非负矩阵分解基向量分析及其在矿产预测中的应用

针对矿产预测数据具有复杂性以及矿质异常信息具有稀疏性的问题,基于非负矩阵分解的非负性和降维的特点,结合稀疏性,提出一种基于NMF基向量分析的矿产预测数据处理方法,并对基向量和原变量以及基向量之间的关系进行分析。广东新寮岽铜多金属矿区数据实验结果表明,NMF方法在不同特征值和相似稀疏度的条件下的基向量形态基本稳定,在保留找矿信息的同时可有效地实现对矿产预测数据的稀疏化。NMF方法对于矿产预测具有重要的实际意义。     

非负矩阵分解方法在水系沉积物地球化学数据处理中应用

鉴于水系沉积物地球化学数据可以表示为非负矩阵,这使得利用非负矩阵分解(NMF)方法处理该类数据成为可能.介绍了非负矩阵分解方法的基本原理和方法,讨论了基于非负矩阵分解方法处理水系沉积物地球化学数据的可能和效果.以个旧水系沉积物地球化学数据为例,运用NMF方法和主成分分析(PCA)方法对其进行异常分析,并对这两种方法的处理结果进行了比较,发现NMF方法对于处理水系沉积物地球化学数据是一种有效的方法.尽管这两种方法各自有其优越性,但就本实例数据而言,NMF方法优于PCA方法.     

大数据环境下内蒙古浩布高地区铅锌多金属矿智能矿产预测研究

传统机器学习算法已广泛应用于矿产预测,但面对地质大数据的高维稀疏、不平衡小样本等特性仍缺乏有效处理和分析的方法,设计适合地质大数据特点的机器学习算法是智能矿产预测亟需解决的新问题。本文以内蒙古浩布高地区的铅锌多金属矿产预测为例,提出了一种面向地质大数据的半监督协同训练矿产预测模型。首先对研究区地质找矿信息和地球化学异常信息进行定量分析,提取断裂构造、二叠系地层、燕山期侵入岩、地层与岩体接触带、围岩蚀变及Pb、Zn、Sn、Cu地球化学异常共9种找矿因子。然后利用递归特征消除法优选找矿因子组合,不包括Sn异常在内的8个找矿因子组合被选为最优组合。最后,利用支持向量机和随机森林算法作为基分类器进行半监督协同训练矿产预测,绘制成矿概率分布图。ROC曲线和预测度曲线分析结果表明,半监督协同训练模型的AUC值和预测效率都高于随机森林和支持向量机模型。研究结果也为大数据环境下的智能矿产预测提供了一种新的思路。     

一种异常组合分析方法及其在矿产预测中的应用

异常组合分析方法是一种矿产预测的统计方法，其特点是使用定性的多态数据，适合表现地质因素的多种异常状态。用地质变量异常组合并联性标度样品，通过典型样品与预测样品的对比分析，来进行地质异常评价和成矿预测。     

非负矩阵分解及在地学中的应用

非负矩阵分解（NMF）是重要的矩阵分解算法与数据降维工具。介绍了NMF的背景、定义、原理及特征。在已有NMF算法分类的基础上,总结当前流行的NMF算法及研究进展,综述NMF在地学领域中的应用,主要包括高光谱图像的处理与矿产资源预测。对NMF算法的研究方向进行了预测和展望。     

基于奇异值分解法的含量-面积法对化探异常的确定

地球化学场的数据通常具有分形的特征。应用奇异值分解方法对元素含量数据矩阵进行分解,对奇异值进行分形统计,得到了分形模型。重建元素含量的数据矩阵。然后利用含量-面积的分形方法对重建后的数据矩阵进行分形处理。使用MAPGIS软件进行统计分析,得出研究地区元素的异常下限,做出元素异常分布图,并与该地区已知矿点的分布图进行叠加分析,预测潜在的成矿区。     

基于GWR的丁家山铅锌矿控矿因素影响研究

在成矿预测领域,探索各控矿因素对成矿的影响规律,有助于提高成矿预测模型的精准度。隐伏矿体矿产分布具有真三维特性,利用经典统计模型和计量方法进行成矿预测存在可靠性低的问题。三维地理加权回归将真三维空间的位置信息加入普通线性回归模型,更有利于探究矿产分布及其控矿因素之间的内在联系。以福建丁家山铅锌矿Pb品位及其控矿因素数据为例,在排除各控矿因素变量之间存在的多重共线性问题以及证实福建丁家山铅锌矿Pb品位数据具有显著的空间自相关的基础上,对该组数据分别进行了普通线性回归分析和三维地理加权回归分析。结果表明,采用地理加权回归模型比采用普通线性回归模型具有更高的显著性,验证了各控矿因素对成矿的影响具有空间非平稳性。同时,通过采用自适应带宽对地理加权回归方法不同权函数运算结果的对比,证明Tricube权函数更能体现各控矿因素对成矿的影响随距离衰减的规律。从不同核函数的地理加权回归模型在三维空间的作用效应来看,各控矿因素的三维空间非平稳性显著,表明三维空间的地理加权回归模型在地下矿体建模与预测等方面还有很大的发展空间。     

基于经验模态分解和加权最小二乘支持向量机的采空区地面塌陷预测

根据采空区路面塌陷数据的特性,提出了基于经验模态分解（EMD）和加权最小二乘支持向量机（WLS-SVM）预测采空区地面塌陷的新方法,并将其应用于吉林省长平高速公路因刘房子煤矿开采而引起的塌陷预测中。对实测的塌陷数据首先利用三次样条插值得到平滑的信号曲线,然后用EMD对插值后的信号进行时空滤波降噪处理,得到反映塌陷趋势的剩余分量,最后将其馈入到WLS-SVM模型完成预测。预测给出了采空区塌陷的中长期预测结果,得到塌陷区的最终塌陷值为174.34 cm,预测结果与实际监测数据平均偏差约1.06%。对长平高速公路下伏采空区段的实测数据进行分析,并与最小二乘支持向量机（LS-SVM）和BP神经网络预测结果进行了对比。结果表明:基于EMD和WLS-SRM的采空区地面塌陷预测方法具有更高的预测精度和广泛的适用性。     

多维标度法在矿产预测中的应用

在矿产预测中常涉及一些定性变量,对这些变量的分析和应用,必须将定性描述的地质特征转化为用数值表示的变量,这就需要处理此问题的方法——多维标度法。笔者介绍了计量性的Ｔｏｒｇｅｒｓｏｎ法、准计量性的林知已夫数量化理论和非计量性多维标度法,并列举了其在矿产预测中的应用实例。     

基于STL-EEMD-GA-SVR的采煤工作面瓦斯涌出量预测方法及应用

瓦斯涌出量准确预测可为矿井通风及瓦斯灾害防治措施提供重要依据。为提高采煤工作面瓦斯涌出量预测精度,根据陕西黄陵某矿采煤工作面绝对瓦斯涌出量监测数据,应用基于局部加权回归的周期趋势分解(Seasonal-Trend decomposition procedure based on Loess, STL),将监测数据分解成趋势项、周期项和不规则波动项;利用集成经验模态分解(Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition,EEMD),将不规则波动项分解得到不同特征尺度的IMFs(Intrinsic Mode Functions, IMFs)分量以及残差余量;通过遗传算法(Genetic Algorithms, GA)参数寻优后的支持向量回归机(Support Vector Regression, SVR),对各项分解数据进行预测;叠加各分量模型预测结果,得到最终瓦斯涌出量预测结果。结果表明：在预测集为247、147和70组3种情景下,对比分析了STL-EEMD-GA-SVR模型(简称SEGS)、EEMD-GA-SVR模型、GA-SVR模型和高斯过程回归(Gauss...     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861