply analysis. The key activity in accomplishing this end is the mineral deposit evaluation process that provides uniform, maintained information sets for aggregation into summary products. The MAS thereby enhances the basic data and response capability to support mineral specialists, mineral policy analysis, and the Government and industry decision process.This paper was presented at the International Geological Correlation Program (IGCP) Project 98 entitled Standards for Computer Applications in Resource Studies held at Loen, Norway, September 27–October 1, 1976.     

Standards for multilateral and worldwide exchange of geothermal data

Standards for the exchange of machine-readable data are discussed at five levels covering (1) physical characteristics of the medium used in the exchange, (2) overall structure of the data file, (3) format of individual records, (4) types of information contained in a record, and (5) authority files for information definition. The standards are used by the National Geothermal information Resource for compilations of geothermal energy data.This paper was presented at the International Geological Correlation Program (IGCP) Project 98 entitled Standards for Computer Applications in Resource Studies held at Loen, Norway, September 27–October 1, 1976.     

全球矿床数据库建设现状、应用与展望

基于大数据和人工智能技术的数据驱动科学范式推动地球科学研究发生了变革。作为地球科学的重要分支,现代矿床学经历了百余年的发展,已经积累了海量的数据资料,这些数据的流通和共享是发挥其资源价值的关键。文章介绍了中国“地质云”与全球矿产资源储量动态评估数据库、澳大利亚深部地球探测计划AuScope、美国矿产资源在线空间数据库、国际经济地质学家学会(SEG)Geofacets数据库、美国标准普尔公司SNL Metals&Mining数据库等国际主要矿床数据库的情况;同时,列举了应用大数据思维和人工智能方法在区域成矿规律、矿床成因机制、矿床类型判别、资源潜力评价、战略咨询等方面取得的若干重要进展。文章提出,未来在深时数字地球国际大科学计划的平台下,整合全球海量矿床数据,建设开放、共享、统一的矿床大数据平台势在必行。     

Weighted characteristic analysis of spatially dependent mineral deposit data

There are four concepts involved with the methodology used in this analysis: classical second derivative surfaces, boolean representation of the surfaces, determination of weighted model characteristics, and multiple variable regional appraisal.This paper was presented at the International Geological Correlation Program (IGCP) Project 98 entitled Standards for Computer Applications in Resource Studies held at Loen, Norway, September 27–October 1, 1976.     

An abundance model resource appraisal for some Canadian commodities

An abundance model resource appraisal has been undertaken for 10 mineral commodities in Canada: nickel, copper, zinc, lead, molybdenum, uranium, silver, gold, chromium, and tin. The purpose of the appraisal was to investigate the applicability of the model to the Canadian situation. Resource appraisals for the first 6 of the commodities studied have been published following deposit modeling studies. For many other commodities studied have been published following deposit modeling appraisals. The demonstration of the relevance of the abundance model to Canada would allow its application in such cases. The data presented in this paper indicate that the approximate relation, resource (short tons)=abundance (%)×10¹⁰. holds true for all commodities studied except chromium and tin. As the resources versus abundances relationship observed on a global scale is observable in Canada, it is concluded that Canada is a sufficiently large fraction (∼7%) of the earth's continental crust to represent a valid sample of that crust. Canada appears to be relatively well endowed with resources of copper, molybdenum, lead, and zinc, and poorly endowed with chromium and tin. It is proposed that the intersection of national boundaries with the boundaries of the world's metallogenic provinces is of greater importance than the intensity of past search, a feature that has been suggested in other studies. If these areas overlap, a nation may be self sufficient in a commodity: if they do not, the nation must import, or find a nationally available substitute. The sources of information used in the appraisal are outlined together with an analysis of the problems encounterea and the time requirements. This paper was presented at the International Geological Correlation Program (IGCP) Project 98: “Standards for Computer Applications in Resource Studies” held at Taita Hills Kenya, November 8–15, 1977.     

Mineral resource appraisal and mineral deposits computer files in the Geological Survey of Canada

The Geological Survey of Canada (G.S.C.) has been involved in national appraisal of resources of certain commodities for nearly two decades beginning with a national study of iron deposits in 1955. In 1972, the first national appraisal to rapidly estimate total resources of Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Fe, Mo, and U in Canada was carried out largely by economic geologists. This exercise produced, among other things, a better definition of G.S. C. needs for building computer files in support of mineral deposits studies and mineral resource appraisal. Objectives of this paper are threefold: (1) to outline general methodology for the kind of mineral resource appraisal carried out by the G.S.C. in 1972; (2) to identify types of information required in that appraisal; and (3) to indicate types of information on mineral deposits for which it seems advantageous for the G.S.C. to construct computer files, and how these files relate to mineral resource appraisal. Methodology is fairly straightforward for appraisal of reserves (known, measured resources), but is much more problematic for appraisal of undiscovered resources. For the latter, G.S.C. economic geologists make use of two basic concepts: the deposit model, which is a generalized deposit type, distinguished by its geological attributes and host rock environment, and containing characteristic amounts of specified commodities; and the metallogenic region, which is a geographic area of more or less homogeneous geology deemed favorable for the presence of a particular deposit model. Background information required for appraisal of undiscovered resources includes the following: (a) data on distribution and geology of Canadian deposits and occurrences; (6) data on geology of important, foreign deposits; (c) knowledge of Canadian geology, commensurate with metallogenic requirements; (d) knowledge of current theories of ore-forming processes; and (e) appreciation of the amount, location, and effectiveness of past exploration in Canada. At present, only identity, location, and certain simple geological features of Canadian deposits are considered practical for a general computer file of mineral deposits. The fundamental activity of the G.S.C. in the sphere of mineral deposits is a number of broad studies on the geology of certain commodities in Canada carried out by economic geologists. Appraisal of mineral resources is based directly on the results of those studies, and is done by the same economic geologists. Construction of G.S.C. computer files is in response to needs defined by economic geologists, mainly in the context of their broad studies.This paper was presented at the International Geological Correlation Program (IGCP) Project 98 entitled Standards for Computer Applications in Resource Studies held at Loen, Norway, September 27–October 1, 1976.     

幕阜山西南缘黄柏山稀有金属伟晶岩密集区的发现及意义

幕阜山地区是中国重要的稀有金属矿集区。中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所与湖南省核工业地质局三一一大队在总结区域稀有金属成矿规律的基础上,于2019年度在幕阜山西南缘黄柏山地区新发现稀有金属伟晶岩密集区一处。区内伟晶岩呈现出良好的铌钽锂成矿性,易于开采、分选及运输,具有较高的经济价值。区域伟晶岩具较高的岩浆分异演化程度,且呈现出较为清晰的稀有金属矿化分带,具有良好的成矿潜力。     

西藏玉龙斑岩铜矿带南段日曲花岗闪长斑岩成因:锆石U-Pb年代学和地球化学约束

为探讨西藏玉龙斑岩铜矿带南段斑岩的成因及其动力学机制,对该铜矿带南段日曲岩体开展了岩石学、同位素年代学和地球化学研究。结果显示,两件花岗闪长斑岩锆石U-Pb年龄分别为(38.2±0.2)Ma、(38.8±0.2)Ma,为喜马拉雅早期;花岗闪长斑岩富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素,属弱过铝质高钾钙碱性花岗岩;斑岩具有C型埃达克岩的地球化学特征,为加厚下地壳部分熔融的产物,未经明显的地壳混染;源区残留相主要由角闪石、石榴子石、金红石组成,并经历了较弱的壳幔混合作用。研究表明,日曲岩体的形成与印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞诱发妥坝-芒康左行走滑断裂活动有关,下地壳部分熔融及少量幔源物质的混入使斑岩具有壳幔混合的特征。     

Exploration geochemistry in resource appraisal

Exploration geochemistry is viewed in a resource appraisal framework and the various general methods are discussed in terms of their applicability at different stages of the appraisal exercise. The direct nature of geochemical exploration is emphasized and the various types of data that the surveys yield are discussed together with their modes of interpretation. It is shown how the data may be simply reduced to a probability form which will allow data from many sources to be utilized. The limitations of exploration geochemistry in resource appraisal are also discussed so that unnatural expectations may not be fostered and that geochemistry be placed correctly, and complementarity, with the other geoscience techniques of resource appraisal.This paper was presented at the International Geological Correlation Program (IGCP) Project 98 entitled /ldStandards for Computer Applications in Resource Studies held at Loen, Norway, September 27–October 1, 1976.     

Mineral property valuation under the Indonesian Mining Law

Conclusion From the economic point of view, several evaluation techniques incorporating interest rates can be used by the holder of a Mining Authorization or the contractor under the Contract of Work. The problems that arise due to the introduction of risks in exploration for or exhaustibility of a mineral deposit are, in fact, already imbedded in these techniques.From the legal point of view, concession rights no longer exist under Indonesia Mining Law. The rights of a Contractor under the Contract of Work are contractual rights that cannot be subject to mortgage under the Indonesian Law.The Production-Sharing Contract is, in fact, more a Contract of Work rather than the Contract of Work itself: in the latter, the Contractor does indirectly have actual mining rights. The evaluation technique is thus based on the manner of how the sharing of production is performed.This paper was presented at the International Geological Correlation Program (IGCP) Project 98 entitled Standards for Computer Applications in Resource Studies held at Loen, Norway, September 27–October 1, 1976.     

Establishing a national ore data file in Finland

Summary The Finnish Ore Data File has already provided valuable experience on building, maintaining, and using an extensive data file with a great diversity of data. The file attempts to accommodate all relevant data on ore deposits in metamorphosed and strongly deformed Precambrian terrain. Because the deposits dealt with are generally well-studied and documented, they provide a great deal of precise information on ore deposits. The question arises as to how the system could be used internationally, especially bearing in mind developing countries. The two problems which should be solved for this purpose are: first, the forms, codes, and programs should be translated from Finnish into English; second, the structure of the file should be simplified to meet the demands of less studied areas and deposits. However, both problems could be resolved relatively easily without changing the basic principles involved.This paper was presented at the International Geological Correlation Program (IGCP) Project 98 entitled Standards for Computer Applications in Resource Studies held at Loen, Norway, September 27–October 1, 1976.     

基于GIS技术的矿产资源规划管理信息系统

结合正式颁布实施第一轮辽宁省矿产资源规划,论述了本系统通过对GIS功能和数据库功能的组合和集成,实现了分布式远程数据库管理,图形、文档指标3类数据的互动式管理,并支持空间数据的统计和分析,同时还可进行规划项目实施的远程办理,为矿产资源规划管理部门提供一种全新的宏观管理和决策支持的手段和依据.     

战略性关键矿产相关问题探讨

“战略性关键矿产”尚无统一的定义,本文解释为“在节能环保、新一代信息技术、生物、高端装备制造、新能源、新材料、新能源汽车等战略性新兴产业领域中必需的或者能够发挥关键性作用的矿产,包括稀土、稀有金属和稀散金属以及铂族元素、稀有气体和小部分有色金属及非金属。用量一般不大(全球年需求量一般不超过20万t),但具有资源本身的稀缺性、空间分布的局域性和原材料领域的不可替代性。对于一个国家的产业转型、科技创新、经济提升、国家安全、人类健康乃至于在社会发展的方方面面都能够发挥四两拨千斤的作用”。包括新能源领域中所必需的锂以及将来可能取代锂的铷,医学领域中的镓,军事与民用领域都不可或缺的铀、锂、铍等。石油、煤、铁、铜等大宗矿产也具有战略性意义,但一般作为基础性矿产资源而不纳入战略性关键矿产。     

辽宁省矿产资源规划数据库的建立

矿产资源规划数据库是“国家、省、市、县四级矿产资源规划管理信息系统”的重要组成部分.数据库包括空间数据和非空间数据两大类,涵盖了基础地理、基础地质、矿产资源现状、矿产资源规划等方面的内容.建立矿产资源规划数据库,为本地区地质调查和矿产资源管理的信息化建设,提供基础数据支撑.主要阐述了以MapGIS、ArcGIS及Microsoft Office等软件为工具,建立辽宁省矿产资源规划数据库的过程及注意事项.