基于GAMP软件的GNSS精密单点定位研究

研究利用开源的GNSS数据处理软件GAMP进行精密单点定位解算,阐述了GAMP软件在精密单点定位中使用的数据预处理方法以及电离层、对流层、频间偏差等误差项的改正方法,设计了精密单点定位的解算策略并配置了相关的软件关键参数,对IGS跟踪站jfng站的实测数据进行了解算。结果表明,利用GAMP软件,利用适当的解算策略处理静态数据,约10 min可收敛至亚米级,3 h左右可收敛至厘米级,经过全天的解算其最终精度可达近毫米级。     

多GNSS精密单点定位性能分析

在实现BDS/GPS/GLONASS组合精密单点定位的基础上,模拟多种遮挡环境;利用3个MGEX测站的数据进行三系统组合PPP试验;并在可见卫星数、PDOP值、定位精度、收敛时间和定位可用性等方面与GPS单系统PPP进行了比较分析。结果表明:在亚太地区,相比于GPS单系统PPP,三系统组合PPP可见卫星数增加了2~3倍,PDOP值显著减小。动态试验中,在无遮挡环境下,三系统组合PPP相较于GPS PPP收敛时间更短,且收敛后定位精度更高;在遮挡环境下,GPS PPP性能急剧下降,三系统组合PPP较好的保证了定位精度,提高了系统定位可用性。     

多GNSS系统精密单点定位软件的开发

当前,全球已步入多GNSS系统融合时代,基于多GNSS系统的PPP测量较单一GPS系统具有更高的定位精度和更强的可靠性。针对多GNSS系统融合PPP数据处理问题,该文采用Matlab平台开发了多GNSS系统PPP解算软件,该软件能够对GPS、BDS、Galileo和QZSS系统进行单一系统或多系统融合PPP解算,并利用MGEX数据网的观测数据与产品对开发的软件进行了测试,实验结果与其他机构公布的定位结果精度相当,表明编制的软件达到了开发要求。该软件具有程序开发环境好、使用方便、兼容QZSS系统等优点。     

BDS/GNSS融合精密单点定位性能分析

随着北斗卫星导航系统(BDS)的全球组网成功,基于BDS的应用研究正在如火如荼的进行中,尤其是包括BDS在内的多频多模融合定位正成为研究的重点.利用MGEX(Multi-GNSS Experiment)多个测站的BDS、GPS、GLONASS、Galileo观测数据,基于RTKLIB开源代码,在Visual Studi...     

GNSS精密单点定位技术及应用进展

综合分析讨论了GNSS精密单点定位(PPP)技术及应用的最新进展。重点对GNSS精密单点定位实数解、固定解、实时精密单点定位、PPP-RTK和多频多系统精密单点定位等5个方面的核心关键技术和实现方法进行了总结和讨论。结合PPP技术的特点和优势,论述了PPP在低轨卫星定轨、地震、对流层和电离层等方面的典型应用。针对多频多系统GNSS的最新发展动态,展望了PPP技术今后的发展趋势,并指出了精密单点定位技术和推广应用还有待进一步研究的问题。     

GPS/GLONASS组合精密单点定位模型及结果分析

在GPS和GLONASS观测方程中考虑硬件延迟偏差的基础上,推导了GPS/GLONASS双系统组合精密单点定位的数学模型,并分析了硬件延迟偏差对估计的未知参数的影响。利用IGS跟踪站的观测数据和动态实验数据,对组合GPS/GLONASS精密单点定位模型进行了试算,并与GPS单系统精密单点定位的结果进行了比较。     

GPS/GLONASS组合精密单点定位

为了改善传统GPS/GLONASS组合精密单点定位的法方程,推导了一种基于等价消参法的融合法方程。该融合法方程是由GPS系统的法方程和GLONASS系统的法方程进行消除参数叠加得到,既易于实现GPS/GLONASS系统组合单点定位,也便于进行单系统定位的切换。理论证明,基于等价消参法的融合法方程和传统的组合法方程是等价的。程序设计和算例分析显示,基于等价消参法的融合法方程在GPS/GLONASS组合系统精密单点定位和单系统定位转换方面比传统的组合法方程具有更高的效率。最后,利用实测算例分析了GPS/GLONASS组合精密单点定位的定位精度。     

GPS/GLONASS组合精密单点定位研究

讨论了GPS/GLONASS组合精密单点定位的数学模型,并以IRKJ跟踪站的观测数据为例,分别利用GPS和GPS/GLONASS组合两种方式进行精密单点定位解算。计算结果表明,当GPS观测卫星数较多(9~10颗)时,组合GPS/GLONASS较单系统GPS的精密单点定位精度及收敛速度有一定改善,但效果不明显。当GPS卫星数较少(4~5颗)时,引入GLONASS卫星进行GPS/GLONASS组合精密单点定位,其定位精度及收敛速度较单系统GPS精密单点均有显著改善。     

GPS/GLONASS组合精密单点定位北大核心CSCD

为了改善传统GPS/GLONASS组合精密单点定位的法方程,推导出一种基于等价消参法的融合法方程。该融合法方程是由GPS系统的法方程和GLONASS系统的法方程进行消除参数叠加得到,既易于实现GPS/GLONASS系统组合单点定位,也便于进行单系统定位的切换。理论证明,基于等价消参法的融合法方程和传统的组合法方程是等价的。程序设计和算例分析显示,基于等价消参法的融合法方程在GPS/GLONASS组合系统精密单点定位和单系统定位转换方面比传统的组合法方程具有更高的效率。最后,利用实测算例分析了GPS/GLONASS组合精密单点定位的定位精度。     

组合精密单点定位在航空动态测量中的应用

本文利用实际飞行的航空动态数据,以传统差分GPS解算结果作为参考,分析了GPS/GLONASS组合精密单点定位在航空动态测量中的应用。试验结果表明,当GPS观测卫星数较多(大于6颗)时,GPS/GLONASS组合对提高定位精度不明显,但可提高定位的可靠性,获得较小的PDOP值;当GPS观测卫星数少于4颗时,采用GPS/GLONASS组合系统仍可获得厘米级的定位结果,保证了动态测量的连续性。     

Analyzing GNSS data in precise point positioning software

This work demonstrates that precise point positioning (PPP) can be used not only for positioning, but for a variety of other tasks, such as signal analysis. The fact that the observation model used for accurate error modeling has to take into consideration the several effects present in GPS signals, and that observations are undifferenced, makes PPP a powerful data analysis tool sensitive to a variety of parameters. The PPP application developed at the University of New Brunswick, which is called GAPS (GPS Analysis and Positioning Software), has been designed and built in order to take advantage of available precise products, resulting in a data analysis tool for determining parameters in addition to position, receiver clock error, and neutral atmosphere delay. These other estimated parameters include ionospheric delays, code biases, satellite clock errors, and code multipath among others. In all cases, the procedures were developed in order to be suitable for real-time as well as post-processing applications. One of the main accomplishments in the development described here is the use of very precise satellite products, coupled with a very complete observation error modeling to make possible a variety of analyses based on GPS data. In this paper, several procedures are described, their innovative aspects are pointed out, and their results are analyzed and compared with other sources. The procedures and software are readily adaptable for using data from other global navigation satellite systems.     

基于GNSS精密单点定位的高精度云平台授时

采用GNSS精密单点定位(PPP)技术和时钟驯服技术,构建了基于PPP的云平台高精度授时方案,研制了搭载多系统GNSS接收机板卡、恒温晶振(OCXO)和数字信号处理器(DSP)的授时原理样机。利用协同精密定位平台分析中心(武汉)提供的5 s间隔卫星轨道和钟差产品,采用PPP技术实时解算授时终端坐标和钟差,通过驯服恒温晶振输出亚纳秒精度的1 PPS,实现了长时间高精度的授时能力。本文通过短基线比较和与UTC绝对时间基准比较,验证了精密单点授时精度(RMS)优于1 ns。     

GNSS多频融合精密单点定位频率间卫星钟偏差研究

全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)提供多频信号,多频融合已经成为一种趋势。在精密钟差估计(PCE)的过程中,卫星钟差参数会吸收卫星端稳定的伪距偏差和时变的相位偏差,这些偏差均与频率相关。因而使用不同的观测值进行PCE时,得到的卫星钟差估值是不同的,它们之间的差值被定义为频率间卫星钟偏差(IFCB)。按组成成分,IFCB可以分成伪距相关的IFCB(CIFCB)和相位相关的IFCB(PIFCB)两部分。国际GNSS服务(IGS)提供的精密卫星钟差产品是基于双频消电离层(IF)组合观测值生成的。由于IFCB的存在,导致IGS卫星钟差产品不能直接应用于多频精密单点定位(PPP)。IFCB的精确考虑已经成为多频PPP的一个关键问题。本研究旨在对IFCB特性和估计方法开展系统深入的研究,并评估其对多频PPP解的影响。     

PPPH: a MATLAB-based software for multi-GNSS precise point positioning analysis

The integration of different GNSS constellations offers considerable opportunities to improve Precise Point Positioning (PPP) performance. Being aware of the limited number of the alternatives that utilize the potential advantages of the multi-constellation and multi-frequency GNSS, we developed a MATLAB-based GNSS analysis software, named PPPH. PPPH is capable of processing GPS, GLONASS, Galileo and BeiDou data, and forming their different combinations depending on user’s preference. Thanks to its user-friendly graphical interface, PPPH allows users to determine a variety of processing options and parameters. In addition to an output file including the estimated parameters for every single epoch, PPPH also presents several analyzing and plotting tools for evaluating the results, such as positioning error, tropospheric zenith total delay, receiver clock estimation, satellite number, dilution of precisions. On the other hand, we conducted experimental tests to both validate the performance of PPPH and assess the potential benefits of multi-GNSS on PPP. The results indicate that PPPH provides comparable PPP solution with the general standards and also contributes to the improvement of PPP performance with the integration of multi-GNSS. Consequently, we introduce a GNSS analysis software that is easy to use, has a robust performance and is open to progress with its modular structure.     

基于精密单点定位的GNSS时间同步方法研究

高精度时间服务是国家综合PNT(positioning,navigation,timing)体系的重要组成部分,在国防军事、移动通信、天文观测等领域中发挥着重要作用。论文采用全球导航卫星系统GNSS授时的方式,提出了一种基于精密单点定位(PPP)技术的时间同步方法。该方法根据PPP时间传递结果驾驭本地时钟,使本地时钟所表示的本地时间与基准时间同步,可以达到亚纳秒级的时间同步精度,并且具备全天候、全覆盖、高精度、低成本等优点。     

Modeling and quality control for reliable precise point positioning integer ambiguity resolution with GNSS modernization

Recent research has demonstrated that the undifferenced integer ambiguities can be recovered using products from a network solution. The standard dual-frequency PPP integer ambiguity resolution consists of two aspects: Hatch-Melbourne-Wübbena wide-lane (WL) and ionosphere-free narrow-lane (NL) integer ambiguity resolution. A major issue affecting the performance of dual-frequency PPP applications is the time it takes to fix these two types of integer ambiguities, especially if the WL integer ambiguity resolution suffers from the noisy pseudorange measurements and strong multipath effects. With modernized Global Navigation Satellite Systems, triple-frequency measurements will be available to global users and an extra WL (EWL) model with very long wavelength can be formulated. Then, the easily resolved EWL integer ambiguities can be used to construct linear combinations to accelerate the PPP WL integer ambiguity resolution. Therefore, we propose a new reliable procedure for the modeling and quality control of triple-frequency PPP WL and NL integer ambiguity resolution. First, we analyze a WL integer ambiguity resolution model based on triple-frequency measurements. Then, an optimal pseudorange linear combination which is ionosphere-free and has minimum measurement noise is developed and used as constraint in the WL and the NL integer ambiguity resolution. Based on simulations, we have investigated the inefficiency of dual-frequency WL integer ambiguity resolution and the performance of EWL integer ambiguity resolution. Using almanacs of GPS, Galileo and BeiDou, the performances of the proposed triple-frequency WL and NL models have been evaluated in terms of success rate. Comparing with dual-frequency PPP, numerical results indicate that the proposed triple-frequency models can outperform the dual-frequency PPP WL and NL integer ambiguity resolution. With 1 s sampling rate, generally, only several minutes of data are required for reliable triple-frequency PPP WL and NL integer ambiguity resolution. Under benign observation situations and good geometries, the integer ambiguity can be reliably resolved even within 10 s.     

A reference station-based GNSS computing mode to support unified precise point positioning and real-time kinematic services

Currently, the GNSS computing modes are of two classes: network-based data processing and user receiver-based processing. A GNSS reference receiver station essentially contributes raw measurement data in either the RINEX file format or as real-time data streams in the RTCM format. Very little computation is carried out by the reference station. The existing network-based processing modes, regardless of whether they are executed in real-time or post-processed modes, are centralised or sequential. This paper describes a distributed GNSS computing framework that incorporates three GNSS modes: reference station-based, user receiver-based and network-based data processing. Raw data streams from each GNSS reference receiver station are processed in a distributed manner, i.e., either at the station itself or at a hosting data server/processor, to generate station-based solutions, or reference receiver-specific parameters. These may include precise receiver clock, zenith tropospheric delay, differential code biases, ambiguity parameters, ionospheric delays, as well as line-of-sight information such as azimuth and elevation angles. Covariance information for estimated parameters may also be optionally provided. In such a mode the nearby precise point positioning (PPP) or real-time kinematic (RTK) users can directly use the corrections from all or some of the stations for real-time precise positioning via a data server. At the user receiver, PPP and RTK techniques are unified under the same observation models, and the distinction is how the user receiver software deals with corrections from the reference station solutions and the ambiguity estimation in the observation equations. Numerical tests demonstrate good convergence behaviour for differential code bias and ambiguity estimates derived individually with single reference stations. With station-based solutions from three reference stations within distances of 22–103 km the user receiver positioning results, with various schemes, show an accuracy improvement of the proposed station-augmented PPP and ambiguity-fixed PPP solutions with respect to the standard float PPP solutions without station augmentation and ambiguity resolutions. Overall, the proposed reference station-based GNSS computing mode can support PPP and RTK positioning services as a simpler alternative to the existing network-based RTK or regionally augmented PPP systems.     

融合对流层模型及其在精密单点定位中的应用

受实测气象参数的限制,使用标准大气参数的传统对流层模型的精度并不高;使用参数估计法的精密对流层模型增加了观测方程的待估参数,影响收敛速度. 针对实测气象参数缺失的情况,提出一种融合对流层模型,使用两种非实测气象参数模型分别计算出平均海平面处和测站处的气象参数,再利用Saastamoinen模型经验公式求解天顶对流层延迟（ZTD）. 利用RTKLIB软件进行精密单点定位（PPP）实验. 提出的融合对流层模型摆脱了实测气象参数的限制,解算结果表明:使用该模型时,在东、北、天方向的定位精度分别比Saastamoinen模型提高16 mm、1 mm、2.2 mm,比MOPS模型提高13.8 mm、0.7 mm、1.6 mm,比GPT/UNB3m+Sa模型提高2.9 mm、0.4 mm、0.7 mm,在天、北方向的定位精度接近参数估计模型,实现了PPP定位精度的提高.      

Modeling tropospheric wet delays with national GNSS reference network in China for BeiDou precise point positioning

During past decades, precise point positioning (PPP) has been proven to be a well-known positioning technique for centimeter or decimeter level accuracy. However, it needs long convergence time to get high-accuracy positioning, which limits the prospects of PPP, especially in real-time applications. It is expected that the PPP convergence time can be reduced by introducing high-quality external information, such as ionospheric or tropospheric corrections. In this study, several methods for tropospheric wet delays modeling over wide areas are investigated. A new, improved model is developed, applicable in real-time applications in China. Based on the GPT2w model, a modified parameter of zenith wet delay exponential decay wrt. height is introduced in the modeling of the real-time tropospheric delay. The accuracy of this tropospheric model and GPT2w model in different seasons is evaluated with cross-validation, the root mean square of the zenith troposphere delay (ZTD) is 1.2 and 3.6 cm on average, respectively. On the other hand, this new model proves to be better than the tropospheric modeling based on water-vapor scale height; it can accurately express tropospheric delays up to 10 km altitude, which potentially has benefits in many real-time applications. With the high-accuracy ZTD model, the augmented PPP convergence performance for BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS) and GPS is evaluated. It shows that the contribution of the high-quality ZTD model on PPP convergence performance has relation with the constellation geometry. As BDS constellation geometry is poorer than GPS, the improvement for BDS PPP is more significant than that for GPS PPP. Compared with standard real-time PPP, the convergence time is reduced by 2–7 and 20–50% for the augmented BDS PPP, while GPS PPP only improves about 6 and 18% (on average), in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively. When GPS and BDS are combined, the geometry is greatly improved, which is good enough to get a reliable PPP solution, the augmentation PPP improves insignificantly comparing with standard PPP.