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介绍了浮球式海底取样器的结构,性能特点,典型应用及性能参数;论述了振动式振动冲击式贯入理论的原理;并分析了海流及船体飘移对海上取样作业的影响及解决办法。 相似文献
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冲绳海槽中段西陆坡下缘天然气水合物存在的可能性分析 总被引:28,自引:0,他引:28
海洋中的天然气水合物主要发育在有机质供应充分、沉积速率快、热流值较高、水深大于300m的大陆斜坡和活动边缘的增生楔发育区;沉积物类型主要以泥质砂岩、砂质泥岩和浊积岩为主。似海底反射层(BSR)和极性反转是识别天然气水合物层的关键标志。冲绳海槽中段西陆坡下缘水深大于1000m;沉积物类型主要为粉砂质泥和泥质粉砂,在部分层位见浊积层。与东海陆架相比,西陆坡下缘的有机质含量、沉积速率的热流值都较高,其范围分别为0.75%~1.25%、10~40cm/ka和70~437mw/m2;单道地震剖面具有明显的似海底反射层(BSR)和极性反转特征,因此,推断冲绳海槽中段西陆坡下缘可能存在天然气水合物层。 相似文献
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冲绳海槽以其特有的构造地质环境吸引着众多地质学者的关注。针对冲绳海槽地区岩浆作用过程的研究是其中的核心内容之一。本文综述了近年来冲绳海槽岩浆源区物质特征、岩浆形成演化过程及其控制机制等方面研究取得的主要成果,并在此基础上指出了目前冲绳海槽岩浆活动研究工作中存在的科学问题,提出利用铀系不平衡方法研究冲绳海槽岩浆活动的新思路,同时探讨了今后一段时间内的研究方向应该集中在以下四个方面: ①菲律宾板块俯冲的脱水过程对冲绳海槽岩浆活动的作用;②俯冲过程中深海沉积物对冲绳海槽岩浆的贡献;③冲绳海槽岩浆熔融的控制因素;④冲绳海槽火山活动和海底热液活动的成因关系。 相似文献
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个旧锡矿区域地壳演化与成矿探讨 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
个旧锡多金属矿床是驰名中外的特大型矿床,过去认为是燕山晚期“花岗岩岩浆期后气液矿床”。但通过探讨区域上前震旦纪地壳演化、震旦纪-早古生代地壳演化、泥盆纪-三叠纪地壳演化以及侏罗纪-第四纪地壳演化,以及与成矿之间的关系,发现个旧矿区至少经历了印支中晚期海底基性火山-沉积成矿、印支中晚期海底喷流热水沉积成矿、燕山晚期花岗岩叠加改造成矿以及喜山期陆相表生沉积成矿作用,厘定了个旧锡矿区的印支中晚期海底基性火山.沉积Sn-Cu-Zn(Au)矿床系列、印支中晚期海底喷流-沉积Sn-Cu-Pb-Zn矿床系列、燕山晚期花岗岩叠加改造Sn-Cu-W-Be-Bi-Pb-Zn-Ag矿床系列、喜山期陆相表生沉积砂矿矿床系列等4大矿床系列及12种矿床类型。 相似文献
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瞬变电磁法应用于浅海底进行资源勘探或工程地质勘查时,需要将仪器系统和观测装置置于海底,以克服海水屏蔽效应。因此,要求能够远程控制仪器进行自动化数据采集;同时,受工作环境影响,需要将观测装置小型化;另外,通过拖曳式测量提高工作效率。总结课题组目前的研究成果,就仪器系统研制、观测装置小型化、拖曳式测量及海水影响等内容的研究进展进行了简要叙述。 相似文献
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硬件系统集成——海底大地电磁测量的关键技术 总被引:3,自引:5,他引:3
海底大地电磁探测是一项多学科交叉和多技术渗透的前缘课题 ,课题的目标之一是研制用于海底数据采集的大地电磁测量系统。入海的难度给该系统提出了特殊要求 ,即必须解决海下仪器安全及海面与海底间的设备运载问题。由于涉及多项技术内容 ,每项技术由相应的硬件完成 ,因而整个系统包括了多个集成部件 ,各部件分别实现密封承压、重载下沉、水下布极、释放上浮等各项功能。在系统集成过程中 ,除了要考虑各部件的协调装配外 ,系统整体指标的完善性是研究的重点。根据海上作业的特点和船只设备的具体情况 ,系统集成方案解决了结构、强度、平衡、保护等设计难题 ,提出了若干个既实用又可靠的工程技术方法。集成后的系统经过了从甲板投放、海底数据采集到设备回收全过程的试验。 相似文献
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After a prolonged period of convergent margin tectonics in the Late Paleozoic and Mesozoic, resulting in terrane accretion, uplift and erosion of the New Zealand segment of Gondwana, the region saw a rapid change to extensional tectonics in mid-Cretaceous times. The change in regime is commonly marked by a major angular unconformity that separates the older, often strongly-deformed subduction-related ‘basement’ rocks from the younger, less-deformed ‘cover’ strata. The youngest ‘basement’ strata locally contain Albian fossils, and the youngest associated zircons have been radiometrically dated at ca. 100 Ma. In general the oldest strata overlying the unconformity contain fossils of similar Albian age, and the oldest radiometric dates also give similar dates of ca. 100 Ma, indicating a very rapid transition between the two tectonic regimes.The onset of extension resulted in the widespread development of grabens and half grabens, associated in the northwest of the South Island with a metamorphic core complex. In the west and south, on the thicker and more buoyant crust of most of the South Island, the new basins were infilled with mainly non-marine deposits. Non-marine graben infill consists of locally-derived breccia deposited as talus or debris flows on alluvial fans, passing directly as fan deltas or via fluvial deposits into lacustrine deposits. Active faulting continued in some areas until the initiation of sea floor spreading in Santonian times. Post-subduction strata on the thinner continental crust of the northeastern South Island and eastern North Island (East Coast Basin) were mainly marine. Initial sedimentary deposits in the west of the basin, reflecting extensional tectonism, consist of coarse-grained debris-flow deposits or olistostromes, generally fining upwards as tectonic activity waned: those in the east, including allochthonous sediments derived from the northeast, are dominated by turbidites. Early Cenomanian (ca. 96–98 Ma) injection of intraplate alkaline igneous rocks in central New Zealand caused updoming, resulting in shallowing and local uplift of the basin floor above sea level. A long (ca. 10 Ma) period of slow subsidence and transgressive marine sedimentation interrupted by episodic relative sea level changes followed.This pattern changed in the Late Coniacian (ca. 87–86 Ma), with a sudden influx of coarse, transgressive sands in eastern New Zealand. This was immediately preceded in parts of the region by uplift and erosion, probably driven by convective upwelling of the mantle just prior to sea-floor spreading, resulting in a ‘break-up’ unconformity. In the Late Santonian (ca. 85–84 Ma), development of a new, diachronous, widespread low-relief erosion surface, overlain by fine-grained deposits accompanying a rapid rise in relative sea level, coincided with the beginning of sea-floor spreading, rapid passive margin subsidence, and final separation of New Zealand from Gondwana. 相似文献
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在三层结构热液硫化物矿体模型的基础上, 分别构建了具有不同地形环境的海底热液硫化物矿体模型, 利用数值模拟方法, 模拟了具有倾斜海底面和起伏地形特征的硫化物矿体模型内部温度场和流场分布, 并据此探讨了地形环境在大型海底热液硫化物矿体形成过程中的控制作用.模拟结果表明: (1) 倾斜的洋壳层顶面对于矿体内温度场和流场分布的影响程度有限; (2) 矿体地形起伏是控制矿体内流体运移和热场分布的重要因素; (3) 在热液流体喷出区附近硫化物的堆积速度较快, 易于形成矿体的高地形区; 但随着地形的不断升高, 矿体内部的温度场和流场的分布模式会逐渐发生改变, 导致该区域热液喷口逐渐消亡或者改道. 相似文献