淄博矿震震源机制探讨

依据由分布密集测震台网记录而得到的地震波场介质力学参数分布特征、所在矿区地质构造与采煤概况,对淄博矿震发生成因及机制进行分析,发现矿震以张性破裂为主兼一定剪切破裂,拉张引起的岩体应变量远大于挤压引起的应变量,并具有一定双侧对称性.在震源发生破裂的过程中,震源周围变形的岩体应有一定回弹.     

Microseismicity in a flooded potash mine,the Hope mine,Federal Republic of Germany

Measuring of microseismic events has been carried out at the former potash mine of Hope since early 1984.Analysis of the data demonstrates an immediate temporal relationship between brine introduction and onset of microseismic activity. The spatial distribution of the sources indicates a dependence on brine level height. Sources are found preferentially immediately next to roads and workings. Source radii, estimated from the frequency ranges in the seismograms, varied with the cross-section of neighbouring cavities and had a similar, order of size.Events occurred rarely in the previously flooded mine sections Similarly, the zone below a depth of approx. 600 m below sea level was virtually inactive.     

Study of blasting vibrations in Sarcheshmeh copper mine

Introduction In spite of development of mechanized methods of ground excavation, drilling and blasting is still extensively employed because of its low capital investment and simplicity. Its extensive use is not even limited by extension of mines close to residential areas and vital establishments. If it is not used in a controlled way, blasting operation can cause instability, failure of mine slopes and damps and damage to the nearby structures. The main objective here could be to reduce the …     

华东地区主要矿山环境地质问题

华东地区经济发达,人口密集,城市化程度较高。对环境要求也高。但是华东地区资源丰富,涉及的矿种多,数量大,矿产资源开发普遍,由此造成的矿山环境地质问题比较突出。本文详细分析了华东地区矿产资源开发引发的矿山环境地质问题,如土地资源破坏和占用、水资源破坏、水土污染和矿山地质灾害等,指出区内因矿产资源开发引发的资源损毁、环境污染以及地质灾害的规模,分析引发矿山环境地质问题的主要自然和人为因素。     

老虎台矿矿山地震活动规律研究

通过分析抚顺老虎台矿地质构造、开采、气象、矿震记录等资料,总结出了老虎台矿矿山地震活动的一些基本规律。研究结果表明,开采深度、强度、采煤方法等是影响矿震时序分布的主要因素,矿震在一年中的分布与同期降雨量成负相关,在现行开采条件下,矿震规模有增大的趋势,矿震空间分布主要受控于区内大的构造。     

华北地区矿山爆破活动的时空特征

矿山爆破作为地震信号源具有经济方便的优点,但作为企业行为,有其自身的活动特性.华北地区矿产资源丰富,矿山爆破活动频繁.为有效利用这些爆破开展地震学研究,基于北京数字遥测地震台网2006年1月至2010年12月的爆破事件目录,分析了华北地区的爆破活动特征.该区的爆破活动在空间上分布广泛,但爆破密度和强度不均.对地震学研究...     

唐山马家沟矿井水位异常分析

地下水动态受水文因素影响较大,对地震和构造活动具有较灵敏的响应。判别并排除各种水文干扰,确认地下水在地震前的异常变化,对提高地震分析预报能力,具有重要作用。马家沟矿井水位动态观测层与地下水开采层为同一含水层,井水位于2010年出现破年变异常,加速持续上升,截至2015年,最大上升幅度约30 m。依据该井水文地质环境特征,根据唐山市区2001-2015年地下水位、降雨量、地下水开采量实测资料,建立合理多元回归模型和三维地下水流动模型,发现地下水开采量减少应为影响马家沟矿井水位动态的可能因素。文中采取的异常识别与分析方法,可为其他类似井孔的地下水动态异常识别及判定提供一定借鉴。     

振动作用下矿井突水涌砂机理的研究

矿井的突水涌砂现象是威胁矿井和矿区的最大灾害之一。利用设计的实验装置,本文完成了某矿井的突水涌砂机理研究,确定了与突水涌砂相关的因素以及这些因素与突水涌砂的定性、定量关系,进一步提出了防治此灾害的方法。     

Stochastic forecasting of mine water inrushes

An event-based stochastic forecasting approach is used to model water inrushes into underground works under karstic water hazard. The stochastic properties of inrushes are related to the statistical properties of fissures in the karstic rock. The probability distributions (DF) of five random variables of interest in design are estimated; namely, inrush yield q, number N of inrushes per unit area, distance L between inrushes, maximum q_max in N events and total yield Q. The phenomenological hypotheses of log normal DF of q and Poisson DF of N are reinforced by observation data. On the basis of these DF, a Monte Carlo simulation of a spatial Poisson process of inrushes is run to estimate the DF of q_max and Q. The derivation of Bayesian DF to account for parameter uncertainty is discussed. The stochastic model is used for design and operation of minewater control facilities in the Transdanubian karstic region of Hungary.     

湖南矿山地震类型及特征分析

从讨论矿产资源开发所引起的环境地质问题出发，对湖南矿震的形成机制进行分类。总结出3种类型的矿山诱发地震，即：矿山构造型、矿山塌陷型和矿山岩(煤)爆型。并分析了各类矿震的特征。     

Radiospectrometric and magnetic signatures of a gold mine in Egypt

The purpose of this research is to study the signatures of a gold mine (Um Salim), located in the Eastern Desert of Egypt, using aeroradiospectrometric and aeromagnetic data. To achieve this goal, reduction-to-pole (RTP), high-pass filtering and analytical signal techniques were applied to the aeromagnetic data. Besides, interpretation of the total-count (TC) radiometric map, the three radioelements (K, eU and eTh) maps and the ternary radioelement composite image were carried out. Moreover, a two-dimensional trend analysis for the structural lineaments as traced from the geologic, total-count radiometric and reduced-to-pole magnetic maps was conducted to define the relationship which might exist between location of the gold mine, lithologies and major structures of the area under consideration.The study revealed that the known gold mine is associated with a high positive magnetic anomaly that trends in the NE direction and a high-amplitude analytic signal. The Um Salim gold mine is associated with very low aeroradiospectrometric levels on the four maps (TC, K, eU and eTh). The location of the gold mine is controlled by the intersection of both NW and NE trends. There are other particular radiospectrometric ratio signatures for gold deposits (eU/eTh, eU/K and eTh/K). Ternary radioelement maps can discriminate also alteration zones in various degrees that correlate with the gold mine. These zones can be used as a diagnostic exploration guide for various types of non-radioactive mineral deposits (e.g., copper and gold). Four major tectonic trends were identified that have the following directions: NE, NW, N–S and WNW.     

煤矿井下微震震源高精度定位研究

煤矿井下微震震源准确定位,对于动力灾害监测预警具有重要意义.由于微震震源需要通过井下传感器接收信息反演确定,传感器的安装位置限制于煤矿井下巷道周围,传感器沿巷道近平面的不合理布置将大大降低震源定位精度.针对由传感器信息反演震源位置引起的病态问题,本文提出了基于微震监测测点优化布置的震源高精度定位算法.首先通过计算系数矩阵条件数,判定病态问题;然后利用中心化法和行平衡法联合进行病态矩阵预处理.对预处理后的矩阵A、b利用L曲线法计算正则参数,结合Tikhonov正则化算法计算得到震源坐标正则解.研究结果表明,中心化法有效降低了矩阵数量级,行平衡预处理降低了病态条件数,预处理后Tikhonov正则解的震源坐标误差最小可以达到3.09m,与预处理前的高斯消去解相比误差大大降低.通过上述优化处理,实现了井下受限空间微震监测震源高精度定位.     

北京地区地震、爆破和矿震的记录图识别

以北京地区台网数据为例，讨论了天然地震、人工地震和矿山地震的区别，并对多重地震和不同地区的地震特征进行了分析。     

Bacteriological investigations of mine water from lignite pits in Denmark

Summary The present paper is a general survey of some bacterial processes associated with the transformation of iron and sulphur compounds in water issuing from lignite pits situated in Jutland (Denmark), special stress having been laid on an investigation of the lignite pit at Skraastrup on Spaab?k. The rivulet Spaab?k is confluent with the rivulet P?lb?k, and after the confluence the watercourse is called Timaa. The limnological and chemical conditions prevailing in the lignite pit and the recipient of the drainage from the lignite pit (Spaab?k) are described in another paper [19]. Table 1 gives an extract of the most important analytical results for the localities dealt with in the present paper; Table 2 is a survey of 1. pH concentrations, 2. titrations with n/10 NaOH, and 3. ferricyanide and ferrous reactions of cultures ofThiobacillus ferrioxydans, which plays a significant role in the oxidation of iron compounds. Tables 3,4 and 5 deal withT. thiooxydans andT. thioparus. The bacterial transformation in the various media as forT. thioxydans is demonstrated 1. by the drop in pH, 2. by determination of the sulphate content (sulphur transformation), and 3. by titration with n/10 NaOH, and forT. thioparus by 1. determination of the pH, 2. titration with n/10 iodine, and 3. titration with n/10 NaOH. Furthermore, the presence ofBacterium thiogenes was demonstrated in the samples from localities 2, 4, 14, andB. According to the available information,Thiobacillus ferrioxydans, thiooxydans, andthioparus seem to act as accelerating elements in the hydrolysis, simultaneously as well as alternately.     

典型草原露天煤矿区地下水-湖泊系统演化

由于气候干旱、大量疏排地下水导致草原露天煤矿区普遍存在着水文循环失调、土壤沙化、草地退化等环境地质问题.本研究以呼伦贝尔草原伊敏露天煤矿为研究对象,在对矿区地下水湖泊系统调查分析的基础上,结合水文、气象及遥感影像等数据,应用水均衡原理构建矿区地下水位湖泊面积响应机制的数学模型,并利用此模型预测分析矿区开发对伊敏盆地内湖泊面积的影响.结果表明:煤矿开采35年来,伊敏盆地湖群数量由开采前(1982年)的5个变为如今(2017年)的2个,湖泊总面积由原来的6.94 km 2萎缩到1.12 km 2;矿区地下水湖泊关系由自然状态下的地下水补给湖泊型向湖泊补给地下水型演化;本文建立的地下水湖泊耦合数学模型可较好地对湖泊面积进行预测,在气候因素波动不大、矿山开发稳定的状况下,该矿闭矿时(2045年)研究区湖泊面积将萎缩至0.56 km^2.     

Moment tensors of ten witwatersrand mine tremors

Ground motions, recorded both underground and on the surface in two of the South African Gold mining districts, were inverted to determine complete moment tensors for 10 mining-induced tremors in the magnitude range 1.9 to 3.3. The resulting moment tensors fall into two separate categories. Seven of the events involve substantial coseismic volumetric reduction-V together with normal faulting entailing shear deformation AD, where the summation is over fault planes of areaA and average slipD. For these events the ratio-V/AD ranges from 0.58 to 0.92, with an average value of 0.71. For the remaining three events V is not significantly different from zero; these events are largely double-couple sources involving normal faulting. Surprisingly, the two types of source mechanism appear to be very distinct in that there is not a continuous distribution of the source mix from V=0 to-VAD. Presumably, the coseismic closure indicates substantial interaction between a mine stope and adjacent shear failure in the surrounding rock, under the influence of an ambient stress for which the maximum principal stress is oriented vertically.     

井-地三维电阻率成像技术

主要介绍了在钻孔中放置供电电源、在地面进行测量的井—地三维电阻率成像数值模拟方法,将其空间分辨率与地面常规电法勘探进行了对比.详细研究了方法的仪器特性及其数据采集过程中的测网布置、装置形式、记录点、采样密度及供电点的深度位置等相关内容,并从中得总结得到了若干结论.     

矿井电阻率成像技术的现状与展望

主要介绍国内外关于矿井电阻率层析成像技术在矿井生产中应用的相关资料,综合论述了矿井电阻率成像技术发展现状,介绍了矿井电阻率层析成像技术的特殊问题、井下勘探主要方法和数值模拟技术,并提出了作者对矿井电阻率成像技术发展趋势的展望．